"Country","Question.ID","Response","Justification"
"Argentina","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"Since last year Argentina counts with a data portal, this data is open even if they don't always have the best formats and they don't comply with all the principles on open government data. The quantity of datasets is still low and there are not many new datasets since the launch of the portal. Even though the Open Government National Action Plan states on its second section (first paragraph) the creation of this portal with a specific mention about the data there being open for its reuse.
There are more advanced open data initiatives on the local level with different levels of development. This is the case of: Bahía Blanca, Misiones and Buenos Aires.
##Sources
(1): Portal de datos públicos, http://datospublicos.gob.ar/, Accessed on 6th June 2014
(2): Alianza para el Gobierno Abierto, Plan de Acción de la República Argentina, https://www.agendadigital.gob.ar/multimedia/files/carpeta%20de%20archivos/plandeaccion_01_(2)OGP.pdf
(3): Gobierno abierto Bahía Blanca, http://gabierto.bahiablanca.gov.ar/datos-abiertos/, Accessed on 6th June 2014
(4): Portal de Datos Abiertos del Gobierno de Misiones, http://www.datos.misiones.gov.ar/, Accessed on 6th June 2014
http://data.buenosaires.gob.ar/, Accessed on 6th June 2014"
"Argentina","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"The support to culture of innovation is still emergent and it comes in very specific formats from a few governmental actors and the sustainability of the results is not yet solved. The government of Buenos Aires is an institution that has strongly supported these type of activities. They have organized a hackathon and a app challenge each year since three years ago. Last year, the national government had the first hackathon organized by them.
##Sources
(1): http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/areas/modernizacion/hackaton/#/, Accessed on 6th June 2014
(2): Buenos Aires Ciudad, Digital BA, ""BA Hackaton Verde: hay un desafío para vos"", 28th April 2014, http://digital.buenosaires.gob.ar/ba-hackaton-verde-hay-un-desafio-para-vos/
(3): Buenos Aires Ciudad, Digital BA, ""Los finalistas de BA Apps 2013"", 29th November 2013, http://digital.buenosaires.gob.ar/estos-son-los-10-finalistas-de-ba-apps-2013/"
"Argentina","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",4,"As stated on question C1,there are several local and provincial governments that are working data initiatives and their progress is even better than the national level. These are the cases of: Bahía Blanca, Misiones and Buenos Aires.
There are also some initiatives that come civil society that are working in Buenos Aires, like GarageLab (Que pasa Riachuelo, Mapa de muertes maternas, Mapa de asentamientos informales, Monitoreo Social de la Cuenca), La Nacion Data (Declaraciones Juradas)
##Sources
(1): Gobierno abierto de Bahía Blanca, http://gabierto.bahiablanca.gov.ar/datos-abiertos/, Accessed on 6th July 2014
(2), Portal de Datos Abiertos del Gobierno de Misiones, http://www.datos.misiones.gov.ar/, Accessed on 6th July 2014
(3): Iniciativa de datos públicos y transparencia de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, http://data.buenosaires.gob.ar/, Accessed on 6th July 2014
(4): GarageLab, ""Hacer visible la situación de pobreza para superarla"", http://www.garagelab.cc/portfolio/garaglabtecho-relevamiento-de-asentamientos-informales/, Accessed on 6th July 2014
(5): GarageLab, http://quepasariachuelo.org.ar/, Accessed on 6th July 2014
(6): GarageLab, ""Plataforma de Monitoreo Social de la Cuenca"", http://www.garagelab.cc/portfolio/gobierno-abierto-socioambiental-quepasariachuelo-parte-2/
(7): GarageLab, http://www.muertematernaenargentina.org/, Accessed on 6th July 2014
(8): La Nación Data, Declaraciones Juradas Abiertas, http://interactivos.lanacion.com.ar/declaraciones-juradas/#pd=0"
"Argentina","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",4,"The relation between civil society and information technology professionals with government, regarding open data has been relatively good, since it can't be characterized as confrontational. Organizations and individuals have been demanding data and little by little they have been receiving some. The situation has been very different depending the initiative observed. In some cases these organizations have created their own data when there was any data available. This is the case in more ""sensitive"" matters such as government expenses, environment or politician's asset declarations.
Even though many organizations and individuals have been approaching to activities regarding open data such as hackathons, launch of open data portals, etc. In these cases the people aware of the issue is growing and they tend to collaborate with government in the creation from open data.
##Sources
(1): Silvana Fumega, ""OGD and FOI: Different approaches to government information and data "", The OGP civil society hub, September 2013, http://www.ogphub.org/blog/ogd-and-foi-different-approaches-to-government-information-and-data/
(2): Silvana Fumega, PhD student at the University of Tasmania, Argentinian expert on FOI and open data, Skpecall June 06 2014."
"Argentina","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",3,"There are some initiatives that come from provincial government, media and civil society to train people in the use of open data. However the training for the use of open data as a business model is still not a priority. This lack of incentives generates that even very good results coming from app challenges or hackathons are not strong enough to become successful business models.
We can find that this issue has been detected as such and there some spaces that are trying to start talking about them and elaborate.
##Sources
(1): Infotechnology.com, ""Gobierno abierto en la Argentina: cómo son los principales proyectos"", Febraury 2014, http://www.infotechnology.com/revista/Gobierno-abierto-en-la-Argentina-como-son-los-principales-proyectos-20140220-0003.html
(2): World Bank Blog, ""Auge de empresas de datos de libre acceso en los mercados emergentes"", May 2014, http://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/es/auge-de-empresas-de-datos-de-libre-acceso-en-los-mercados-emergentes
Jornadas Argentinas de Informática , Simposio Argentino sobre Tecnología y Sociedad, http://www.43jaiio.org.ar/STS"
"Argentina","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"No evidence on impact on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness. There is some wiliness on the generation of such impact, but still no evidenced found.
##Sources
(1): Portal de datos públicos, http://datospublicos.gov.ar/novedades, Accessed on 11th May, 2014
(2): Silvana Fumega, PhD student at the University of Tasmania, Argentinian expert on FOI and open data, Skpecall June 06 2014."
"Argentina","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",3,"There are a couple of cases of a media scraping data to elaborate an open database that has increased transparency and accountability. These are the cases of:
- Subsidios a los colectivos: The publication of open, public data of the Ministry of Transport and its cross-linking with statistics from the National Commission for Transport Regulation allowed to La Nacion Data to show the subsidies given to different lines of buses in the city of Buenos Aires. This shows in a more transparent how public funds are being used to subside a part of public transport
- VozData: La Nacion Data with some NGOs processed all the declaration of assets of politicians that were o PDFs, into open data. This very detailed and easy access data makes more accountable the assets of politicians.
##Sources
(1): http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1482394-por-que-nos-ocupamos-de-los-subsidios"
"Argentina","ODB.2013.I.ENV",2,"There is an initiative that was promoted by some NGOs to produce data that is published on open formats to monitor the environmental problems at the Cuenca on sanitation isues. This initiative provides a evidence-based contextualization of this problematic area of Buenos Aires, for its neihbords to demand responses from the government. Some of the data is produced by the government of Buenos Aires and some of the data come from a crowdsource map.
##Sources
(1): Que pasa Riachuelo, http://quepasariachuelo.org.ar/, Accessed on 11th May, 2014
(2): Ashoka Argentina, ""GarageLab desarrolló una herramienta de control ambiental"", Febraury 2014, http://argentina.ashoka.org/garagelab-desarroll%C3%B3-una-herramienta-de-control-ambiental
(3): La gran época, ""Ciudadanos de Buenos Aires controlan la contaminación con plataforma virtual"", July 2013, http://www.lagranepoca.com/28746-ciudadanos-buenos-aires-controlan-contaminacion-plataforma-virtual"
"Argentina","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No evidence on impact of open data on increasing the inclusion of marginalised groups in policy making and accessing government services
##Sources
(1): Silvana Fumega, PhD student at the University of Tasmania, Argentinian expert on FOI and open data, Skpecall June 06 2014."
"Argentina","ODB.2013.I.ECON",1,"There are two mobile applications running for the control of prices. There is a set of products which prices are fixed, this app allow people to control the prices (available as open data), which have a repercussion on home economics.
##Sources
(1): Infobae, ""Aplicaciones para controlar los Precios cuidados"", 2014, http://www.infobae.com/2014/01/29/1540276-aplicaciones-controlar-los-precios-cuidados
(2): Precios OK, https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.app.precios, Accessed on 11th May, 2014
(3): Precios Cuidados Oficial, https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.precioscuidados, Accessed on 11th May, 2014"
"Argentina","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",2,"As a result of app challenges some entrepreneurs are starting their business based on open data. This is the case for example of: ""estacionapp"" and ""precios ok""
##Sources
(1): Digital BA, ""BA Apps – Demo Day y ganadores"", December 2013, http://digital.buenosaires.gob.ar/ba-apps-demo-day-y-ganadores/
(2): Estacionapp, https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.app.estacionamiento, Accessed on 11th May, 2014
(3): Infobae, ""Una aplicación para evitar el acarreo del auto y multas"", December 2013, http://www.infobae.com/2013/12/17/1531516-una-aplicacion-evitar-el-acarreo-del-auto-y-multas
(4): DonWeb, ""EstacionApp, la herramienta que te ayuda a estacionar"", December 2013, http://dattatecblog.com/2013/12/estacionapp-la-herramienta-que-te-ayuda-a-estacionar/
(5): Precios ok, https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.app.precios, Accessed on 11th May, 2014
(6): Infobae, ""Aplicaciones para controlar los Precios cuidados"", Janaury, 2014, http://www.infobae.com/2014/01/29/1540276-aplicaciones-controlar-los-precios-cuidados"
"Argentina","ODB.2013.C.DPL",8,"In Argentina there is a law that regulates the protection of personal data since year 2000. This law is a very robust one that complies with the best practices around data protection policies. However, there are some observations about the concept of personal data laying in the law, being so large, that could not reconcile to the FOI right.
There are reports that implementation is limited with respect to some large databases which have not been registered under the law, and which are thus not subject to adequate oversight (3).
##Sources
(1): Ley 25.326, ""Protección de los Datos Personales"", 2000, http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/64790/norma.htm
(2): Alianza Regional por la Libre Expresión e Información, ""Informe Saber Más III: El Acceso a la Información y la Protección de Datos Personales"", September 2011, http://www.alianzaregional.net/wp-content/uploads/SABER-MAS-III-Alianza-Regional-2011.pdf
(3): http://www.taylorwessing.com/ipindex/data_protection_map.html"
"Argentina","ODB.2013.C.RTI",3,"There is still not a national law on FOI in Argentina, but there is a decree in place 1172/03 (2003) that only contemplates the central government. On top of that the regulation of this right differs from province to province. The provinces of Entre Ríos, Salta and Santa Fe are regulated by the provincial executive decree. The province of Buenos Aires counts with a decree and a law. Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Corrientes, Jujuy, La Pampa, Misiones, Río Negro, Santiago del Estero and Tierra del Fuego are regulated by a provincial laws.
There are also some articles on the Constitution that vaguely guarantee the FOI right (articles 1, 38, 41, 42 and 43).
##Sources
(1): Decreto 1172/2003, ""Mejora de la Calidad de la Democracia y de sus Instituciones"", 2003, http://infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/90000-94999/90763/norma.htm
(2): Sandra Elena & Ana Pichon, ""Una nueva oportunidad para sancionar una ley nacional de acceso a la información pública"", Centro de Implementación de Políticas Públicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento, April 2014, http://www.cippec.org/documents/10179/51825/132+DPP+Justicia%2C%20Una+nueva+oportunidad+para+sancionar+una+ley+nacional+de+acceso+a+la+informaci%C3%B3n+p%C3%BAblica%2C%20Elena+y+Pichon+Riviere.pdf/21eec4e3-2461-4b64-b2d4-c68948a10278
(3): La Nación, ""Piden ley de acceso a la información en la Argentina"", February 2014, http://www.lavoz.com.ar/politica/piden-ley-de-acceso-la-informacion-en-la-argentina
(4): Infobae, ""Diputados de la oposición estudian impulsar una ley de acceso a la información pública"", April 2014, http://www.infobae.com/2014/04/09/1556136-diputados-la-oposicion-estudian-impulsar-una-ley-acceso-la-informacion-publica
(5). ""Campaña por una ley de acceso a la información pública en Argentina"", http://www.saberesunderecho.org/index.html, Accessed on 13th May, 2014"
"Australia","ODB.2013.C.INIT",8,"The federal government has launched http://data.gov.au/ whose purpose is to encourage the public to find, access and reuse public datasets made available from Government. This came about because of the Government 2.0 Taskforce report which recommended that there be greater access to data, that the public be able to reuse data for useful purposes. The Office of the Australian Government CTO in the Department of Finance and Deregulation is responsible for the development, support and ongoing operation of this data.gov. All states have a data initiative and there are several high profile initiatives that engage with the government regarding open data, for example the AusGoal which is built using the Queensland Governments Government Information Licensing Framework (GILF), the NSW Open Data, the Victorian Government Data Directory.
Source: https://www.openaustraliafoundation.org.au/
Source: Engage: Getting on with Government 2.0 http://www.finance.gov.au/publications/gov20taskforcereport/
http://www.finance.gov.au/agict
Source: http://webguide.gov.au/web-2-0/publishing-public-sector-information/
Source: http://data.nsw.gov.au/
Source: http://www.data.vic.gov.au/"
"Australia","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",8,"There is high level engagement across the board in using open data from the NSW fire service developing a fire alerts system to social security payments by electorate. Easy access to open data has resulted in the development of an open data community and there is a push for open data initiatives for technology professionals from the government. Universities are holding their own open data programs such as the University of Melbourne's participation in the International Women's Hackathon and CSO are engaging with open data such as the C20 initiative.
Source: https://www.openaustraliafoundation.org.au/
Source: http://www.ausgoal.gov.au/
Source: http://data.nsw.gov.au/apps
Source: http://data.gov.au/related
Source: Govt launches ineractive map of Australia in 'open data' push http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/latest/govt-launches-ineractive-map-of-australia-in-open-data-push/story-e6frg90f-1226982856624 and http://nationalmap.nicta.com.au/
Source: http://themelbourneengineer.eng.unimelb.edu.au/2014/05/go-girls-are-go-for-global-hacking-challenge/
Source: http://www.c20conversations.org.au/fr/node/418399
Source: National Map Open Data initiative to boost innovation http://www.minister.communications.gov.au/malcolm_turnbull/news/national_map_open_data_initiative_to_boost_innovation#.U-7evbySwbQ"
"Australia","ODB.2013.C.CITY",6,"The government is clearly supporting a culture of innovation through the marketing of organisations that have used open data sets via governmental websites as well as holding competitions such as the GovHack 2014 event which saw satellite events in different states such as Unleashed in South Australia. There is the Open Knowledge Foundation Network in Australia (OKFNau) which links back to a community of open data enthusiasts and is linked to by govhack. Govhack is now one of the biggest government supported open data competition as it provides comprehensive access to government data sets. EGov cluster also promotes a culture of innovation by promoting the use of digital and data sets.
Source: http://data.gov.au/organization
Source: GovHack 2014 http://www.data.vic.gov.au/node/14 and http://www.govhack.org/
Source: http://www.govhack.org/locations/south-australia/
Source: http://au.okfn.org/
Source: http://www.govhack.org/data-competitions/
Source: http://www.egovernmentcluster.org.au/"
"Australia","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",8,"City and regional governments are prolific in running their own data initiatives and regularly run competitions off the back of federal government initiatives. One of the biggest open data initiatives was the govhack competition held in Melbourne, Victoria. State and city councils have been quick to be involved in promoting open data initiates. For example, the Queensland Government has a open data strategy for engagement, while the government of Western Australia has the integrated planning open data initiative. The majority of city or regional governments have information available on open data initiatives that they are either doing themselves or promoting.
Source: https://data.gov.au/dataset
Source: https://publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/open-data-strategy-local-government-community-recovery-and-resilience
Source: https://integratedplanning.dlg.wa.gov.au/Content/ICTFramework/OpenData.aspx"
"Australia","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",6,"There are extensive training programs available via local government or businesses for those wishing to increase their skills or build new businesses using open data. The City of Melbourne regularly holds information evenings and provides support in how to use and access open data, the Brisbane City Council launched its Open Data Initiative with assistance provided by the council and the South Australian Government Open Data Forum was launched to promote use of data sets.
Source: http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/getinvolved/Pages/opendata.aspx
Source: http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/about-council/governance-strategy/economic-development/open-data and http://data.brisbane.qld.gov.au/
Source: http://www.lga.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?c=36160"
"Australia","ODB.2013.I.GOV",1,"It's not immediately clear if open data has an increase on government efficiency and effectiveness because only a small proportion of data is made available.
Source: http://www.ncoa.gov.au/report/appendix-vol-2/10-23-technology.html
Source: http://www.ncoa.gov.au/report/appendix-vol-2/10-23-attachment.html#10-23-1"
"Australia","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",3,"There has been a surge in entrepreneurs successfully using open data, mainly on the back of GovHack. Niche development is also occurring with user created apps that utilize the data.
Source: see http://www.govhack.org/2013-winners/ and http://www.govhack.org/2014-winners/ for urls to new business using open data."
"Australia","ODB.2013.I.ECON",3,"The use of data to build business is quite high as government encourages their development, there is a general consensus that this will increase and that Australia should be looking towards a digital economy. Local initiatives are strong and supported by local and federal government.
Source: http://www.opendataresearch.org/dl/odb2013/Open-Data-Barometer-2013-Global-Report.pdf (see Australia)
http://www.smh.com.au/national/public-service/big-data-could-rescue-australias-economy-and-the-public-service-20140618-zsdiv.html
http://www.sydney.org.au/events&post=the-future-of-australias-digital-economy--lunchtime-address-with-the-hon-malcolm-turnbull-mp&id=C7BB9DADE7C97BC52184A681D523D5E9"
"Australia","ODB.2013.I.INC",2,"There is no clear statement or information about how open data has a noticeable impact on marginal groups other than local councils and states having open data sets available. There has not yet been a comprehensive study into this however there are government policies that encourage the use of open data.
Source: http://www.finance.nsw.gov.au/ict/sites/default/files/NSW%20Government%20Open%20Data%20Policy%201.0.pdf"
"Australia","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",2,"It's not immediately clear if open data has been cited to have contributed to greater transparency as there doesn't appear to be any publicly available information on the outcome of studies. There is however undertakings from the government towards greater transparency and accountability in the National Commission of Audit
Source: http://www.ncoa.gov.au/report/appendix-vol-2/10-23-technology.html
Source: http://www.ncoa.gov.au/report/appendix-vol-2/10-23-attachment.html#10-23-1"
"Australia","ODB.2013.I.ENV",2,"It's not immediately clear if open data has an increase on government efficiency and effectiveness because only a small proportion of data is made available.
Source: http://www.ncoa.gov.au/report/appendix-vol-2/10-23-technology.html
Source: http://www.ncoa.gov.au/report/appendix-vol-2/10-23-attachment.html#10-23-1"
"Australia","ODB.2013.C.DPL",7,"There is current strengthening of the data retention laws in relation to terrorism on top of an already exhaustive legal and regulatory framework for the protection of personal data. Australia has the Australian Privacy Principles contained in the Privacy Amendment (Enhancing Privacy Protection) Act 2012 (these replace the older National Privacy Principles found in the Privacy Act 1988) made many significant changes to the Privacy Act. Together, there is an exhaustive framework in place to protect personal data use in Australia as they cover how entities handle individuals’ personal information as well as the collection, use, disclosure and the provision of access to personal information.
Source: Privacy Law Reform: http://www.oaic.gov.au/privacy/privacy-act/privacy-law-reform
Source: Privacy Law in Australia: an overview http://www.gtlaw.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Privacy-Law-in-Australia-an-overview.pdf"
"Australia","ODB.2013.C.RTI",7,"The The Freedom of Information Act 1982 (FOI Act) provides a legally enforceable right of access to government documents and users must approach the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner. A person is able to request access to documents held by Australian Government ministers and most agencies as well as put in a request for ministers or agencies to amend or annotate any information they hold about the person requesting. There are some exceptions to the FIO however it is functioning office.
Source: Office of the Australian Information Commissioner http://www.oaic.gov.au/freedom-of-information/about-freedom-of-information"
"Austria","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",8,"Very strong engagement. Examples include: Open Knowledge Foundation Austria (1), Wikimedia Austria (2), Open3At (3).
(1) http://okfn.at/
(2) https://www.wikimedia.at/
(3) https://www.open3.at/"
"Austria","ODB.2013.C.INIT",6,"There is no dedicated law on open data, but the Federal Chancellery started publishing OGD in 2011 (1).
The driving force behind the voluntary efforts are the administrations of several Austrian major cities. They built up the Cooperation OGD Österreich with the dedicated approach to cooperate with civil society, science, culture, businesses (2). After the Federal election in fall 2013, the new goverment included Open Data in its coalition treaty - yet, according to Peter Parycek, no member of the cabinet is identifiable as in charge of the subject (3).
However, the National Parliament started publishing its data in an open format on the OGD portal (4) [technically, shortly after the review period, on 7/7/2014]
The Stability Pact of 2012 requires the Federal States and communities to publish their budgets and spending online in a re-usable format (no images, no PDFs) (5). However, the KDZ [Centre for Public Administration] recently examined how far the Federal States and the communities complied to this requirement: The largest part of the Federal states only provided PDFs, some had XLS, the Federal budget was only available as strongly formated XLS (6)
(1) http://www.data.gv.at/
(2) http://data.gv.at/hintergrund-infos/cooperation-ogd-oesterreich/
(3) Telephone interview with Peter Parycek, Danube University Krems, Department of E-Government - July 11, 2014.
(4) http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/PR/JAHR_2014/PK0661/index.shtml
(5) https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=LrOO&Gesetzesnummer=20000717
(6) https://twitter.com/krabina/status/482168690361004032/photo/1"
"Austria","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",9,"A number of Austrian Federal states and cities run their own initiatives - they mostly publish their data on the central data portal (1), yet the cities of Vienna (2), Linz (3), Graz (4), Innsbruck (5) and Salzburg (6)
and the Federal states Upper Austria (7), Lower Austria (8), Tyrol (9), Carynthia (10), Styria (11), Salzburg (12) and Vorarlberg (13) maintain data portals with different extents of data (only the state Burgenland does not, Vienna has a double function as a city and state).
(1) http://www.data.gv.at/veroeffentlichende-stellen/
(2) https://open.wien.at/site/
(3) http://data.linz.gv.at/
(4) http://data.graz.gv.at/
(5) https://www.innsbruck.gv.at/page.cfm?vpath=verwaltung/ogd
(6) http://data.stadt-salzburg.at/
(7) http://www.land-oberoesterreich.gv.at/cps/rde/xchg/ooe/hs.xsl/opendata_DEU_HTML.htm
(8) http://data.noe.gv.at/Open-Government-Data.html
(9) http://data.tirol.gv.at/
(10) http://data.ktn.gv.at/
(11) http://data.steiermark.at/
(12) http://service.salzburg.gv.at/ogdClient/
(13) http://data.vorarlberg.gv.at/"
"Austria","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",5,"OKFN Austria offers dedicated training (1) Another program is the Austrian version of the Digital Champions EU project called ""Werde Digital"" (2)
Also the Open Commons Region Linz ran a Winter School on OGD in the first half of 2013 - a cooperation between the cities of Salzburg and Linz, aimed at administrations, scientists, businesses, community (3)
(1) http://schoolofdata.at/
(2) http://www.werdedigital.at/
(3) http://slideplayer.de/slide/918305/ (slide 15)"
"Austria","ODB.2013.C.CITY",6,"The competition apps4austria (1) ran in the first half of 2013, on June 12, 2013, the winners were chosen by the jury.
The Federal States of Upper Austria (""APP""er Austrian Award, 2) and Salzburg (3) also carry/carried out competitions involving OGD.
Vienna has established an open data category in its annual competition, the Content Award (4)
Seamless Cities is another award, focused on producing smart apps for Vienna and its partner city Nuremberg - this also involved lots of ODG - the winner was awarded a 20.000 € contract (5)
(1) www.digitales.oesterreich.gv.at/site/7771/default.aspx
(2) http://www.land-oberoesterreich.gv.at/cps/rde/xchg/ooe/hs.xsl/125193_DEU_HTML.htm
(3) http://its.fh-salzburg.ac.at/aktuelles/its-award/open-data-award/
(4) https://www.wien.gv.at/arbeit-wirtschaft/content-award.html
(5) http://www.seamlesscities.app-camp.eu
Source: Telephone interview with Robert Harm of the civil society organizatin open3.at - July 11, 2014"
"Austria","ODB.2013.I.ENV",5,"There are many examples to demonstrate such impact but no specific or focused studies. One possible application could be the pollen radar based on the tree cadastre of the city of Vienna (1). ""Woody"" is another application based on this data, trying to raise awareness for Vienna's trees (2). The application ""Solarize"" displays sun exposure of a location in the Federal State of Upper Austria, then calculating costs and saving potential when buying a solar energy or electricity system (3). Also, the multi-modal routing platform VAO (Verkehrsauskunft Österreich) can be assigned to having positive effects on this subject (4 + 5)
(1) http://www.data.gv.at/anwendungen/pollenradar-wien/
(2) http://www.data.gv.at/anwendungen/woody/
(3) http://www.data.gv.at/anwendungen/solarize/
(4) http://www.verkehrsauskunft.at/
(5) http://okfn.at/presseaussendung-14-11-2013-meetup-open-transport-data/"
"Austria","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",4,"There are many examples to demonstrate such impact but no specific or focused studies. Most prominent example might be Offener Haushalt, which covers the spending of over 600 of Austria's 2350 communities. It is run by the Centre for Public Administrative Research and the Austrian Bank (1). The application ""Schau auf Linz"" is an adaption of Fix my Street for the city of Linz, making it possible for its citizens to report problems in the city (2). The application ""EU-Wahl 2014 - Ergebnisse Ihrer Gemeinde"" displays the European Election results on community level for the Federal State of Steiermark (3) using shape data by the Federal State (4).
The application ""Österreich macht mit"" (Austria participates) functions as an interface between citizens and administrations - presently it's fully implemented in Vienna (5). One further example is a mobile app calculating if one's rent paid in Vienna is too high (6). The Atlas of Tyrolia shows the financial situation of the communities in this Federal State (7).
(1) http://www.offenerhaushalt.at/
(2) http://schau.auf.linz.at/
(3) http://derstandard.at/2000001541951/Die-Ergebnisse-in-Ihrer-Gemeinde
(4) http://www.data.gv.at/anwendungen/eu-wahl-2014-die-ergebnisse-in-ihrer-gemeinde/
(5) http://www.data.gv.at/anwendungen/mach-mit/
(6) http://www.data.gv.at/anwendungen/wiener-mietenrechner-app/
(7) http://www.data.gv.at/anwendungen/tirol-atlas-gemeindefinanzen/"
"Austria","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",6,"A number of startups, in Vienna in particular, are using OGD. Zoomsquare enriches property data for finding a flat (1)Immo Focus Wien by Bergewerk-GIS is another real estate application (2) Wann is a travel planning application based on open data (3) Next Stop is a further travel planning app successfully using open data (4) Mapsmarker (Wordpress plugin for marking points on a map) was developed at a Hackathon by Robert Harm and has turned into a startup as well (5)
(1) http://www.zoomsquare.com/
(2) http://www.immo-focus-wien.at/
(3) http://subzero.eu/wann/
(4) http://www.nextstop.at/
(5) https://www.mapsmarker.com
Source: Telephone interview with Robert Harm of the civil society organizatin open3.at - July 11, 2014"
"Austria","ODB.2013.I.INC",4,"There are many examples to demonstrate such impact but no specific or focused studies. According to Leonhard Dobusch, researcher at the Free University of Berlin, the application ""Schau auf Linz"" (See I2) is used by a higher proportion of disadvantaged groups than other means (1).
The advocacy organisation Bizeps (2) worked together with developers in a barcamp to crowdsource information on broken public transport elevators in Vienna (3). After this necessity became apparent, the city of Vienna as owner of the public transport made the data available publicly. (4).
The data has been used for quite a few applications, including such ones as ""Accessible Vienna"" (5) for visitors with special needs.
(1) E-Mail by Leonhard Dobusch, June 30, 2014
(2) http://www.bizeps.or.at/
(3) http://www.data.gv.at/anwendungen/up-down-vienna/
(4) http://data.gv.at/datensatz/?id=aac2629e-495d-4468-9c8b-cd9649bd7b5d
(5) http://data.gv.at/anwendungen/accessible-vienna/"
"Austria","ODB.2013.I.GOV",3,"Parycek, Ginner and Höchtl undertook a study on Vienna's administration and quote department executives who consider OGD as being more efficient and available in comparison to having to respond to data requests. They expect to be perceived as more customer friendly and focused. External stakeholders (citizens, business representatives, science and research, journalists) confirm this positive perception. Also, the necessity and introduction of automated IT processes increases the efficiency (1,2). In an interview Peter Parycek noted that all administrations working with geodata observed improved efficiency through being able to provide data via a portal rather than doing so on demand. (3)
(1) http://www.iatiregistry.org/: No direct results for 'Austria'
(2) http://www.jtaer.com/may2014/Parycek_Hochtl_Ginner_p6.pdf - chapters 4.9 + 4.10 + 4.11
(3) Telephone interview with Peter Parycek, Danube University Krems, Department of E-Government - July 11, 2014."
"Austria","ODB.2013.I.ECON",3,"Though there are some specific examples of OD use, no specific evidence of impact was found. Furthermore, the study by Parycek, Ginner and Höchtl (2014) on OGD in Vienna's administration mentions the present lack of standardized metadata, which would be necessary for businesses to use data at a larger scale. Presently, use of OGD is limited to startups and niche products (see I6), the researchers conclude (1). One more aspect that should be noted is the fact that companies might use the data internally and/or not submit their use of data to the data portals (Peter Parycek pointed to this). However, the travel website Tip Online (2) uses destination information by the Foreign Ministry (3)
(1) Peter Parycek, Johann Höchtl, Michael Ginner: Open Government Data Implementation Evaluation
http://www.jtaer.com/statistics/download/download.php?co_id=JTA20140206 - chapter 4.10
(2) http://www.tip-online.at/counter-service/tip-destinations/
(3) http://data.gv.at/auftritte/?organisation=bmeia"
"Austria","ODB.2013.C.DPL",8,"Austria enjoys a very strong data protection and privacy legislation (1). On the other hand, privacy advocates criticise that the Austrian Data Protection Authority has far to low budget and staff to enforce the laws. Comparable countries have far more full-time staffers, they argue. Also, not a single person is in charge of technical data protection. (2). Each year, thousands of breaches are reported in the official register, yet there are several thousand unprocessed cases due to lack of staff (3).
(1) https://www.dsb.gv.at/site/6200/default.aspx
(2) http://futurezone.at/netzpolitik/oesterreich-vor-datenschutz-scherbenhaufen/62.275.980
(3) http://kurier.at/chronik/oesterreich/neue-behoerde-der-datenschutz-bleibt-zahnlos/24.988.409"
"Austria","ODB.2013.C.RTI",5,"Austria has only a weak RTI law, which is countered by a secrecy clause in the constitution. The RTI-Rating 2014 put Austria on the very last place of 97 nations examined (1) A draft for changing the constitution was introduced in early 2014 (2), it is currently under evaluation (3), but it is being disputed by members of CSO if formidable progress will take place (4), furthermore the time frame is doubted by members of parliament (5).
(1) http://rti-rating.org/view_country.php?country_name=Austria
(2) https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?Abfrage=Begut&Dokumentnummer=BEGUT_COO_2026_100_2_986947
(3) http://derstandard.at/1395363082233/Amtsgeheimnis-Regierung-schickt-Entwurf-in-Begutachtung
(4) http://www.informationsfreiheit.at/2014/04/guter-runder-tisch-zu-transparenz-leider-ohne-die-spoe/
(5) http://derstandard.at/2000002278304/Amtsgeheimnis-Opposition-zweifelt-an-rascher-Einigung"
"Bahrain","ODB.2013.C.INIT",4,"Bahrain has implemented a portal: ""The open Data Platform is an important initiative for the Kingdom of Bahrain as it aims to implement a public data hub and a strategy for open data to enable transparency and promote eParticipation. The primary objective of the Data Platform is to publish datasets from ministries and government agencies in a manipulative format, and making this data available to the public. Channels of eParticipation are enabled also to receive your constructive feedback on this platform along with your ideas on how the data can be used."" Most data it contains is out of date (stops at 2009) and in PDF.
In addition, the Bahraini Statistics department also has some hints about Open Data (see FAQ). The data is in Excel, Word or PDF and mostly outdated (stops at 2007 or 2009).
Legal status of these data is unclear: the Open Data Portal is labeled ""© Open Data Platform. All rights reserved by eGovernment Authority (eGA) - Kingdom of Bahrain."" while the Terms and Conditions indicate that one is able to:
""a) copy, publish, distribute and transmit the Information;
b) adapt the Information;
c) exploit the Information commercially for example, by combining it with other Information, or by including it in your own product or application.""
Lastly, a website on Knoema labeled ""Open Data for Bahrain"" has visualisations and a pretty tortuous way of downloading the data. No license is mentioned here; the data is more recent (2013).
With this respect, I have chosen to grade this indicator with a 4. While some commitment exists, there is no clear congruence nor follow-up, let alone legal commitment to improve the situation.
Home page: http://www.data.gov.bh/wps/portal/data/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hfR08jT0sTI0t_UwsnA0_XMF8jL4sQQwtTE_1wkA6zeAsDE0dDT3cDdwt_HzMDz1B3T_eQUC9DA39TiLwBDuBooO_nkZ-bqh-cWKRfkJ2d5uioqAgAxFw7sA!!/dl3/d3/L0lHSkovd0RNQU5rQUVnQSEhL1lCZncvZW4!/
Data collection: http://oservices.bahrain.bh/wps/portal/data/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hfR08jT0sTI0t_UwsnA0_XMF8jL4sQQ2dvM6B8pFm8hYGJo6Gnu4G7hb-PmYFnqLune0iol6GBvykB3eEg-_DrB8kb4ACOBvp-Hvm5qfoFuREGWSaOigAaZiDh/dl3/d3/L0lDUmlTUSEhL3dHa0FKRnNBL1lCUmZ3QSEhL2Fy/
http://statistics.gov.bh/en/faq
http://bahrain.knoema.com/
All links accessed 23 July 2014."
"Bahrain","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",0,"No evidence was identified allowing to establish that CSO and IT professionals engage with the government regarding open data. The only competition launched by the Open Data Portal/e-gov officials in May 2013 has not seen any follow-up whatsoever. Additionally, the Bahrain Internet Society (involved in reaching out and engaging with civil society and fostering open data initiatives) has not shown any activity since end of August 2013. Lastly, the Statistics Dept Agenda is totally empty (considered the examination period). Thus, although the Open Data initiative in the country has started a few years ago, it seems stalled at its beta version.
I have thus graded this indicator with a 0.
http://www.bis.org.bh/
http://statistics.gov.bh/
Blog: http://www.data.gov.bh/wps/portal/data/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hfR08jT0sTI0sLMwsnA89Qb08XX2cno0AnE6B8pFm8hYGJo6Gnu4G7hb-PGVDe3dM9JNTL0MDflIDucJB9-PWD5A1wAEcDfT-P_NxU_eDUPP2C3AiDLBNHRQCfMOb_/dl3/d3/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS9ZQnZ3LzZfTUFJMkk5NDI5TzU4QjBJRVZNMko4VDE0VDI!/
News: http://www.data.gov.bh/wps/portal/data/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hfR08jT0sTI0t_UwsnA0_XMF8jL4sQQ5MQI6B8pFm8hYGJo6Gnu4G7hb-PmYFnqLune0iol6GBvykB3eEg-_DrB8kb4ACOBvp-Hvm5qfrBqXn6BbkRBlkmjooA8ZRufQ!!/dl3/d3/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS9ZQnZ3LzZfODA0QTFJRzBHODcxNTBJRjdQVTIxUzIwSDE!/
Ideas (Arabic):
http://oservices.bahrain.bh/wps/portal/data/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hfR08jT0sTI0t_UwsnA0_XMF8jL4sQQ-9Qc6B8pFm8hYGJo6Gnu4G7hb-PmYFnqLune0iol6GBvykB3eEg-_DrB8kb4ACOBvp-Hvm5qfoFuREGWSaOigBs5ON_/dl3/d3/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/
All links accessed 23 July 2014."
"Bahrain","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"The Open Data Portal news has one unique item: ""The eGovernment Authority Launches a Public Competition for the Innovated ideas for the Open Data Platform"". The press piece informs: ""As part of its committed belief in enhancing transparency and encouraging eParticipation and innovation; the eGovernment Authority (eGA) has announced the launch of Open Data Platform Competition, which is open to the public's innovation in term of ideas, applications until 2nd June 2013.""
No follow-up has been published. The Ideas page deemed to be the focal point for input contains very limited amount of suggestions. Lastly, the Statistics Dept Agenda is totally empty (considered the examination period).
I have thus graded this indicator with a 0 as the aforementioned attempt seems quite of a failure and no other evidence for outreach was identified.
Announcement: http://www.data.gov.bh/wps/portal/data/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gLAxNHQ093A3cLc0NTA08384BQI8NgIwMPQ6B8JLK8v4-ZgWeou6d7SKiXoYG_KQHd4SD78OsHyRvgAI4G-n4e-bmp-sGpefoFuREGWSaOigAc97Nz/dl3/d3/L0lDU0lKSWdrbUEhIS9JRFJBQUlpQ2dBek15cXchLzRCRWo4bzBGbEdpdC1iWHBBRUEhLzdfODA0QTFJRzBHODcxNTBJRjdQVTIxUzIwOTIvWVU4Mzk5NDYyMDAwNw!!/?WCM_PORTLET=PC_7_804A1IG0G87150IF7PU21S2092_WCM&WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/egov+english+library/odp/news/21052013
Ideas:
http://oservices.bahrain.bh/wps/portal/data/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hfR08jT0sTI0t_UwsnA0_XMF8jL4sQQ-9Qc6B8pFm8hYGJo6Gnu4G7hb-PmYFnqLune0iol6GBvykB3cGJRfrhIDvxmwGSN8ABHA30_Tzyc1P1C3IjKjx1HRUBd0Ul3A!!/dl3/d3/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/
http://statistics.gov.bh/
All links accessed 23 July 2014."
"Bahrain","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"No evidence was identified regional governments or cities run their own OD initiatives."
"Bahrain","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",2,"Evidence from 2013 about training that could contribute to building open data-related skills (mainly through universities and other training centers) could be still valid. For that reason and to keep consistency, I would give a score of 2 to 2014.
-Raed TWI"
"Bahrain","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"As discussed in the Open Data Context and after review of Open Datasets, there is no impact of open data on government efficiency and effectiveness."
"Bahrain","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"As discussed in the Open Data Context and after review of Open Datasets, there is no impact of open data on increasing transparency and accountability in Bahrain."
"Bahrain","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"As discussed in the Open Data Context and after review of Open Datasets, there is no impact of open data on environmental sustainability in Bahrain."
"Bahrain","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"As discussed in the Open Data Context and after review of Open Datasets, there is no impact of open data on increasing the inclusion of marginalised groups in policy making and accessing government services in Bahrain."
"Bahrain","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"As discussed in the Open Data Context and after review of Open Datasets, there is no impact of open data on the economy in Bahrain."
"Bahrain","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"As discussed in the Open Data Context and after review of Open Datasets, there is no impact of open data on increasing/helping entrepreneurs involve open data to build business in Bahrain."
"Bahrain","ODB.2013.C.DPL",3,"There is no such clear and specific legal framework. In its 2013 Human Rights Reports: Bahrain, the US embassy in Manama writes that one of the ""significant human rights problems included arbitrary deprivation of life; [...] reported violations of privacy; and restrictions on civil liberties, including freedom of speech, press, assembly, association, and some religious practices.""
Discussing ""Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence"", the report also highlights: ""Although the constitution prohibits such actions, the government violated these prohibitions. Human rights organizations reported that security forces entered homes without authorization and destroyed or confiscated personal property [...].
The government is required to obtain a court order before monitoring telephone calls, e-mail, and personal correspondence. Many local opposition groups believed the government monitored the activities of individuals and groups deemed to threaten national security. Many Shia citizens and human rights organizations believed there were extensive police informer networks.
Reports also indicated the government used computer programming to spy on political activists and members of the opposition inside and outside the country.""
A quick search on international privacy watchdog NGO, Privacy International, website reveals the amount of violations committed by the Bahraini government on its citizens digital rights, including pervasive surveillance of technology-related activities.
Although no privacy law exists, a number of laws and acts have aspects realted to this issue such as the Tellecommunication law (2002), e-Transaction law (2002), and the consumner protection guidelines (2011) (1).
(1): http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf
-Tim Davies
http://bahrain.usembassy.gov/policy/human-rights-report.html
https://www.privacyinternational.org/countries/bahrain
All links accessed 23 July 2014."
"Bahrain","ODB.2013.C.RTI",0,"Bahrain does not have a RTI law. In its 2013 Human Rights Reports: Bahrain, the US embassy in Manama writes: ""Public Access to Information: The law does not provide citizens access to government-held information. Most companies and ministries have public websites, but specific budgetary information, such as individual expenditures and income, was not available. Efforts in some parts of the government to improve transparency were resisted by other officials.""
http://bahrain.usembassy.gov/policy/human-rights-report.html
All links accessed 23 July 2014."
"Bangladesh","ODB.2013.C.INIT",0,"Despite the government's ""Digital Bangladesh"" initiative, there is no discussion in the policy arena on open government. It is not even clear whether the inner circle within the government is aware of any such thing. Keeping intact the traits of developing countries' public sector, there is a tendency to rather centralize power and information. That reflects in the government's lack of resources allocated to the Information Commission as well. The visible initiatives are the outcome of particular institutions, rather than the result of government instruction.
Sources:
(1) Dr. Nazmul Ahsan Kalim Ullah, Professor of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, 23 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(2) Anonymous, Officer, ISP, 27 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh."
"Bangladesh","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"There is no government support, financial or otherwise, in promoting the culture of innovation through open government initiative in Bangladesh.
Sources:
(1) Dr. Nazmul Ahsan Kalim Ullah, Professor of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, 23 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(2) Anonymous, Officer, ISP, 27 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh."
"Bangladesh","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",0,"There is no visible praise-worthy civil society or IT professional initiatives to engage, encourage or put pressure on the government for open government initiative. In fact, none of the leading CSOs have this on their policy/advocacy agenda and IT professionals' views are absent on this. Intermediaries like ISPs would not be able to raise any concern because they do not want to rock the boat either.
Sources:
(1) Dr. Nazmul Ahsan Kalim Ullah, Professor of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, 23 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(2) Anonymous, Officer, ISP, 27 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh."
"Bangladesh","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"No such initiatives exist at the city or regional levels. The only government institution which has an Open Data Initiative is Bangladesh Bank, the central bank of the country.
Sources:
(1) Dr. Nazmul Ahsan Kalim Ullah, Professor of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, 23 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(2) Muhammad Muinul Islam, Assistant Professor of Public Administration, Jahangirnagar University, 11 July 2014, Savar, Bangladesh."
"Bangladesh","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",2,"No formal government training option is available for private sector businesses or individuals. However, irrespective of the quality, ISPs and IT professionals can train interested parties, if requested and paid by the latter.
Sources:
(1) Dr. Nazmul Ahsan Kalim Ullah, Professor of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, 23 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(2) Muhammad Muinul Islam, Assistant Professor of Public Administration, Jahangirnagar University, 11 July 2014, Savar, Bangladesh."
"Bangladesh","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"No existence of open data policy in the public sector. There is therefore no evidence of the impact on government efficiency and effectiveness as well.
Sources:
(1) Dr. Nazmul Ahsan Kalim Ullah, Professor of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, 23 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(2) Anonymous, Bangladesh Bank, 26 June 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(3) Muhammad Muinul Islam, Assistant Professor of Public Administration, Jahangirnagar University, 22 June 2014, Savar, Bangladesh."
"Bangladesh","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"There is no evidence of increased transparency and accountability in the country due to open data.
Sources:
(1) Dr. Nazmul Ahsan Kalim Ullah, Professor of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, 23 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(2) Muhammad Muinul Islam, Assistant Professor of Public Administration, Jahangirnagar University, 22 June 2014, Savar, Bangladesh."
"Bangladesh","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"There is no evidence of increased environmental sustainability in the country due to open data.
Sources:
(1) Dr. Nazmul Ahsan Kalim Ullah, Professor of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, 23 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(2) Muhammad Muinul Islam, Assistant Professor of Public Administration, Jahangirnagar University, 22 June 2014, Savar, Bangladesh."
"Bangladesh","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is absolutely no evidence of increased inclusion of marginalised groups in public policy making due to open data initiative. However, at least theoretically and too some extent, even the availability of information on government website and existence of citizens' charters allowed sections of people to even know what sort of services these ministries/departments are responsible for and within which time-frame and thus could access government services that way. CSOs working in the grassroots level often enable marginalized groups in articulating their demands.
Sources:
(1) Dr. Nazmul Ahsan Kalim Ullah, Professor of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, 23 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(2) Muhammad Muinul Islam, Assistant Professor of Public Administration, Jahangirnagar University, 22 June 2014, Savar, Bangladesh."
"Bangladesh","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"No studies available to show the impact.
Sources:
(1) Dr. Nazmul Ahsan Kalim Ullah, Professor of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, 23 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(2) Muhammad Muinul Islam, Assistant Professor of Public Administration, Jahangirnagar University, 22 June 2014, Savar, Bangladesh."
"Bangladesh","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",1,"Private sector businesses and entrepreneurs utilize open source information during the initiation of their businesses (e.g., websites), even if they have to go beyond the borders of the country.
Sources:
(1) Dr. Nazmul Ahsan Kalim Ullah, Professor of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, 23 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(2) Muhammad Muinul Islam, Assistant Professor of Public Administration, Jahangirnagar University, 22 June 2014, Savar, Bangladesh."
"Bangladesh","ODB.2013.C.DPL",0,"Bangladesh does not have a robust regulatory framework to protect personal data. Though it is collected in different form through different mechanisms, it's not certain how those data and information are protected by the government. ""The right to privacy is still in a nascent stage in Bangladesh and swimming in a grey area of constitutional protection."" No watchdog body exist to protect citizens from government's privacy rights infringements. Rather, entities like Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) can collect communications information, both traffic data and content, from the ISPs to monitor illegal activities.
Sources:
(1) Dr. Nazmul Ahsan Kalim Ullah, Professor of Public Administration, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 15 July, 2014.
(2) Report on Bangladesh by Privacy International: https://www.privacyinternational.org/reports/bangladesh"
"Bangladesh","ODB.2013.C.RTI",8,"Bangladesh has a dedicated law for peoples' right to information which was enacted in 2009. The Information Commission also exists to ensure this right. According to the Centre for Law and Democracy, even though the legal framework is new, Bangladesh is doing much better. It's recent report places Bangladesh on the 18th position out of 98 countries in the world. Despite this, it must also be acknowledged that in terms of implement, there are still avenues for improvements.
Sources:
(1) Syeed Ahmed, CEO of Institute of Informatics and Development, 12 July, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
(2) Anonymous, government official, 22 June, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh."
"Belgium","ODB.2013.C.INIT",8,"There is a national(1) & and different local (2) open data initiatives with resources behind it, including dedicated staff and budgets. There is an explicit commitment to open data from local & national politicians who advocate for the issue (3)in different events. Furthermore, a number of policy statements are accessible (4)
All sources accessed week 26
(1)http://data.gov.be/fr
(2)http://www.opendataforum.info/ & http://opendata.awt.be/
(3)http://www.datadays.eu/open-belgium/
(4) http://www.creativewallonia.be/home/c-est-quoi/le-plan-creative-wallonia/introduction.htm?lng=fr & http://www.bestuurszaken.be/vlaamse-overheid-kiest-voor-open-data"
"Belgium","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",8,"There are coordinated campaign(s) calling for open data (1) or working with governments (2) to promote open data (3). There are several engaged groups using open government data, and outreach events (4) (5) and activities may be conducted to promote use of open data .
All sources accessed week 26
(1)http://www.corve.be/producten/magda-diensten/index.php & http://opendata.bruxelles.be/page/home/
(2)http://openaccess.be/open-data/
(3)http://openbelgium.be/ & http://www.creativecommons.be/fr/node/57
(4)http://hackathonegovwallonia.net/
(5) http://okfn.be/"
"Belgium","ODB.2013.C.CITY",4,"The government has made a substantial commitment to support a culture of innovation with open data (1), including significant incentives and supporting a range of different activities (2). These include events targeting private sector use (3) of open data. It also includes some financial incentives that include but are not specific to open data (4).
All sources accessed week 26
(1) http://jeudisdulibre.be/2013/06/03/mons-le-20-juin-open-data-donnees-publiques-et-la-wallonie-dans-tout-ca/ & https://www.cetic.be/Quelques-enseignements-apres-deux
(2)https://twitter.com/HackathonWeGov
(3)http://www.smalsresearch.be/open-data-et-egovernment-au-dela-des-idees-recues-quelques-bonnes-pratiques/
(4)e.g : http://www.creativewallonia.be/actualites/~boost-up-industries-creatives-entame-sa-6e-edition.htm?lng=fr"
"Belgium","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",8,"All of the largest cities (1) and regions (2) (3)in the country have open data initiatives. A significant number of these have strong political backing and are well resourced.
All sources accessed week 26
(1)http://opendata.bruxelles.be/page/home/ - http://opendata.antwerpen.be/ - http://data.gent.be/
(2)http://www.opendataforum.info/
(3)http://opendata.awt.be/"
"Belgium","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",6,"A number of training is available, either through world class universities, or dedicated to a type of public data (1) (2). A number of resources does point to related practical informations and/or providers (3)
All sources accessed week 26
(1) http://urlab.be/
(2) http://publicdata.belgium.be/fr/actualites/130/17-12-2013/formation-open-data-en-belgique-4-d-cembre-2013
(3)http://hackerspaces.org/wiki/Belgium & http://www.cirb.irisnet.be/ & http://be.smile.eu/ &"
"Belgium","ODB.2013.I.GOV",2,"A number of data on companies is now accessible since May the 9th 2014 (1) after the ministry of finance made them open.
The impact on government efficiency cannot really be assessed. Nonetheless, it's a pace to accessibility and transparency. Likewise, the Belgium officials are getting more and more aware of the ""value"" of open data (2) and are thus really supporting the use of such tools to increase government efficiency.
(1) Paquay, Maxime Open data: ouvre-t-on l'accès aux données publiques en Belgique? RTBF - 27/01/2014 - http://www.rtbf.be/info/belgique/detail_open-data-ouvre-t-on-l-acces-aux-donnees-publiques-en-belgique?id=8186251
(2)Doucet, Brigitte - Kenneth Cukier: attention, données vivantes! - Regional IT - 13/05/2014 - http://www.regional-it.be/2014/05/13/cukier-revolution-big-data/"
"Belgium","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",4,"The different Belgium local and Federal authorities are aware that enhancing open data use will enhance transparency (1) & (2) as the state reform relies on the use of open data to better citizens participations (3). However, use cases are still needed, though some example, such as the real time availability of education public service jobs play a role in enhanced competition in recruitments, thus helping to reduce nepotism risks (4).
(1) http://www.ensemblesimplifions.be/
(2) http://www.corve.be/producten/magda-diensten/index.php
(3) L'open data, la participation citoyenne par les données - Technocité - 14/11/2013 - http://www.technocite.be/index.php/fr/blog/88-blog-it-jeu-video-formation-div/198-lopen-data-la-participation-citoyenne-par-les-donnees - http://www.absp-cf.be/spip.php?article332
(4) http://www.etnic.be/index.php?m=etnic_serv_helpdesk"
"Belgium","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Environmental open-data is getting more and more accessible (1)(2) but the impact on environmental sustainability in the country has yet to be demonstrated.
(1)http://portal.openbelgium.be/dataset?tags=environnement
(2) http://environnement.wallonie.be/rapports/dpe/iew/acces_info.htm"
"Belgium","ODB.2013.I.INC",3,"Debates around the fact that open-data could be used for inclusion do exist (1)and a number of use cases illustrate the action (2). In Huy, open and free access to e-learning tools have been negotiated (3) and an e-inclusion plan is on the way (4)
(1) Viseur, Robert - Open data, un préalable au développement des territoires de demain ? - May 2013 - Proceedings - https://www.cetic.be/Open-data-un-prealable-au
(2) e.g : the project ""qui a charge d'ame"" or inclusion of limitedly mobile individuals - Hackhaton mobility 2014 - http://www.mukundwa.be/anathalietm/?q=node/139
(3)Manise, Jean-Luc - Colloque fracture numérique: les TIC au service de l’inclusion - Regional IT - 27/02/2014- http://www.regional-it.be/2014/02/27/fracture-numerique-inclusion/
(4) Brotcorne, Périne ; Valenduc, Gérard - Propositions pour un plan nationale ‐ inclusion horizon 2020 - 12/2013 - http://www.mi-is.be/sites/default/files/doc/propositions_pour_un_plan_national_e-inclusion_horizon_2020.pdf"
"Belgium","ODB.2013.I.ECON",5,"A quite important number of innovative and new business do quote or use open data in their revenue model (1). An advocacy group, the Agora Alliance (2)brings together local companies for which the use of open data is paramount.
(1) http://www.startupheroes.be/ (e.g : adenum, peignoire et panda...)
(2) http://www.agoria.be/www.wsc/rep/prg/ApplContent?ENewsID=91498&TopicID=9881&TopicList=9881 & http://www.regional-it.be/2014/03/07/big-data-innovation-wallonie/"
"Belgium","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",4,"Initiatives like Appsforghent (1) contain a number of tools based on open data and a bringing together apps builder and interested companies (2). A number of tools using web data are being presented as potential economic role model (3).
(1) http://appsforghent.be/
(2)http://www.ghentwebvalley.eu/?s=open+data
(3)http://openbelgium.be/2014/05/applab2/"
"Belgium","ODB.2013.C.DPL",9,"A legal data protection framework exists (1) since 1992. It provides the right of choice/consent to individuals, provides the right to access (2), correct, supress (4) one's personal data, imposes clear responsibilities on information holders and provides a right of redress against both private and public bodies that violate data privacy.
All sources accessed week 25
(1)http://www.privacycommission.be/fr/la-loi-vie-privee
(2)http://www.privacycommission.be/fr/exercice-droit-acces
(3)http://www.privacycommission.be/fr/exercice-droit-opposition
(4)http://www.privacycommission.be/fr/droit-a-loubli-details"
"Belgium","ODB.2013.C.RTI",8,"Belgium signed the Council of Europe Convention on Access to Official Documents (1) which implies swift and easy access to local (2) and federal government (3) information. Citizens generally receive responses within 30 days, and responses are typically of acceptable quality. There is no Freedom of Information Act per se but right to access to administrative document has been added into the constitution in 1993 (Article 32)(4). Each official community in Belgium (Wallonia-Brussels Federation, Flemish Community, German-speaking Community of Belgium) has its own FOI commission.
All sources accessed week 25
(1) http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/205.htm
(2)http://www.bruxelles.irisnet.be/a-propos-de-la-region/le-ministere-de-la-region-de-bruxelles-capitale/secretariat-general/gestion-des-ressources-humaines/direction-de-la-fonction-publique-1/commission-dacces-aux-documents-administratifs
(3)http://www.elections.fgov.be/index.php?id=2404 & http://www.simplification.be/
(4) All related legal texts http://www.elections.fgov.be/index.php?id=2362&L=0
""The Article 32 of the Constitution was amended in 1993 to include a right of access to documents held by the government.[1] The 1994 April 11th law on publicity of information of the administration [2] states that everyone has the right to file requests for information to federal administrative authorities which must reply to the request in a timeframe of 30 days. Article 3 and article 12 establish that fees can be charged for copies. A decree [3] states that reasonable fees can be charged for copies [4]. Citizens can appeal the decision of administrations in the Commission for Access and reuse of administrative documents. [5] They can after appeal the decision to the Council of the State. [6] However, RTI rating attributes a score of 60/150 for Belgium [7] putting the country in the bottom 10 of the rating [8]. Also, according to the reviewer, though the federal FOI law exists since 1993, but there is not much information on how the law actually functions in reality.
--
[1] http://www.senate.be/doc/const_fr.html
[2] http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/change_lg.pl?language=fr&la=F&cn=1994041151&table_name=loi
[3] http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/change_lg.pl?language=fr&la=F&table_name=loi&cn=2007081758
[4] http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/index.php?id=2990&L=2
[5] http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/index.php?id=2358&L=2
[6] http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/index.php?id=2320&L=2
[7] http://www.rti-rating.org/view_country.php?country_name=Belgium
[8] http://www.rti-rating.org/country_rating.php""
-Tim Davies"
"Benin","ODB.2013.C.INIT",0,"(1) Anonymous, Executive manager for promoting open sources and open data towards youths, Private sector representative, June 24th, 2014 Cotonou Benin
(2) Anonymous, Communication networks specialist, private sector, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(3) Anonymous, Educational psychologist- journalist specializing in Web accessibility for disabled persons, NGO representative, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(4) Anonymous, Journalist reporter, private sector, June 25th, 2014, Cotonou,Benin
(5) International open data day Benin 2014, http://www.agentic.bj/index.php option=com_content&view=article&id=194&lang=en&Itemid=, accessed June 25th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin"
"Benin","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",0,"(1) Anonymous, Executive manager for promoting open sources and open data towards youths, Private sector representative, June 24th, 2014 Cotonou Benin
(2) Anonymous, Communication networks specialist, private sector, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(3) Anonymous, Educational psychologist- journalist specializing in Web accessibility for disabled persons, NGO representative, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(4) Anonymous, Journalist reporter, private sector, June 25th, 2014, Cotonou,Benin"
"Benin","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"(1) Anonymous, Executive manager for promoting open sources and open data towards youths, Private sector representative, June 24th, 2014 Cotonou Benin
(2) Anonymous, Communication networks specialist, private sector, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(3) Anonymous, Educational psychologist- journalist specializing in Web accessibility for disabled persons, NGO representative, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(4) Anonymous, Journalist reporter, private sector, June 25th, 2014, Cotonou,Benin"
"Benin","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"(1) Anonymous, Executive manager for promoting open sources and open data towards youths, Private sector representative, June 24th, 2014 Cotonou Benin
(2) Anonymous, Communication networks specialist, private sector, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(3) Anonymous, Educational psychologist- journalist specializing in Web accessibility for disabled persons, NGO representative, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(4) Anonymous, Journalist reporter, private sector, June 25th, 2014, Cotonou,Benin
(5) AGenTiC, Agency for new technology and management of Information and Communication announcements, International Open dataDay Benin 2014: Vers la création d’une platform de données ouvertes au Bénin, http://www.agentic.bj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=194&lang=en&Itemid= accessed June 25th, 2014, Cotonou,Benin"
"Benin","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",0,"(1) Anonymous, Executive manager for promoting open sources and open data towards youths, Private sector representative, June 24th, 2014 Cotonou Benin
(2) Anonymous, Communication networks specialist, private sector, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(3) Anonymous, Educational psychologist- journalist specializing in Web accessibility for disabled persons, NGO representative, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(4) Anonymous, Journalist reporter, private sector, June 25th, 2014, Cotonou,Benin"
"Benin","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"(1) Open data Institute, Open Data Barometer 2013, http://www.opendataresearch.org/dl/odb2013/Open-Data-Barometer-2013-Global-Report.pdf, accessed June 25th, 2014
(2) Anonymous, Executive manager for promoting open sources and open data towards youths, Private sector representative, June 24th, 2014 Cotonou Benin
(3) Anonymous, Communication networks specialist, private sector, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(4) Anonymous, Researcher in Economy, University of Abomey-Calavi, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin"
"Benin","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"(1) Open data Institute, Open Data Barometer 2013, http://www.opendataresearch.org/dl/odb2013/Open-Data-Barometer-2013-Global-Report.pdf, accessed June 25th, 2014
(2) Anonymous, Executive manager for promoting open sources and open data towards youths, Private sector representative, June 24th, 2014 Cotonou Benin
(3) Anonymous, Communication networks specialist, private sector, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(4) Anonymous, Researcher in Economy, University of Abomey-Calavi, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin"
"Benin","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"(1) Open data Institute, Open Data Barometer 2013, http://www.opendataresearch.org/dl/odb2013/Open-Data-Barometer-2013-Global-Report.pdf, accessed June 25th, 2014
(2) Anonymous, Executive manager for promoting open sources and open data towards youths, Private sector representative, June 24th, 2014 Cotonou Benin
(3) Anonymous, Communication networks specialist, private sector, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(4) Anonymous, Coordinator, NGO representative, June 26th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin"
"Benin","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"(1) Open data Institute, Open Data Barometer 2013, http://www.opendataresearch.org/dl/odb2013/Open-Data-Barometer-2013-Global-Report.pdf, accessed June 25th, 2014
(2) Anonymous, Executive manager for promoting open sources and open data towards youths, Private sector representative, June 24th, 2014 Cotonou Benin
(3) Anonymous, Communication networks specialist, private sector, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(4) Anonymous, Educational psychologist- journalist specialized on Web accessibility for disabled persons, NGO representative, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin"
"Benin","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"(1) Open data Institute, Open Data Barometer 2013, http://www.opendataresearch.org/dl/odb2013/Open-Data-Barometer-2013-Global-Report.pdf, accessed June 25th, 2014
(2) Anonymous, Executive manager for promoting open sources and open data towards youths, Private sector representative, June 24th, 2014 Cotonou Benin
(3) Anonymous, Communication networks specialist, private sector, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(4) Anonymous, Researcher in Economy, University of Abomey-Calavi, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin"
"Benin","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"(1) Open data Institute, Open Data Barometer 2013, http://www.opendataresearch.org/dl/odb2013/Open-Data-Barometer-2013-Global-Report.pdf, accessed June 25th, 2014
(2) Anonymous, Executive manager for promoting open sources and open data towards youths, Private sector representative, June 24th, 2014 Cotonou Benin
(3) Anonymous, Communication networks specialist, private sector, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(4) Anonymous, Marketing officer, private sector, June 25th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin"
"Benin","ODB.2013.C.DPL",5,"(1) Commission National pour la Protection des données personnelles, Loi 2009-09 portant protection des données à caractère personnel en republique du Benin (National Committee for the Protection of Personal Data, Law no. 2009-09 on the protection of personal data in the Republic of Benin), http://cnilbenin.bj/images/Texte/Loi%20No%202009%20du%2022Mai%202009%20Version%20Anglaise.pdf accessed 19th June, 2014
(2) La Presse du Jour, Junior Fatongninougbo, Protection des données à caractère personnel : La Cnil sensibilise les responsables de traitement des fichiers, March 11th, 2014, http://www.lapressedujour.net/?p=32328, accessed 19th June, 2014
(3) Anonymous, Executive manager for promoting open sources and open data towards youths, Private sector representative, June 24th, 2014 Cotonou Benin
(4) Anonymous, Communication networks specialist, private sector, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(5) Anonymous, Educational psychologist- journalist specializing in Web accessibility for disabled persons, NGO representative, June 24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(6) Anonymous, Journalist reporter, private sector, June 25th, 2014, Cotonou,Benin"
"Benin","ODB.2013.C.RTI",2,"(1) e-Regulations Benin, Benin information portal for administrative procedures, http://benin.eregulations.org/ accessed 19th June, 2014
(2) High Authority of Audiovisual Communication, presentation and mission, http://www.haacbenin.org/rubrique-Pre.php3 consulted on June 18, 2013
(3) Anonymous, Communication networks specialist, private sector, June24th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(4) Anonymous, journalist , media representative, June 25th, 2014, Cotonou, Benin
(5) Anonymous, Journalist reporter, private sector, June 22nd , 2014, Cotonou,Benin
(6) Anonymous, Technical Inspector of telecommunications, National telecommunications operator official, June 19th , 2014 Cotonou, Bénin"
"Botswana","ODB.2013.C.INIT",2,"On June 24 2014, it was reported that the Botswana Innovation Hub, in conjunction with the e-Government Unit in the Office of the President, have agreed to conduct a diagnostic study to assess the capability of Botswana, inside and outside the government, to implement an Open Data program. The assessment will include an Action Plan, which will provide recommendations on utilizing Open Data to stimulate business innovation and new business creation, especially in the ICT and small business sectors. The study is to be conducted in partnership with the World Bank and the Partnership for Open Data (1). The Botswana Parliament has made an initiative called Botswana Speaks where it interacts especially with young people through the platform (2).
Sources
(1) http://www.bih.co.bw/detail.php?id=220 accessed 14 August 2014.
(2) http://www.botswanaspeaks.org/main accessed 14 August 2014."
"Botswana","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",0,"There is no local training on open data issues. The Botswana Innovation Hub provides some support to entrepreneurs but not specifically on Open Data (2). The University of Botswana provides general computer science and information systems qualifications but nothing related to open data (1).
(1) http://www.ub.bw/programdet/pid/202//Master-of-Science-Degree-with-specializations-in-Computer-Science-and-Computer-Information-Systems/; http://www.ub.bw/programdet/pid/94//Bachelor-of-Information-Systems-(Business-Information-Systems)/ accessed 26 August 2014.
(2) http://www.bih.co.bw/bih-content.php?page=Our%20Offer accessed 26 August 2014."
"Botswana","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",2,"There have been some interactions through the Botswana Speaks parliament programme (2). However, in general there is little evidence of demand for open data. For example, it was not mentioned in the proceedings of the recent E-Government Strategy Stakeholders' Conference (1).
(1) http://www.gov.bw/Global/Portal%20Team/eGovt%20Stakeholders%20Conference%20Proceedings_Final%20Report%20without%20Annexes.pdf
(2) www.botswanaspeaks.org"
"Botswana","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"The government has established The Botswana Innovation Hub (1), which helped launch the recent Open Data readiness assessment (1). However, as the initiative is at a very early stage, specific interventions to support innovation based on open data cannot yet be identified.
(1) http://theodi.org/news/open-data-readiness-assessment accessed 13 August 2014.
(2) http://www.bih.co.bw/ accessed 26 August 2014."
"Botswana","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"There is no evidence of any cities running their own open data initiatives, although Gaborone City Council does have a Facebook page (1). Most other local authorities have no internet presence, and the few exceptions do not publish open data (2).
Sources
(1) https://www.facebook.com/pages/Gaborone-City-Council/198104206972335 accessed 26 August 2014.
(2) http://www.cdc.gov.bw/ accessed 26 August 2014."
"Botswana","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"The Open Data Initiative is only under consideration; therefore there is no impact as yet."
"Botswana","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"The Open Data Initiative is only under consideration; therefore there is no impact as yet."
"Botswana","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"The Open Data Initiative is only under consideration; therefore there is no impact as yet."
"Botswana","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"The Open Data Initiative is only under consideration; therefore there is no impact as yet."
"Botswana","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"The Open Data Initiative is only under consideration; therefore there is no impact as yet."
"Botswana","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"The Open Data Initiative is only under consideration; therefore there is no impact as yet."
"Botswana","ODB.2013.C.DPL",1,"There is no Data Protection Act in Botswana yet, although the government has expressed an intention to pass one (1). The drafts so far are largely in line with international norms (2).
(1) http://www.gazettebw.com/?p=1135
(2) https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCMQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.bw%2FGlobal%2FPortal%2520Team%2FICT%2520Pitso%25202012%2520Presentations%2FE%2520-%2520LEGISLATION%2520-%2520ICT%2520PITSO%25202012%2520LEGAL%2520FRAMEWORK.ppt&ei=beL9U4HxKsbPaLzNgpgB&usg=AFQjCNEg47Kqvwz496Cn6n86arpcINdkyw&bvm=bv.74035653,d.d2s"
"Botswana","ODB.2013.C.RTI",1,"While press freedom is not explicitly guaranteed in the constitution, clauses guaranteeing freedoms of speech and expression undergird extensive legal protections for media outlets, and the government generally respects these freedoms in practice (1). However, Botswana does not have a freedom of information law, and critics accuse the government of excessive secrecy. The President rarely holds domestic press conferences, for example (2). There was a draft bill that was rejected by parliament in 2012.
(1) http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2012/botswana#.U-4c1PmSzoY
(2) http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2014/botswana-0#.U_3guvldWZg
(3) http://www.article19.org/data/files/pdfs/laws/botswana-freedom-of-information-bill.pdf"
"Brazil","ODB.2013.C.INIT",6,"There is a catalog of data where the federal entities may voluntarily include their data sets (1) and working groups for the creation of the National Infrastructure for Open Data (INDA) (2), not yet completed. Some advance has been also done at the local level. In parallel, the Ministry of Planning has created its plan of open data and a manual to other agencies to create their plans to open data (3). Still, despite being a member of OGP (Open Government Partnership) (4), for activists, it is behind in open data policy (5).
##Sources
(1): http://dados.gov.br/ Accessed 16th May 2014.
(2): http://wiki.gtinda.ibge.gov.br/ Accessed 16th May 2014.
(3): http://www.planejamento.gov.br/editoria.asp?p=editoria&index=115&ler=c818 Accessed 16th May 2014.
(4): http://www.opengovpartnership.org/countries Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(5): http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/pesquisa-e-inovacao/noticia/2014-01/ativistas-acreditam-que-brasil-esta-atrasado-na-politica-de Accessed 29th Jul 2014."
"Brazil","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",5,"Open Knowledge Brasil has a list of projects of professionals engaging with open data (1) and there are listed only 10 applications created by society in government open data portal (2). Orçamento ao seu Alcance is a example of how professionals can promote data visualisation for citizens (3). There are others isolated civil society initiatives like School of Data (4) and Taking Care of My Neighborhood (5).
##Sources
(1): http://br.okfn.org/projetos/ Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(2): http://dados.gov.br/aplicativos/ Accessed 16th May 2014.
(3): http://orcamento.inesc.org.br/ Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(4): http://escoladedados.org/ Accessed 3th Jul 2014.
(5): http://cuidando.org.br/ Accessed 3th Jul 2014."
"Brazil","ODB.2013.C.CITY",4,"For the period May 2013 to May 2014, the following competitions open data organized by the government with civil society participation was found:
- Hackathon Rio de Janeiro 1746*, Aug 2013, City Governement of Rio de Janeiro (1);
- 1st Hackday + Hackathon of the State Government*, October 2013, State Government of Minas Gerais (2);
- 1st Hackathon House of Representatives*, Oct 2013, Câmara dos Deputados in Brasília city (3);
- 2nd Basic Education Data Hackathon, May 2014, INEP and Lemann Foundation in Brasília city (4);
- Marathon Hacker of Civil Society Organizations*, May 2014, Federal Governement in Brasília City (5).
Also there is public policy free capacitation course by W3C Brasil and federal comptroller (CGU) (6)(7).
* can be temporarily suspended due laws for the electoral period in Brazil and will only be available for consultation in October
##Sources
(1): http://www.rio.rj.gov.br/web/hackathon Accessed 16th May 2014.
(2): http://www.movimentominas.mg.gov.br/hackathon-mg/ Accessed 16th May 2014.
(3): http://edemocracia.camara.gov.br/web/hackathon Accessed 16th May 2014.
(4): http://hackathondadoseducacionais.org.br/ Accessed 16th May 2014.
(5): http://www.participa.br/osc/hackathon Accessed 16th May 2014.
(6): http://www.cgu.gov.br/governoaberto/noticias/28112013.asp Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(7): http://www.ep.org.br/curso/56 Accessed 29th Jul 2014."
"Brazil","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",6,"Using the Google search engine to search for ""open data site: gov.br"" and analyzing first ten pages of search (1), the following open data portals were found that are being run by local government; we discarded portals that just explained open data:
- Curitiba city (2);
- Distrito Federal city (3);
- Novo Hamburgo city (4);
- Porto Alegre city (5);
- Recife city (6);
- Rio de Janeiro city (7);
- State of Pernambuco (8).
The initiatives are being run mostly by the government, although in an initial level. Both the websites and datasets are not developed as the ones found in the federal level.
##Sources
(1): http://www.google.com.br Accessed 16th May 2014.
(2): http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/conteudo/dados-abertos-inicial/1497 Accessed 16th May 2014.
(3): http://www.dadosabertos.df.gov.br/ Accessed 16th May 2014.
(4): https://dados.novohamburgo.rs.gov.br/ Accessed 16th May 2014.
(5): http://dados.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/ Accessed 16th May 2014.
(6): http://dados.recife.pe.gov.br/ Accessed 16th May 2014.
(7): http://data.rio.rj.gov.br/ Accessed 16th May 2014.
(8): http://www.dadosabertos.pe.gov.br Accessed 16th May 2014."
"Brazil","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",6,"In open data portals visited, were found manuals on how to download the data. No material taught to use the data was found. But in School of Data (1) there are training about open data, data analysis, data journalism and scraping data. Others two similar cases were found (2)(3). These examples refer mainly to open data comprehension. There are still other activities one should consider for fostering an open data culture (e.g., web/mobile programming) where significant training programs were not found.
Several institutions are offering training in different areas relating to open data, but courses are available with no connection between them.
##Sources
(1): http://escoladedados.org/manual/cursos/ Accessed 3th Jul 2014.
(2): http://www.ppgcinf.fci.unb.br/index.php/noticias/735-curso-on-line-de-publicacao-de-dados-abertos Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(3): http://www.ep.org.br/curso/56 Accessed 29th Jul 2014."
"Brazil","ODB.2013.I.GOV",1,"According to Tygel (1) usage analysis in the case of Brazil would be hampered by the short period of data availability and low number of available datasets.
In the 2nd National Meeting on Open Data on November 2013 (2), were built a network of relationships, programs, one multilingual open data portal, among other things, but no indicators for measuring impact of open government data were discussed (3). The discussion about open data is starting in Brazil, where we think how civil society will take ownership of government data, not how the government will reuse the analyzes produced by civil society to discover the most urgent or required demands.
Accordingly to the Open data, public budget and its relations to people’s rights in Brazil study (5) “While having taken giants steps in the last couple of years open data has yet to fully catch fire in Brazil , […] the reality is that most public agencies are opening their data because they have to comply with transparency laws and associated normative instructions. ” (4) There are indications of improvement in public policy (5) but need more research and monitoring to understand more precisely over long periods of time (6)(7).
##Sources
(1): Tygel, A. F. 2014. Ferramentas para Uso e Publicação de Dados Abertos por Movimentos Sociais: uma abordagem participativa (doctoral qualifying). http://cirandas.net/alantygel/academico/alan-tygel-qualificacao.pdf Accessed 4th Jul 2014.
(2): http://2.encontro.dados.gov.br/ Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(3): http://www.od4d.org/2014/02/25/produtos-e-resultados-do-projeto/ Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(4): (page 9) http://www.undpegov.org/sites/undpegov.org/files/Brazil-OD-2013-05-29.pdf Accessed 12th Ago 2014
(5): (Box 5, page 84) http://www.opendataresearch.org/sites/default/files/publications/Inesc_ODDC_English.pdf Accessed 12th Ago 2014
(6): http://www.opendataresearch.org/sites/default/files/publications/JCV%20-%20Open%20Cities%20%281%29.pdf Accessed 12th Ago 2014
(7): http://www.opendataresearch.org/sites/default/files/publications/GPOPAI%20-%20poster-final-BR.pdf Accessed 12th Ago 2014"
"Brazil","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"It is known that in 2012, through the OpenSpending tool - now a discontinued project - (1) serious errors found in publication of government spending, forcing the Brazilian government to correct such information, but this impact is outside the period of this research. The developers of the site discontinued the monitoring of public accounts, news about it still can be found (2).
The initiative Taking Care of My Neighborhood (3) is about transparency and accountability but studies about noticeable impact were not found. The initiative Orçamento ao seu Alcance have the goal to facilitate the access of citizens and civil society organizations to data from the federal budget (4), but they use open budget data of mandatory publication by law since 2009 (5), not found noticeable impact on increasing transparency and accountability.
Quantitative research also shows that governments in Brazil fail to publish budget data compared to the eight principles of open data (6).
##Sources
(1): http://www.paraondefoiomeudinheiro.org.br/ (discontinued ), Accessed 15th Jun 2014
(2): http://carreirasolo.org/novas/para-onde-foi-o-meu-dinheiro#.U9nCthtaEpQ Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(3): http://cuidando.org.br/ Accessed 3th Jul 2014.
(4): http://orcamento.inesc.org.br/sobre-o-projeto Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(5): http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/lcp/lcp131.htm Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(6): (Table 8) http://www.opendataresearch.org/sites/default/files/publications/Inesc_ODDC_English.pdf Accessed 12th Ago 2014"
"Brazil","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"According Article19 (1), on the case of Belo Monte, the lack of information made it impossible for the Brazilian population fully opine on the project. They report that civil society calls for the implementation of Principle 10 of the ECO-92, which deals with access to environmental information. The Ministry of Environment has a menu for Information Access in its website (2), but no open data found, the pages visited are informative; the transparency page is broken (3). The initiative InfoAmazonia (4), that plot maps about many aspects of Amazonia (forced labor, deforestation, mining zones), don't use data from Ministry of Environment. InfoAmazonia don't use data about environment sustainability.
##Sources
(1): Dia Mundial do Meio Ambiente: a importância do acesso à informação. http://artigo19.org/?p=4920 Accessed 3th Jul 2014.
(2): http://www.mma.gov.br/acesso-a-informacao/ Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(3): http://www.mma.gov.br/transparencia/ Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(4): http://infoamazonia.org/pt/datasets/ Accessed 29th Jul 2014."
"Brazil","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"According Tygel (1) usage analysis in the case of Brazil would be hampered by the short period of data availability and low number of available datasets. One proposal of this work is the definition of indicators to measure the effectiveness of the provision of open data and use of these data by social movements (page 68). Other works that propose to measure impact indicators were not found, this discussion is still very new.
##Source
(1): Tygel, A. F. 2014. Ferramentas para Uso e Publicação de Dados Abertos por Movimentos Sociais: uma abordagem participativa (doctoral qualifying). http://cirandas.net/alantygel/academico/alan-tygel-qualificacao.pdf Accessed 4th Jul 2014."
"Brazil","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"The Government of Minas Gerais created Data Viva portal (1) with economic data from Brazil, but there are no reports of impact yet. Similar initiative by other governments were not found. Activists believe that Brazil is behind in open data policy (2)
##Sources
(1): http://dataviva.info Accessed 15th Jun 2014
(2): http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/pesquisa-e-inovacao/noticia/2014-01/ativistas-acreditam-que-brasil-esta-atrasado-na-politica-de Accessed 12th Ago 2014"
"Brazil","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",1,"The QEdu portal gathers information about brazilian education (1), a partnership among Merrit company and Lemman Foundation. Merrit (2) provides educational services. Apparently open data is part of Merrit business model. No other similar case was found.
##Sources
(1): http://www.qedu.org.br Accessed 15th Jun 2014
(2): http://meritt.com.br Accessed 15th Jun 2014"
"Brazil","ODB.2013.C.DPL",4,"Privacy protections are provided for in Article 43 of the Law No. 8.078 of 11 September 1990 on Consumer Protection (5) and Article V of the Constitution (6). The enforcement of data privacy rights is set out by the articles 150~153 of the Brazilian Penal Code, and are referred to competent judges within the Brazilian magistrates. In Marco Civil da Internet Law (1), art 7, is established that the data of a citizen can not be provided to third parties, including connection logs, and access to Internet applications, except in the cases provided by law by court order. This law also order companies to inform if and which data are storage in theirs systems (2). Law No. 12,737 typifies cybercrimes and establish punishments (3). A personal data protection law is under construction (4).
The Brazilian legislative has been studying the draft proposal on a personal data protection law, which includes, inter alia, the creation of the National Commission of the Protection of Personal Data. The draft includes clauses and sections on treatment of personal data both in the private and public sectors, as well as takes into consideration data transfer in the transboundary context. The draft makes distinctions in the existing typology of data, including transformational nature of data and databanks vis-a-vis technological advancements as to extend protection to all formats. The draft legislation is available on the Governmental portal on access to information (7), however, passage of this legislation has been slow (8).
Issues about right of redress were not found.
##Sources
(1): http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2011-2014/2014/lei/l12965.htm Accessed 15th June 2014.
(2): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Civil_Rights_Framework_for_the_Internet Accessed 15th June 2014.
(3): http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2011-2014/2012/lei/l12737.htm Accessed 15th June 2014.
(4): http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/tec/2014/01/1402559-lei-de-protecao-de-dados-pessoais-pode-afetar-regras-da-telefonia-diz-governo.shtml Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(5): http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/LEIS/L8078.htm
(6): http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm
(7): http://www.acessoainformacao.gov.br/acessoainformacaogov/publicacoes/anteprojeto-lei-protecao-dados-pessoais.pdf
(8): http://www.taylorwessing.com/ipindex/data_protection_map.html"
"Brazil","ODB.2013.C.RTI",8,"Information Access Law (1) states that all government information is public prior, that exceptions must be declared to the public, sets deadlines and forms of requests for information by citizens. Following to the promulgation of the FOIA in 2011, applicable to the Federal, State and Municipal levels, governmental websites provide a link to a dedicated page to “access to information”, developed by the Office of the Comptroller-General (7).
The governmental body must disclose the information in 20 days, with possible exemption of more 10 days with justification. According to the law, all information should be free of charge, or if there are costs involved in the reproduction of the material (graphic, etc.) the requesting individual may be requested to covers such costs. The FOIA's articles 10-14 treat about the processing of requests and the steps (8).
Though it is a new law, you may find news reports about number of requests already made and the difficulties of implementation of such (2) (3). However, Brazil score better than some developed countries in a international Right To Information index (4).
There is also a Portal da Transparência (5) and daily information on laws, decrees etc by the Diário da União (6).
##Sources
(1): http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2011-2014/2011/lei/l12527.htm Accessed 15th June 2014.
(2): http://gregmichener.com/Leis-de-Acesso-a-Informacao-Dilemas-da-Implementacao--Artigo19.pdf
(3): http://www.acessoainformacao.gov.br/
(4): http://www.rti-rating.org/country_rating.php Accessed 29th Jul 2014.
(5): http://www.portaltransparencia.gov.br/
(6): http://dou.jusbrasil.com.br/
(7): http://www.acessoainformacao.gov.br/
(8): http://www.acessoainformacao.gov.br/acessoainformacaogov/acesso-informacao-brasil/mapa-da-lei.asp"
"Burkina Faso","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"There is an alpha version of an Open Government Data Initiative data.gov.bf announced in April 2014 and released on the 6th of June 2014 with 54 datasets (1). Official version of the platform is due to September (2). The project is leaded by the Ministry for Digital Economy(MDENP) and technically supported by the World Bank, together with the Open Data Institute. It has been launched after a first workshop in May 2013 where Kenya and Ghana Open Data initiatives have been cited as examples (3).
##Sources
(1) http://blogs.ft.com/ftdata/2014/06/06/open-data-in-burkina-faso/ Accessed on June 18th
(2) http://theodi.org/news/burkina-faso-launches-open-data-initiative-with-mentoring-from-the-odi-and-funding-from-the-world-bank Accessed on June 18th
(3) http://www.lefaso.net/spip.php?article54343 Accessed on 2014-08-27"
"Burkina Faso","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",5,"The Open Government Data Initiative is very early stage but there are civil society and information technology professionals engaging with the government(1) and working collaboratively on projects such as NENDO a web app around data on Schools(2). Among the CSOs : Open Knowledge Foundation Burkina Faso (3), Open Street Map Community (4)
##Sources
(1) http://theodi.org/news/burkina-faso-launches-open-data-initiative-with-mentoring-from-the-odi-and-funding-from-the-world-bank Accessed on June 18th
(2) http://nendo.data.gov.bf/appli_accueil.php Accessed on June 18th
(3) https://okfn.org/network/burkina-faso/ Accessed on June 18th
(4) http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/WikiProject_Burkina_Faso Accessed on June 18th"
"Burkina Faso","ODB.2013.C.CITY",1,"At this stage of the Open Data Initiative, there is no evidence of financial support from the Government for innovation though grants nor organization of competitions. We may however note that the government provided logistical and material support for the development of an open data application called NENDO(1) developed in partnership with the CSOs.
##Sources
(1) http://nendo.data.gov.bf/aPropos.php Accessed on June 19th"
"Burkina Faso","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"There is no evidence of a city or regional open data initiative."
"Burkina Faso","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",2,"Open Knowledge BF and Jokkolabs, a tech hub in Ouagagoudou, started to offer free training on data reuse using School of Data content and methodology(1). There are also some trainings on procurement's transparency (2) Apart from that there is no evidence of a larger access to training on open data in the country.
##Sources
(1) ISOC Chapter, Google group, https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/isoc-chapter-bf-projects/TEnQMrCyOaY Accessed on June 19th
(2) CIFOEB, FORMATION SUR L’ACCES A L’INFORMATION BUDGETAIRE ET LES MARCHES PUBLICS, http://www.cifoeb.org/spip.php?article177, Accessed on August 7, 2014"
"Burkina Faso","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Open Data Initiative of the Country (June 2014) is too early stage to assess any mpact on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness."
"Burkina Faso","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Open Data Initiative of the Country (June 2014) is too early stage to assess any impact on environmental sustainability in the country."
"Burkina Faso","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"Open Data Initiative of the Country (June 2014) is too early stage to assess any impact pn increasing transparency and accountability in the country."
"Burkina Faso","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Open Data Initiative of the Country (June 2014) is too early stage to assess any impact on increasing the inclusion of marginalised groups in policy making and accessing government services."
"Burkina Faso","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"Open Data Initiative of the Country (June 2014) is too early stage to assess any impact on the economy."
"Burkina Faso","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"No evidence of company using open data to build new businesses in the country"
"Burkina Faso","ODB.2013.C.DPL",4,"There is a legal framework for protection of personal data including a data protection law (1) and a operating data protection authority (2). The website of the DPA is up to date, has page dedicated to application of rights and contains activity reports for previous years.
#Sources
(1) Loi N010-2004/AN portant protection des données personnelles, http://www.afapdp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Burkina-Faso-Loi-portant-protection-des-donn%C3%A9es-%C3%A0-caract%C3%A8re-personnel-2004.pdf Accessed on June 20th, 2014
(2) Commission Informatique et Libertés, http://www.cil.bf/ Accessed on June 20th, 2014"
"Burkina Faso","ODB.2013.C.RTI",3,"The country does not have a RTI law, however there is the law 045-2009/AN on electronic communication which states in its Chapter 5 that ""administration communicates to the population, via electronic channel, essential public information ..."" (1). At local level, there is the law 055-2004/AN stipulating in its article 11 that ""Inhabitants of local administrations have the right to information on local affairs""(2). This right has been used by CSO activist to access and publish budget data (3).
##Sources
(1) Loi 045-2009/AN portant sur la règlementation des services et des transactions
électroniques au Burkina Faso, Chapitre 5, http://elearning.trree.org/pluginfile.php/34806/mod_folder/content/0/07_Loi_portant_reglementation_des_services_et_des_transactions_electroniques_au_Burkina_Faso.pdf?forcedownload=1 Accessed on June 20th
(2) LOI n°055-2004/AN du 21 décembre 2004 portant code général des
collectivités territoriales au Burkina Faso, Article 11, http://burkina24.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/LOI-n%C2%B0055-2004-AN-du-21-d%C3%A9cembre-2004.pdf Accessed on June 20th
(3) Depenses de la commune de Ouahigouya pour 2011, https://openspending.org/depenses_ouahigouya_2011 Accessed on June 20th"
"Cameroon","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",2,"A group of local CSOs including Governance Citizen Initiative and SidLab organized a Barcamp on Information Access including Open Data sessions (1) in February 2014. In a previous event on Access to Information organized in December 2013 with same CSOs and including a session on Open Data, several Ministry representatives took part (2). The ongoing project OpenSpending Cameroon launched in 2011 with the help of the Open Knowlegde aims to promote budget transparency and participatory budget (3).
(1) Cameroun : Mini Barcamp autour de l'accès à l’information et l'accès à internet, http://thesidlab.com/index.php/technology/167-cameroun-mini-barcamp-autour-de-l-acces-a-l-information-et-l-acces-a-internet Accessed on June 20th, 2014
(2) TAIGO Days 2013, http://www.citizens-governance.org/strategy_activities/taigodays.html Accessed on June 20th, 2014
(3) OpenSpending Cameroon, http://cameroon.openspending.org/fr/about.html Accessed on July 4th, 2014"
"Cameroon","ODB.2013.C.INIT",0,"There is no open government data initiative in the country. There is a initiative from the African Bank of Development to provide statistical aggregated data on a dedicated Open Data Platform for Cameroon but the website has very few datasets (1).
##Sources
(1) Portail de données du Cameroun, http://cameroon.africadata.org/ Accessed on July 4th, 2914"
"Cameroon","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"The first hackhaton in the country took place in 2013. It was organized by the Public African Institute for Computing but there is no mention of open data (1). No other evidence of grants, competitions or other support from the governement to support open data.
##Sources
(1) http://www.africt.com/2013/10/le-1er-hackathon-au-cameroun-aura-lieu-le-16-novembre-2013.html Accessed on July 4th, 2014"
"Cameroon","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"No open data initiative at local level"
"Cameroon","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",0,"No evidence of local training available for individuals or businesses."
"Cameroon","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"No evidence"
"Cameroon","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"Since 2012, there is an ongoing project from the Open Knowledge in partnership with a local CSO ASSOAL to publish budget data (1).
(1) http://cameroon.openspending.org Accessed on June 20th, 2014"
"Cameroon","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"No evidence"
"Cameroon","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No evidence"
"Cameroon","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"No evidence"
"Cameroon","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"No evidence"
"Cameroon","ODB.2013.C.DPL",1,"Personal data protection is briefly mentioned in the law on electronic communication (1). ANTIC seems to be the data protection authority but the agency is responsible for many other missions related to ICT for the government (2). Moreover website of the agency does not provide any information to citizen on personal data protection. There have been reports of politicians violating the protection of personal data by sending SMS to constituents to remind them to vote or to wish them happy new year. It was suspected that the motive was for political gain (3).
##Sources
(1) LOI N°2010/013 DU 21 DECEMBRE 2010 REGISSANT LES COMMUNICATIONS ELECTRONIQUES AU CAMEROUN, http://antic.cm/images/stories/data/IMG/pdf/cybersecurite/Loi_2013-013_communications_electroniques.pdf Accessed on June 20th, 2014
(2) ANTIC, Missions Statutaires, http://antic.cm/index.php/missionsstatutaires Accessed on June 20th, 2014
(3) Opinion: La problématique de la protection des données personnelles au Cameroun à l’ère du numérique-28 SEpt 2013, http://www.cameroon-info.net/stories/0,52399,"
"Cameroon","ODB.2013.C.RTI",0,"There is no functioning RTI law in the country. According to a 2010 IGC report(1) there are laws, regulations and directives on specific sectors such as Media or Public Services that contains reference to the right to access to information but in the absence of control and enforcement framework, the right to access information in the country seems to rely mainly on the willingness of individual civil servants to disclose the information. In 2012, there was no indication of improvement and more recent evidence could not be found.
##Sources
(1) Initiative de Gouvernance Citoyenne, IGC, 2010, Droit d'accès à l'information administrative au Cameroun, http://www.access-cameroon.org/textes/Droit_acces_info_transparence_administrative_CMR.pdf Accessed on July 3rd, 2014
(2) Cameroun-Indicators 2012, Loi sur la liberté de l’information, http://www.transparenceforestiere.info/cameroon/2012/themes/17/108/ Accessed Aug 2014"
"Canada","ODB.2013.C.INIT",7,"Canada joined the Open Government Partnership (OGP) in 2011 and currently working in its 2nd version of the OG action plan (7). The Canadian government is providing a number of initiatives and policies dealing directly with open data (1)(2). The government has also development an action plan dealing directly with how it will strategically develop and deploy open data (3), as well as a usable web portal (4). Similarly, there are a number of open data initiatives at the provincial (5) and municipal levels (6)(8).
Sources:
1. http://data.gc.ca/eng Accessed June 7, 2014
2. http://data.gc.ca/eng/open-government June 7, 2014
3. http://data.gc.ca/eng/canadas-action-plan-open-government Accessed June 7, 2014
4. http://data.gc.ca/eng August 4, 2014
5. https://www.ontario.ca/government/open-government Accessed June 7, 2014
6. http://vancouver.ca/your-government/open-data-catalogue.aspx Accessed June 7, 2014
7. http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/canada
8. http://www.kitchener.ca/en/insidecityhall/resources/FCS_Kitchener_OpenDataFrameworkIntroduction_Oct2313.pdf Accessed June 7, 2014"
"Canada","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",8,"There are many private sector actors and organizations that have engaged with the government in order to develop Canada's open data initiatives. In fact, much of the action plan and strategic rollout of open data initiatives directly target private sector organizations (2), both profit and non-profit (3)(4)(5), as a priority . Also, there was recently a process of public consultation on the OG action plan 2.0 that engaged a wide range of stakeholders (6)
Sources:
1. http://www.therecord.com/news-story/4067561-tech-leaders-embrace-open-data-movement/ Accessed June 7, 2014
2. http://actionplan.gc.ca/en/initiative-section/innovation Accessed June 7, 2014
3. http://www.nordicity.com/media/201456tuueytqetx.pdf Accessed June 7, 2014
4. http://datalibre.ca/ Accessed June 7, 2014
5. http://www.epl.ca/sites/default/files/reports/epl_open_data_report_final.pdf Accessed June 7, 2014
6. http://data.gc.ca/eng/content/open-government-action-plan-20-consultation"
"Canada","ODB.2013.C.CITY",7,"The federal and provincial governments in Canada have supported several grating or funding programs (1). Much of this funding is administered by public-private partnership organizations like CDMN (2), Communitech (3), MaRS (4), and VentureLab (5). Additionally, the federal government has sponsored hackathons and competitions in order to incentivize the use of open data for innovation, the most significant of which is the Canadian Open Data Experience [CODE] (6).
Sources:
1. http://www.databasechallenge.ca/ Accessed June 7, 2014
2. http://www.cdmn.ca/federal-budget-provides-funding-to-create-open-data-institute/ Accessed June 7, 2014
3. http://www.communitech.ca/main-communitech/federal-budget-provides-funding-to-create-open-data-institute/#.U5NHCpRdVK0 Accessed June 7, 2014
4. http://www.marsdd.com/news-and-insights/open-data-open-government-access-information-enhances-cities/
5. http://venturelab.ca/?post_type=news&p=6103 Accessed June 7, 2014
6. http://data.gc.ca/eng/canadian-open-data-experience-code August 18, 2014."
"Canada","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",8,"There are extensive open data initiatives (1) at the regional (2) and municipal (3) levels. Specific examples from big cities include Vancouver (4), Toronto (5), Montreal (6).
Source:
1. http://data.gc.ca/eng/maps/open-data-canada#SelectProvince
2. http://www.opendatawr.ca/
3. https://data.edmonton.ca/
4. http://vancouver.ca/your-government/open-data-catalogue.aspx
5. http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=1a66e03bb8d1e310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD August 4, 2014
6. http://donnees.ville.montreal.qc.ca/ August 4, 2014"
"Canada","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",7,"There are now several courses at colleges (1) and universities (2) that are beginning to address the topic of open data. Additionally, the government has identified ""open data"" as an area of investment and skill development (3)(4)(5). Other public-private partnership organizations are also providing courses and skill development programs for entrepreneurs (6).
Sources:
1. https://uwaterloo.ca/stratford-campus/conferences/code Accessed June 8, 2014
2. http://guides.library.ubc.ca/content.php?pid=492172&sid=4040700; http://library2.utm.utoronto.ca/publications/foreword/articles/volume12/issue1/open-data-and-online-learning Accessed June 8, 2014
3. http://data-carl-abrc.ca/2013/10/28/capitalizing-on-big-data-canadian-funding-agencies-launch-consultation-on-digital-scholarship/ Accessed June 8, 2014
4. http://digitalleadership.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Draft-Policy-Framework-for-DI-Jan-2014.pdf Accessed June 8, 2014
5. http://data.gc.ca/eng/advisory-panel-open-government; http://data.gc.ca/eng/open-data-101 Accessed June 8, 2014
6. http://www.marsdd.com/systems-change/data-catalyst/what-we-do/ Accessed June 8, 2014"
"Canada","ODB.2013.I.GOV",3,"Though the Canadian Government has made ""open data"" a key area of development in the hopes of increasing both efficiency and service delivery, the program seems to be too new to offer detailed case studies. There are, however, a few examples that offer a window into how efficiency/effectiveness might be enhanced via ""open data"": for example, a recent 'hackathon"" in Ottawa focused on using data to ""boost development effectiveness"" (1). While the government of Canada has also made funding commitments for open data initiatives, there has been little evidence that these have yet to contribute to either efficiency or effectiveness. There are, however, some attempts to evaluate open data/government initiatives at the provincial level, for example in British Columbia which has focused on making ""access to information"" requests more efficient/effective (2).
Sources:
1. http://cidpnsi.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/ABhushanNSI-EWBhacka-coverage-Aug2013.pdf
2. https://www.oipc.bc.ca/investigation-reports/1553"
"Canada","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",3,"Accountability and transparency have been cited as key reasons for Canada's recent open data initiatives (1)(2). In particular, Canada's transparency and accountability with respect to development aid has been noted by international non-profits (3). Similar approaches have been applied to the provisioning of health care and health information (4). Despite these initiatives, the government has still been criticized for a general lack of transparency by not providing requested data sets (5). Third parties have begun to employ open data sets to increase transparency, for example to outline exactly how tax money is spent/allotted (6), or to make open data more ""user friendly"" and accessible (7).
Sources:
1. http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/acdi-cida/ACDI-CIDA.nsf/eng/FRA-821143319-PRV
2. http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/media/nr-cp/2013/1022-eng.asp
3. http://www.international.gc.ca/media/dev/news-communiques/2013/10/24b.aspx?lang=eng
4. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/home-accueil/rto-tor/index-eng.php
5. http://www.mississauga.com/news-story/4557629-audit-slams-feds-open-data-performance/
6. http://wheredoesmymoneygo.org/
7. http://proactivedisclosure.ca/"
"Canada","ODB.2013.I.ENV",2,"Environmental data is provided via the Government of Canada's Open Data portal and contains several data sets relevant to assessments of environmental sustainability including ""wildlife indicators"" (1), ""oil sands monitoring"" (2), and fresh water lake development (3). While this data has been made available there is little evidence that it has directly contributed to any noticeable impact at this time. The Canadian Council of the Academies has laid out a set of recommendations that partly build on access to open data in order to increase environmental sustainability (4), however it is still to early to assess to what extent they will be implemented, and thus effective. One example of how open data is being deployed for environmental sustainability is ""identify soils and wet areas that are sensitive to disturbance and small water channels that are missed by traditional mapping methods"" (5).
Sources:
1. http://data.gc.ca/data/en/dataset/f30c6113-c50a-4597-a59b-19aaab8b1e5f
2. http://www.jointoilsandsmonitoring.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=074F3CAC-1&offset=1&toc=show
3. http://www.iisd.org/ela/
4. http://www.scienceadvice.ca/uploads/eng/assessments%20and%20publications%20and%20news%20releases/green_ict/greenict_execsumm_en.pdf
5. http://aesrd.wordpress.com/2013/06/05/open-data-leads-to-environmental-innovation/"
"Canada","ODB.2013.I.INC",3,"Both the federal/provincial government's recent ""open data"" initiative has been promoted as a key to expanding and making more efficient the provisioning of government services (1). For example the Aboriginal and Treaty Rights Information System which uses the open data provided by the federal government (2). Another example is the development of an app that provides key information/services to individuals suffering from mental illness (3). Community organizations have also identified the potential of open data for poverty reduction (4) and connecting housing resources with those who are homeless (5). However, the Canadian government has been criticized for its elimination of the Long Form Census data which, critics argue, would provide data that could more clearly be useful for improving services aimed at marginalised groups (5).
Sources:
1. https://www.canadianopendataexperience.com/ June 8
2. http://data.gc.ca/eng/apps/aboriginal-and-treaty-rights-information-system-atris June 8
3. http://data.gc.ca/eng/apps/ptsd-coach-canada June 8
4. http://communitydata-donneescommunautaires.ca/sites/default/files/2011_RoundtableInformationFINAL_March12011.pdf June 8
5. http://urbanopus.net/humanity-housing/ July 15
6. http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/05/10/long-form-census-canada_n_5300330.html June 8"
"Canada","ODB.2013.I.ECON",2,"Economic growth has been a key goal of the Government of Canada's recent ""open data"" initiative (1) (2). Similarly, Ontario has implemented open data initiatives in order to stimulate innovation and economic growth, for which activists, scholars, and business interests have assembled a comprehensive policy framework (3). Despite this emphasis on economic growth there has yet to be any reliable data regarding the actual impact of open data at this point although some scholars have outlined past examples of how open data could lead to considerable savings (4).
Sources:
1. http://actionplan.gc.ca/en/initiative/open-data-institute
2. http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=835379 June 10,
3. https://dr6j45jk9xcmk.cloudfront.net/documents/2428/open-by-default-2.pdf July 15
4. http://eaves.ca/2013/04/25/the-value-of-open-data-dont-measure-growth-measure-destruction/"
"Canada","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",4,"Building on the goal of economic growth as central to Canada's federal open data strategy, entrepreneurial activity has been the key area where open data is most clearly being employed (1). A number of entrepreneur focused organizations (2) funding opportunities (3) have been associated with open data. A recent competition, the DATA.BASE Challenge, was hosted by Communitech in conjunction with the federal government's open data initiative, the goal was specifically geared at stimulating entrepreneurial activity through the use of open data (4).
Sources:
1. http://globalnews.ca/news/1235122/1235122/
2. http://www.cdmn.ca/federal-budget-provides-funding-to-create-open-data-institute/
3. https://www.canadianopendataexperience.com/pages/competition
4. http://www.communitech.ca/uncategorized/data-base-challenge-inspires-students-to-creatively-innovate-with-open-data/#.U8Vp141dVK0"
"Canada","ODB.2013.C.DPL",7,"There are several legal frameworks in place to protect personal information including FIPPA (1) and PIPEDA (2). Additionally there are provincially appointed Privacy Commissioners that have advocated for protecting personal information and pursued violations of various kinds (3). The Digital Privacy Act (S-4) is curently in Parliament (4) although it has been criticized for its warrantless expansion of disclosure of personal information.
Sources:
1. http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90f31_e.htm Accessed June 6, 2014
2. http://www.priv.gc.ca/leg_c/leg_c_p_e.asp Accessed June 6, 2014
3. http://www.ipc.on.ca/english/Home-Page/ Accessed June 6, 2014
4. http://openparliament.ca/bills/41-2/S-4/ Accessed August 4, 2014
5. http://www.thestar.com/business/2014/04/11/why_the_governments_new_digital_privacy_act_puts_your_privacy_at_risk.html August 4, 2014"
"Canada","ODB.2013.C.RTI",7,"Canada has an Access to Information act which is meant to provide citizens with timely information about the activities and services of the Canadian government (1). This is implemented and overseen by the Office of the Information Commissioner of Canada (2). However, a recent audit of FOI requests has criticized the federal government, specifically the Prime Minister's office, for its reluctance to release information in digital form (3). An audit by Newspapers Canada reviewed 400 FOI requests made of a range of governments from the federal to the municipal levels and raised concerns regarding both the amount of time and cost associated with such requests (4).
Sources:
1. http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90f31_e.htm Accessed June 6, 2014
2. http://www.oic-ci.gc.ca/eng/home-accueuil.aspx Accessed June 6, 2014
3. http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2014/06/04/freedomofinformation_audit_singles_out_federal_government_as_among_the_worst.html July 14, 2014
4. http://www.newspaperscanada.ca/sites/default/files/FOI2014-FINAL.pdf"
"Chile","ODB.2013.C.INIT",7,"Since 2012, the Chilean government is part of the Open Government Partnership and has assumed certain commitments on openness related to data (1). That year, after public consultations on the matter (2), the Executive branch adopted technical norms on open data that applied to public services (3), which are required to make available data through the government's website on open data (4). This website includes also guidelines, FAQs, licensing explanations, and other relevant material for implementing open data by different public services. This initiative is led by the Unit for Modernization and E-Government of the Ministry General Secretariat of the Presidency.
In addition to the aforementioned ministerial initiative, there are other two leading government agencies working on open data. First, in the Legislative branch, the Library of the Congress has an extensive initiative dealing with legal open data, in which context they has released several data sets and models, as well as guidelines and related material (5). And, second, the Council for Transparency, an independent authority that supervises compliance with the law on public transparency, has incorporated open data as part of its commitment of transparency (6), as well as encourage other services to implement similar initiatives and citizens to take advantages from released data.
Although Chile has made significant progresses on government open data, there is still room for improvements. For instance, the former Executive implemented initiatives on the matter, however it did not adopt a legally mandatory rule on open data but a mere technical norm. As a result, open data commitments lack enforcement and lack continuity from one Executive to another. This may explain why accessible open data is still not comprehensive enough and lack uniformity on formats and timings, among other limitations.
##Sources
(1): http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/chile (last visit: June 2014)
(2): http://www.modernizacion.gob.cl/datospublicos/ Bustamante and Mancini, La Experiencia del Gobierno en datos Abiertos (2012), p. 14, available at http://www.eclac.cl/socinfo/noticias/noticias/7/46507/Presentacion_Andres_Bustamante.pdf (last visit: June 2014)
(3): http://instituciones.gobiernoabierto.cl/datos-abiertos/norma-tecnica-de-publicacion-de-datos-abiertos-de-chile.html
(4): http://datos.gob.cl/
(5): http://datos.bcn.cl/es/
(6); http://www.consejotransparencia.cl/catalogo-de-datos-abiertos/consejo/2012-12-23/040043.html"
"Chile","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",4,"It has been possible to identify some civil society organizations working on the field of open data. Among them, it is possible to highlight: Ciudadano Inteligente (in English, Intelligent Citizen), that has taken some advantages of open data to improve citizen's information in political decision making process, such as elections and evaluation of government (1); ONG Derechos Digitales (in English, Digital Rights), that has implemented open licensing system into the country, conducted studies on open access, and provided consultancy on open research data, among other (2); and, Iniciativa Datos Chile (Chile Data Initiative), that promotes access to and interoperability of public data (3).
Therefore, it is possible to identify some demand or engagement over open data from civil society , but it still remains isolated. No coordinated campaign or efforts by civil society on open data usage was identify, and the government does not engage the community regularly.
##Sources
(1): www.ciudadanointeligente.org/
(2): https://www.derechosdigitales.org/
(3): http://datosabiertos.cl/"
"Chile","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"The Chilean Economic Development Agency (CORFO), a public-sector organization dedicated to promoting private entrepreneurship, innovation and growth in the country (1), has several competitions, grants and mechanisms for supporting innovation (2), but no one of them focuses on open data. There is neither special call for proposal in the context of open data nor any identified initiative supported by CORFO on the matter. However, CORFO has supported some initiatives on open data within the government (3), as well as diffusion on open data in academic environments (4).
After conducting some research and consultancies on the matter for two years, in 2013, the (Chilean) National Commission on Science and Technology has implemented an express policy on open data that requires researchers to released data openly, in case their research has been support with public founding. It has also participated in actions of diffusion and capacity building on the matter (5).
Finally, in the context of empowering citizen with public transparency, the local Council for Transparency has made calls for projects to students in order to develop apps that take advantages from government open data. However, there is no evidence of level of success of those initiatives.
##Sources
(1): http://www.english.corfo.cl/
(2): http://www.corfo.cl/programas-y-concursos
(3): http://www.modernizacion.gob.cl/observatorio/noticias/segpres-y-corfo-lanzan-programa-piloto-de-gestion-de-innovacion-en-el-sector-publico.html
(4): https://eventioz.cl/e/escuela-de-invierno-de-datos
(5): http://www.conicyt.cl/blog/2013/07/escuela-de-invierno-de-datos-inria-chile/"
"Chile","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",1,"There is no evidence of city or regional governments running their own open data initiatives. This may be explain because the initiative of the Executive branch concentrates open data from central as well as regional government in the same website (1).
There is evidence of at least one town hall that had its own initiative on the matter: Peñalolen (2). However, that local initiative seems not having that much impulse, today. In fact, during the last year, barely uploaded two data sets, both on remunerations of local public employees (3).
##Sources
(1): http://datos.gob.cl/
(2): http://datos.penalolen.cl/
(3): http://datos.penalolen.cl/datasets/listar"
"Chile","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",5,"There is evidence of limited initiatives on training for those wishing to learn about open data. The National Commission on Science and Technology has provided some training to scientific researchers (1), while aforementioned CORFO has provided some training to journalist. Additionally, the Library of the Congress as well as the government's open data website offer some material that could be used for purpose of self-training on the matter.
##Sources
(1): http://www.conicyt.cl/blog/2013/07/escuela-de-invierno-de-datos-inria-chile/
(2): https://eventioz.cl/e/escuela-de-invierno-de-datos"
"Chile","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"Although several sources, including government websites and presentations, make general statements about the contribution of open data on increasing transparency and accountability in the country, none of them report on specific cases where open data has actually contributed to greater transparency and accountability. Neither media nor credible online sources refer similar cases. The lack of evidence, however, may be explained because of open data has become an issue of primary concern for government starting only in 2012.
However, there was a project on the evaluation of impact in policy design in judicial systems where transparency outcomes of judiciary open data can be strongly observed (1). From civil society, there's also an interesting initiative called Poderopedia (2) which provides map of relations between important persons from business, politics and other spheres of society available free of charge.
(1): http://poderopedia.com/
(2): http://www.opendataresearch.org/content/2014/658/emerging-impacts-open-data-judiciary-branches-argentina-chile-and-uruguay"
"Chile","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"As aforementioned, no evidence of release of environmental open data has been identify in the country. Neither media nor credible online sources refer cases in which pen data would had a noticeable impact on environmental sustainability in the country. This may be explained by several factors, such as the relatively novelty of government on open data initiatives, and the recent changes in the local environmental institutions, among others."
"Chile","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Although several sources, including government websites and presentations, make general statements about the contribution of open data on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness, none of them report on specific cases where open data has actually contributed to greater efficiency and effectiveness. Neither media nor credible online sources refer similar cases. The lack of evidence, however, may be explained because of open data has become an issue of primary concern for government starting only in 2012."
"Chile","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is neither claims nor evidence that open data has any noticeable impact on increasing the inclusion of marginalized groups in policy making and accessing government services. Although several sources, including government websites and presentations, make general statements about the contribution of open data on social inclusion, none of them report on specific cases where open data has actually contributed to greater social inclusion. Neither media nor credible online sources refer similar cases. The lack of evidence, however, may be explained because of open data has become an issue of primary concern for government starting only in mid 2012 and, therefore, it could be premature to assess open data impact."
"Chile","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"There is no evidence of actual impact on the economy by open data yet. Neither leading public organizations supporting open data, nor literature review support any concrete example of economic impact of open data in the country. Neither interviewed experts nor online sources could report on noticeable positive impacts on the matter."
"Chile","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",2,"Although there is no evidence of entrepreneurs using open data to build new businesses in the country, there is evidence of businesses using open data in their initiatives. For instance, electoral consulting firms that use open data released by the electoral service for providing consultancy on the matter (1).
There is also some evidence of government owned enterprises using open data for improving their services. For instances, the Santiago's metro system has developed an app that allows passengers to plan their trip in the metro system. Similarly, the capital city public transport system has an app for that purpose. Other apps developed by the government allows customers to localize oil stations and their prices for fuel, as well as pharmacies that are open to the public. Another application allows farmers to know in real time the prices of their products in the market, which empowered them for bargain sale prices with distributors. Most of those applications are available in at the government's website for pubic apps (2).
The lack of entrepreneurship based on open data in the country may be explained because of open data has become an issue of primary concern for government starting only in mid 2012 and, therefore, it could be too early yet for developments by the business sector.
##Sources:
(1): http://www.electoral.cl/frontend/index.php
(2): http://apps.gob.cl/"
"Chile","ODB.2013.C.DPL",7,"Chile adopted a comprehensive legal framework on personal data protection in 1999, becoming the first Latin American country having comprehensive legal protection for personal data (1). This law provides protection to personal data related to physical people that is being processed by private and/or public data controllers (2). Additionally, the constitution provides the right to privacy that has been broadly used for protecting personal information (3).
Applicable law grants the right of consent to data subject, except in certain limited circumstances provided by the law (4). The right to access, correct, an delete personal information is also recognized (5). Data controllers must fulfill several obligations related to safety, confidentiality, and due processing (6). In general, data controllers are liable for any damage that improper processing of personal data could produce on data subjects (7). In certain limited cases, criminal responsibility may apply (8).
However, data protection is not fully satisfactory. On one side, there are not special rules preventing exportation of personal data to unsafe countries (9). On the other side, while the is a public authority that oversees the proper processing of personal data by governmental entities, no public authority supervises law compliance by private data controllers (10).
##Sources
(1): Law No. 19.628 http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=141599
(2): Law No. 19.628, arts. 1 and 2. http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=141599
(3): 1980 Constitution, art. 19 num. 4. http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=242302
(4): Law No. 19.628, art. 4. http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=141599
(5): Law No. 19.628, art. 12. http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=141599
(6): Law No. 19.628, arts. 5 to 11. http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=141599
(7): Law No. 19.628, art. 23. http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=141599
(8): Alberto Cerda, Cyber Law in Chile, in Jos Dumortier (ed.), International Encyclopaedia of Laws: Cyber Law (Alphen aan den Rijn - The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2014), pp. 156-157.
(9): Alberto Cerda, Cyber Law in Chile, in Jos Dumortier (ed.), International Encyclopaedia of Laws: Cyber Law (Alphen aan den Rijn - The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2014), p. 143-144.
(10): Alberto Cerda, Cyber Law in Chile, in Jos Dumortier (ed.), International Encyclopaedia of Laws: Cyber Law (Alphen aan den Rijn - The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2014), p. 135."
"Chile","ODB.2013.C.RTI",8,"Since 2005, the Constitution guarantees that acts and resolutions by the government, as well as their foundations and procedures, are public (1). In 2008, Law 20.285 on Access to Public Information set forth an extensive legal framework on public transparency, the right to access public information from the Executive branch, procedure, protection, and exceptions to publicity (2). The law created the Council for Transparency, an autonomous public body that promotes transparency within the public services, supervises compliance on transparency and publicity of information by the Executive branch of the government, and guarantees the right to access to information (3).
The law imposes obligations on public services in order to proactively concretize public transparency, even without a citizen’s request, by providing certain information online. Additionally, citizens could present FOIA requests, which must be answered within 20 working days (4). Generally, the responses are of acceptable quality and provided on digital format, if requester asked for it. In case of lack of answer or deficient answer, requestor may initiated legal actions before the Council for Transparency that adjudicates these cases within reasonable time (5).
The new law has booster public transparency and the Council has played a leading role enforcing the law. According to the 2013 International Transparency Report, Chile ranks 22nd among the countries with less corruption and most transparency (6).
Although there was made significant progresses on public transparency in a short term, there are still some room for improvement. For instance, neither the law not the practice guarantee that information will be provided in an open or at least interoperable format, which reduce the opportunities of people for using the information in order to increase social accountability.
##Sources
(1): 1980 Constitution, art. 8. http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=242302
(2): Law No. 20.285. http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=276363
(3): http://www.consejotransparencia.cl/ (last visit: June 16, 2014)
(4): Law No. 20.285, arts. 10 to 23. http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=276363
(5): Law No. 20.285, arts. 24 to 30. http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=276363
(6): http://www.transparency.org/cpi2013/results (last visit: June 16, 2014)"
"China","ODB.2013.C.INIT",3,"There isn’t an open government data initiative led by the national government in China currently. However, as Rebecca Chao pointed out in her report on TechPresident, an open data moment is starting to take off and the government is playing a role in it (1).
First of all, there is an official commitment from the government to release government information. China adopted its Open Government Information Regulations (OGI Regulations) on January 17, 2007, that came into effect on May 1, 2008. The Regulations stated that the General Office of the State Council shall be the national department in charge of open government information work, responsible for promoting, guiding, coordinating and supervising open government information work throughout the whole country, and that the general offices of the local governments at the county level and above shall be responsible for such matters within their respective administrative areas (2). On March 17, 2014, the General Office of the State Council issued the third set of annual priorities for OGI work by central government departments and provinces throughout the country, aiming to enhancing transparency of government’s exercise of administrative powers, the management and use of public funds, the distribution of public resources, the delivery of public services and public supervision information including pollution data, industrial accidents, food safety and credit information, and require year-end report to the General Office on how these priorities were implemented during 2014 (3). Government releasing government information including some data without citizen request is one of the two ways of implementing the OGI Regulations.
Second, there is some open data initiative announced and resourced. Some datasets are made available online free of charge in both local and national level. According to the timeline of open data in China (government work) released by the Open Knowledge Foundation China Local Group, the first open government initiative was Shanghai’s Internal Data Directory that launched in September 2011 and listed 425 datasets by the end of 2012. The Beijing government launched Beijing’s government data portal in October 2012 listing 400 datasets to date, followed by Shanghai’s government data portal going online in December 2012 since when 206 datasets have been released. In September 2013, the National Statistic Bureau set up its data portal “National Data” offering statistic data and visualisations. Qindao City revealed its open data initiative roadmap in November 2013 (4). According to the About page of National Data, the site lists around 8,000,000 datasets including monthly, quarterly, and yearly data, as well as regional, national, and international data (5).
The Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China has built its own online data center publishing air quality data, surface water quality data and radiation environment data (6). The China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC) under the Ministry of Environmental Protection opened up the real-time data of surface water quality collected by the automatic monitoring stations located in 25 provinces and built an online system releasing the data in real time (7).
In Open Data Index 2013 released by Open Knowledge Foundation, China’s national open data had a total score of 415 (highest 940, lowest 30). Among the 10 categories of datasets assessed, government spending data and election results data are missing. Among the released datasets, all are in digital form, publicly available, free of charge, online, and up-t0-date. However, none except for the national statistics data is machine readable. The majority cannot be downloaded as a whole dataset. And none of them is openly licensed (8).
Sources:
(1) Rebecca Chao, In China, an open data movement is starting to take off, TechPresident, April 24 2014, http://techpresident.com/news/wegov/24940/China-Open-Data-Movement-Starting-Take-Off
(2) Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Open Government Information, the China Law Center, Yale Law School February 2009, http://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/Intellectual_Life/CL-OGI-Regs-English.pdf. Accessed June 04 2014.
(3) Jamie P. Horsley, ""China Deepens Its Disclosure Regime,"" on Freedominfo.org, posted April 4, 2014, http://www.law.yale.edu/images/IntellectualLife/Freedom_Info.pdf. Accessed June 04 2014.
(4) okfncn, [gov work] Open Data Timeline China, http://timemapper.okfnlabs.org/okfncn/gov-work-open-data-timeline-china
(5) 国家数据,玩转中国统计数据库-统计数据库说明,http://data.stats.gov.cn/aboutdatainfo. Accessed June 07 2014.
(6) 中华人民共和国环境保护部数据中心. http://datacenter.mep.gov.cn. Accessed June 18 2014.
(7) 国家地表水水质自动检测实时数据发布系统,http://58.68.130.147. Accessed June 18 2014.
(8) Open Knowledge Foundation, Open Data Index 2013/China, http://data.stats.gov.cn/aboutdatainfo. Accessed June 07 2014."
"China","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",6,"There is some demand and engagement over open data from individuals and communities in China. For example, Urban Data Party is a knowledge sharing community on urban data and smart cities encouraging city planners to use open data to improve urban planning (1). QingYue IT Engineers for Environment is an NGO focusing on using data to protect environment through mapping (2). The Open Knowledge Foundation China Local Group is currently on ambassador stage, i.e., individual persons acting as ambassadors working to advocate open data in three regions in China (3).
According to the open data timeline in China (community work) released by the Open Knowledge Foundation China Local Group, OKFN Local Group China was created on February 27, 2013, appointing two ambassadors: Biao XIe in Foshan, Guangdong, and Feng Gao in Shanghai. In August 2013, the first hackathon in China using open data for climate change was hold. Date from some Chinese government agencies and affiliated organisations, such as Chinese Academiy of Agricultural Sciences and the Guangdong Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, were used in the event, suggesting to a certain extent the government’s willingness to support such type of hackathon and to encourage using their data. It was followed by the Hacks/Hackers Beijing Chapter event focusing on open data in September 2013, Open Data Meetup @ Chengdu and Open Data Day Hackathon @ Beijing in February 2014. On February 22, 2014 “Open Data China” network was launched. It aims to bring together individuals, organisations and companies who are interested in open data to advocate open data, cultivate data skills, support open innovation, and to help members partner with international organisations and projects such as codeforamerica, okfn, and open data institute (4). The Open Data China network has received interest from government officials such as the IT engineer working on the open data portal in Beijing, according to Feng Gao, the OKFN ambassador in Shanghai (5).
The Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE), an NGO inaugurated in May 2006, uses government data to build national water pollution maps and air pollution maps, and establish online databases of enterprise air and water violations. One of the IPE’s mission is to facilitate government open environmental data and improve environmental transparency. The IPE has also partnered with the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) to create a Pollution Information Transparency Index (PITI) to rank 113 municipal governments across China on their levels of environmental disclosure (6) (7).
Sources:
(1) 城市数据派,派对主题,http://udparty.com/news.php?act=view&id=18
(2) 青青地图-中国环保地图互动开放平台,http://www.epmap.org/ngo/page/maps Accessed July 9, 2014.
(3) 开放知识基金会@中国,关于,http://okfncn.org/about/#sthash.9VY9ytvD.dpbs. Accessed June 08 2014.
(4) okfncn, [gov work] Open Data Timeline China, http://timemapper.okfnlabs.org/okfncn/communityopen-data-timeline-china#6. Accessed June 08 2014.
(5) Rebecca Chao, In China, an open data movement is starting to take off, TechPresident, April 24 2014, http://techpresident.com/news/wegov/24940/China-Open-Data-Movement-Starting-Take-Off, http://landing.opendatachina.com/, Accessed June 07 2014.
(6) Tan, Y. (2014). Transparency without Democracy: The Unexpected Effects of China's Environmental Disclosure Policy. Governance, 27(1), 37-62.
(7) IPE公众环境研究中心,http://www.ipe.org.cn/default.aspx Accessed July 9, 2014."
"China","ODB.2013.C.CITY",2,"There are several cases of government interventions to support a culture of innovation with open data. For example, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the first graduate school in China with the ratification of the State Council, and the National Science Library of the Chinese Academy of Science co-organised a competition called “Research Education Open Information Innovation Application Competition” during September 2013 and January 2014, aiming at supporting graduate students to use open data to develop research and education innovation (1). Beijing Information Resources Management Center organised a competition on using the open data from the Beijing government data portal (bjdata.gov.cn) for innovative application during May and July 2014 (2).
In addition to the support shown through organising competitions, the government has called for innovation through using open data on the 10th State Informatization Forum organised by the Advisory Committee for State Informatization (3).
Sources:
(1) 关于大赛|科研信息服务开放创新竞赛,http://www.openinnovation.cn/about
(2) 北京市政务数据资源网应用创意大赛,http://www.bjdata.gov.cn/tabid/128/Default.aspx
(3) 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部,第十届国家信息化专家论坛在北京召开, http://www.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11293832/n11293907/n11368223/15762857.html"
"China","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",5,"According to the timeline of open data in China (government work) released by the Open Knowledge Foundation China Local Group, the first open government initiative was Shanghai’s Internal Data Directory that launched in September 2011 and listed 425 datasets by the end of 2012. The Beijing government launched Beijing’s government data portal in October 2012 listing 400 datasets to date, followed by Shanghai’s government data portal going online in December 2012 since when 206 datasets have been released. Qindao City revealed its open data initiative roadmap in November 2013 (1). Guangzhou Municipal Committee proposed during the Two Sessions in 2014 to build Guangzhou Big Data Bureau (2). The Municipal Standing Committee of Wuhan City announced to start publishing open government data gradually, planning to provide data search and download services to citizens and industries by the end of 2015 (3).
In addition, government of each first-level administrative divisions has its statistics website that publishes monthly, quarterly, and yearly statistic data on GDP, population, CPI, trading, property pricing, consumption, education, public health care, and so on (4).
Sources:
(1) okfncn, [gov work] Open Data Timeline China, http://timemapper.okfnlabs.org/okfncn/gov-work-open-data-timeline-china Accessed July 9, 2014.
(2) 蒋隽,广州应设立大数据局,大洋新闻,February 13 2014, http://informationtimes.dayoo.com/html/2014-02/13/content_2536318.htm Accessed June 08 2014
(3) 蔡木子,武汉将分级开放政府数据 市民可通过手机查询,凤凰湖北网,April 29 2014, http://hb.ifeng.com/news/jjcs/detail_2014_04/29/2194434_0.shtml Accessed June 08 2014.
(4) 中华人民共和国国家统计局,地方统计网站,http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgz/wzlj/dftjwz/ Accessed June 08 2014."
"China","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",7,"Training on some open data issues such as web technologies, data statistics and so on is part of an established major in higher education in China, typically under computer science and Information and Communication Engineering (1) (2). In response to the rise of big data topics, departments and institutions focusing on data sciences is being built in several major universities across the country, such as Tsinghua University (3), Fudan University and Chinese Academy of Sciences (4), East China Normal University (5), and so on primarily focusing on the technical aspect of big data. The new research institute will provide courses on the technical, social, and business aspects of big data (3).
Open Data China also offers online and offline training (6).
Sources:
(1) 计算机科学与技术专业, 百度百科, http://baike.baidu.com/view/145819.htm?fromtitle=计算机科学与技术&fromid=663582&type=syn Accessed June 20 2014.
(2) 信息与通信工程, 百度百科, http://baike.baidu.com/view/1009170.htm Accessed June 20 2014.
(3) 清华大学成立数据科学研究院 培养大数据硕士, 中国新闻网,April 26 2014, http://www.chinanews.com/edu/2014/04-26/6109521.shtml Accessed June 20 2014.
(4) 复旦与中科院联合培养数据人才, 文汇报,May 30 2014, http://wenhui.news365.com.cn/html/2014-05/30/content_39.htm Accessed June 20 2014.
(5) 董少校, 华东师范大学”数据科学与工程研究院”宣告成立, 中国教育新闻网—中国教育报, September 27 2013, http://www.jyb.cn/high/gdjyxw/201309/t20130927_553771.html Accessed June 20 2014.
(6) http://opendatachina.com/ Accessed Aug 2014"
"China","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"The Public Participation Research and Support centre of Peking University conducted several projects evaluating government transparency. Based on the China Administrative Transparency Annual Watch published by the centre, transparency scores overall increased since 2009 (1). The Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE), an NGO inaugurated in May 2006, creates a Pollution Information Transparency Index (PITI) to rank 113 municipal governments across China on their levels of environmental disclosure since 2009. Transparency scores overall increased each year, though with uneven progress across cities (2). These indicate that government have been disclosing more government information and data. However, Tan (2014) found that Chinese government’s Open Environment Information (OEI) measures failed to improve government transparency especially in the most polluted areas in China (3).
There are indicators that civil society and individual citizens are using open data to make government more accountable. Some NGOs and individual citizens are checking the accurateness of government open data, particularly in the environmental sector (4). Data journalism has been attracting greater interest from media and citizens (4). However, Tan (2014) pointed out that the increasingly active civil society does not necessarily lead to effective accountability because of their little autonomy and weaknesses in the judiciary (3).
Sources:
(1) 万静, 《中国行政透明度观察报告•2011-2012年度》今天发布, 法制网, 2012-09-28, http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/index/content/2012-09/28/content_3878965.htm
(2) Anne Mills, China shows progress on environmental transparency, CleanBiz.Asia, April 22 2013, http://www.cleanbiz.asia/blogs/china-shows-progress-environmental-transparency#.U6Ry-F4dsfE. Accessed June 19 2014.
(3) Tan, Y. (2014). Transparency without Democracy: The Unexpected Effects of China's Environmental Disclosure Policy. Governance, 27(1), 37-62.
(4) Rebecca Chao, The Hunt for Open Data in China, TechPresident, September 11 2013, http://techpresident.com/news/wegov/24332/hunt-open-data-china"
"China","ODB.2013.I.ENV",1,"The China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC) under the Ministry of Environmental Protection opened up the real-time data of surface water quality collected by the automatic monitoring stations located in 25 provinces and built an online system releasing the data in real time. CNEMC claimed that there had been several cases where the open data played an important role in early warning and forecasting major water pollution accidents, solving inter-region disputes on water pollution accidents, supporting environmental assessment of major industrial projects, and ensuring the safety of public drinking water (1).
However, there is disagreement from academia. Tan (2014) found that Chinese government’s Open Environment Information (OEI) measures were weak “because of China’s fragmented bureaucratic environment and the alignment of state-society relations under authoritarianism” (p.22) that they “failed to increase transparency in precisely the most polluted localities in China” (p.2) and that NGO initiatives, such as the Institute of Public & Environmental Affairs (IPE) using government data to build national water pollution and air pollution maps and establish online databases of enterprise air and water violations, “had an impact on environmental governance, albeit through unusual pathways such as the international supply chain” (p. 23) (2).
In China, citizens’ raising environmental awareness, concerns, and campaigns are mostly not a result of government’s open environmental data but a driving force. On the one hand, environmental data was and is sometimes still hold by government as “State Secrecy”. Though government has opened up some environmental data such as air and surface water, useful data of drinking water quality and soil quality is still mostly missing. On the other hand, citizens are increasingly concerned about the impact of industrial pollution on their life quality and demanding their rights to know. NGOs, individual citizens, and sometimes enterprise have taken their own initiatives to obtain such data. For example, QingYue IT Engineers for Environment, together with the Southern Weekly, and Alibaba Group organised a campaign calling for citizens to test drinking water qualities of their hometowns. This bottom-up initiative for data gathering and publishing pressured government to release environmental data (3).
Sources:
(1) 国家地表水水质自动监测系统介绍, http://58.68.130.147/help.aspx July 9, 2014
(2) Tan, Y. (2014). Transparency without Democracy: The Unexpected Effects of China's Environmental Disclosure Policy. Governance, 27(1), 37-62.
(3) 汪韬,家乡水,清几许?,南方周末,February 13 2014, http://www.infzm.com/content/98057 Accessed June 18 2014."
"China","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no evidence of open data having a noticeable impact on increasing the inclusion of marginalised groups in policy making and accessing."
"China","ODB.2013.I.ECON",1,"There is initiative from government to make open data beneficial for business development (1). But it still lacks actual cases of the positive impact of open data on business.
The RealTrafic (http://www.realtraffic.cn), a company that develops real-time traffic information services software based in Beijing, had to buy data from other mapping companies until the Beijing government opened up some of Beijing’s transportation data which saved the company millions of Chinese Yuan, according to its CEO Mr. Wang Chuanjiu (2). The report also stated that a dozen of campaniles had expressed interests in using the open data released by the Beijing government for developing businesses (2).
Sources:
(1) 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部,第十届国家信息化专家论坛在北京召开, http://www.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11293832/n11293907/n11368223/15762857.html Accessed July 9, 2014.
(2) 何敏,北京探索“大数据”惠民 政府服务意识待考,新华网,October 20 2013, http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2013/10-20/5401222.shtml"
"China","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",1,"The RealTrafic (http://www.realtraffic.cn), a company that develops real-time traffic information services software based in Beijing, had to buy data from other mapping companies until the Beijing government opened up some of Beijing’s transportation data which saved the company millions of Chinese Yuan, according to its CEO Mr. Wang Chuanjiu (1). The report also stated that a dozen of campaniles had expressed interests in using the open data released by the Beijing government for developing businesses (1).
Source:
(1) 何敏,北京探索“大数据”惠民 政府服务意识待考,新华网,October 20 2013, http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2013/10-20/5401222.shtml"
"China","ODB.2013.I.GOV",2,"There is no reported cases of open data having a noticeable impact on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness in China. This is due to the fact that open data in China is still in its very early stage and implemented in a small scale. The only noticeable impact mentioned by government that has taken the initiative is that open data facilitates the collaboration between different government departments in terms of information sharing. The government of Hainan province established a Data Integration Planning Bureau (数据统筹局) in May 2014, setting the first example of exploring data governance in the country. It claimed that after a 3-month preliminary research, the bureau facilitates the connection of the previously isolated “information islands” through collecting, analysing, and applying the data that scattered over various departments, which could improve government efficiency and capacity (1). However, “information island” is still a prominent phenomenon in China, which leads to great waste of resources (2).
Sources:
(1) 南海率先探路 政府数据治理, 珠江时报, May 31 2014, http://dadao.net/php/prtime/temp_news.php?ArticleID=237926 Accessed June 20 2014.
(2) 李文, 调查显示部委网站“信息孤岛”问题普遍, 法制日报-法治网,February 25 2014, http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/index_article/content/2014-02/25/content_5305987.htm?node=5955 Accessed June 20 2014."
"China","ODB.2013.C.DPL",2,"According to an Report on data protection in China from Legal Solutions, Thomson Reuters, China currently does not have an overarching national level law on personal data protection. However, there is a national standard related to personal information, namely the Information Security Technology Guidelines for Personal Information within Public and Commercial Services Information Systems (Guideline) that became effective on 1 February 2013. But it is not mandatorily binding.
In terms of scope of application, the Guidelines apply to all organisations and institutions who exercise public management responsibilities. But it excludes government bodies exercising any public administrative function that involves the use of an information system.
In terms of the right of choice/consent, the consent of data subjects is required before processing personal data. Such consent may be implied or expressed. When collecting general personal information, implied consent is assumed as long as data subjects do not expressly raise any objections to the data collection or processing, whereas express consent must be retained when information collector collecting sensitive personal data (defined as personal information that would have a negative impact on an individual once it is leaked or modified) or when a third party processes the data on behalf of the data collector. Data collectors are required to give data subjects notifications before processing data. The notifications include the purpose of handling the personal information, the manners and means of personal information collection, the specific contents to be collected, and the time/duration of retention, the scope of use of the collected personal information, the measures for protecting personal information, the name, address, contact information and other relevant information of the personal information administrator, the risks that the data subjects may encounter after providing personal information, the consequences if the data subjects are not willing to provide personal information, and the channel for the data subjects to file a complaint. When personal data needs to be transmitted or entrusted to another organisation, data subjects must be expressly notified with information that includes but is not limited to the purpose for transmission or entrustment, specific contents and scope of use of the transmitted or entrusted personal information, name, address, and contact information of the receiver of the entrusted personal information.
In terms of the right to access and correct, the data subjects have the right of access to personal data collected or the right to object to processing, and the right of the deletion of their data.
As to the responsibilities of information holders, according to the Guidelines, the information administrator must adopt appropriate administrative measurers and technical means specifically adapted to the likelihood and severity of the damage resulting from compromised information, to protect the security of personal information, and to prevent the retrieval, disclosure, loss, damage and alter/tampering of personal information without the authorisation from the personal information administrator. But there is no requirement to notify data security breaches to data subjects or the national regulator. The sanctions for non-compliance with data protection laws include compensation for the losses resulting from the violation of the data protection, administrative fine, and criminal liability. But data subjects’ right of redress is not specifically stated and there is no oversight of the system undertaken by an independent body (1).
According to a report on the Chinese Internet user personal information security status, 74.1% of the users reported to encounter information security incident (2), indicating a rather weak implementation of the Guidelines.
Sources:
(1) Data protection in China: Overview, Practical Law|Thomson Reuters Legal Solution, 2013-11-01, http://uk.practicallaw.com/4-519-9017 Accessed July 9, 2014
(2) 2013年中国网民信息安全状况研究报告,2013-09,http://www.cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/mtbg/201312/P020131219359905417826.pdf Accessed July 9, 2014
Suggest revising to 4 to reflect that the Guideline does contain many elements of good data protection regime, but that experience since it was passed in 2013 shows its application in practice to be limited.
Could also add justification:
According to 2013 evidence from the Director of Information Technology Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, there are around 40 laws, 30 regulations, and over 200 policies related to personal data protection.
Sources:
(3): http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2013-01/21/content_2316909.htm
(4): http://www.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11294912/n11296092/15093824.html
(5): http://www.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11293832/n11294042/n11302345/14772683.html
(6): http://www.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11294912/n11296542/15514014.html
(7): http://www.gov.cn/flfg/2013-02/08/content_2332397.htm""
-Tim Davies"
"China","ODB.2013.C.RTI",4,"China adopted its Open Government Information Regulations on January 17, 2007, that came into effect on May 1, 2008. The Regulations stated that the General Office of the State Council shall be the national department in charge of open government information work, responsible for promoting, guiding, coordinating and supervising open government information work throughout the whole country, and that the general offices of the local governments at the county level and above shall be responsible for such matters within their respective administrative areas (1). On March 17, 2014, the General Office of the State Council issued the third set of annual priorities for OGI work by central government departments and provinces throughout the country, aiming to enhancing transparency of government’s exercise of administrative powers, the management and use of public funds, the distribution of public resources, the delivery of public services and public supervision information including pollution data, industrial accidents, food safety and credit information, and require year-end report to the General Office on how these priorities were implemented during 2014. The OGI Priorities indicate that the government intends to release information of broad concern to the public quickly, comprehensively and accurately, and to release more information concerning specific administrative actions that government takes in tis daily work including information concerning the government approval and licensing process and about administrative penalty decisions (2). The OGI regulations set up two ways of accessing government information. First, government offices at local and central level are required to publish information of public concerns on official websites and community bulletin boards and in government journals. Second, government departments are required to response to a public request within 15 days (3).
There is evidence that request from citizens are responded. According to a report from the Economist, over 70% of the roughly 3,000 requests filed to central government departments and 1.3m others to province-level offices led to the full or partial release of information (3). The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) on February 24, 2014 issued a report evaluating government agencies on publicising government information such as department reports and regulatory documents on their websites. It ranked the Ministry of Education number one in the index followed by the State Administration of Work Safety and the National Development and Reform commission, whereas ranking the Ministry of Foreign Affaires, the Ministry of Justice and the State Bureau for Letters and Calls at the bottom (4).
However, plenty of information remains off limits. Article Eight of the regulations says disclosure must not endanger state, public or economic security or social stability, an open-ended list that prompts utmost caution from compliers. State and commercial secrets are out-of-bounds (3). CASS also requested government information in written forms but found that many departments were reluctant to comply citing State secrets as a major excuse to withhold information (4). State and commercial secrets are vaguely defined. In February 2014, China’s government amended State Secrecy Laws stating that government departments must not label any information which by law ought to be public as a state secret, claiming to promote government transparency, The new order that came into effect on March 1, 2014 loosens the definition of state secret by making it more flexible. It has been criticised that the amendments do not change the specificity of what can be classified as a state secret (5).
There is no dedicated agency to adjudicate cases or request for government information that are refused. However, citizens or organisations have brought governmental department who failed to respond to such requests to court. And there are cases of court rulings, although rare, ordering governmental department to release requested information. In 2012 courts ruled with the plaintiff in 18% of cases (3).
Sources:
(1) Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Open Government Information, the China Law Center, Yale Law School February 2009, http://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/Intellectual_Life/CL-OGI-Regs-English.pdf. Accessed June 04 2014.
(2) Jamie P. Horsley, ""China Deepens Its Disclosure Regime,"" on Freedominfo.org, posted April 4, 2014, http://www.law.yale.edu/images/IntellectualLife/Freedom_Info.pdf. Accessed June 04 2014.
(3) Freedom of information: Right to know, The Economist, May 03 2014, http://www.economist.com/news/china/21601564-leaders-discover-some-transparency-can-help-make-society-more-stable-right-know Accessed July 9, 2014.
(4) Wang Yiqiong, Govt transparency below bar, Global Times, February 25 2014, http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/844553.shtml#.Uw_EqrAo7cs. Accessed June 04 2014.
(5) Michelle FlorCruz, China amends State Secrecy Laws to promote government transparency, International Business Times, February 11 2014, http://www.ibtimes.com/china-amends-state-secrecy-laws-promote-government-transparency-1554709 Accessed June 04 2014"
"Colombia","ODB.2013.C.INIT",6,"There is an increased government quest to take the Colombia to a better and more efficient data initiative. The Government has regulations, laws and websites dedicated to this particular topic.
While the commitment of the Government and the Ministry of ICT is in the rising for open data issues; specifically in the design of public policy, regulation, and pedagogy guidelines; the very government data initiatives, as the State Catalog of Open Data and Economic Transparency Portal are left a little bit behind. Many of this cited documents are form 2011, when the Government sent its first commitment list for the OGP. However there has been little progress in the government open data initiatives and they are still very small. The data in the State Catalog of Open Data is far from complete and the data from the Economic Transparency Portal is not even machine-readable. In an follow-up report form the OGP for Colombia for 2012-2013 (cited below) it says that the commitments; mainly in public policy, regulation and pedagogy; are fulfilled but the open data initiatives itself keep on been poor. One of the reasons could be that the Ministry of ICT does not take open data initiatives as open government initiatives, but as e-government, making them part of its successful project Gobierno en Línea. I see a brighter future though.
##Sources:
(1): http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/secretaria-transparencia/Documents/Plan%20de%20Acci%C3%B3n%20del%20Gobierno%20de%20Colombia%20OGP.pdf Accessed 31st May, 2014.
(2): http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/dapre/atencion/Paginas/datos-abiertos.aspx Accessed 1st June, 2014
(3): http://programa.gobiernoenlinea.gov.co/apc-aa-files/da4567033d075590cd3050598756222c/Resumen_Ejecutivo_Datos_Abiertos.pdf Accessed 1st June, 2014
(4): http://programa.gobiernoenlinea.gov.co/apc-aa-files/da4567033d075590cd3050598756222c/Modelo_de_datos_abiertos_2011.pdf Accessed 1st June, 2014
(5): http://datosabiertoscolombia.cloudapp.net/frm/buscador/frmBuscador.aspx Accessed 1st June, 2014
(6): http://masinformacionmasderechos.co/portales-con-datos-abiertos-en-colombia Accessed 1st June, 2014
(7): http://programa.gobiernoenlinea.gov.co/apc-aa-files/da4567033d075590cd3050598756222c/Resumen_Ejecutivo_Datos_Abiertos.pdf Accessed 1st June, 2014
(8): http://www.opengovpartnership.org/files/colombiafinal2012web.pdf"
"Colombia","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",2,"There is an official Data initiative where the public can find, in a unified way, all data published by public bodies of Colombia, in an open format, so that they can be used by anyone to develop applications or value-added services, making analysis and research, work exercising control or for any commercial or noncommercial activity. This data, however, is national, so there is no sign of a full data initiative for any city, the public has to search in the national website for the available data. Some cities have annual reports, but a full data initiative is not yet implemented.
However, the two biggest cities in the country are taking short steps to build open data applications. Bogotá, the capital, has in its Development Plan 2012-1016 document some commitments for promoting the use of open/libre licenses and software, mainly in the institutions and public servants of the city government, but also in the citizens. Recently they put thousands of (incomplete and not machine-readable) datasets on a new and open official web for maps of the city. Medellín, the second largest and important city, was named the most innovative city in the world in 2013, and even though they have not made any official open data commitment they want to keep this title and they have expressed their interest in an open data initiative.
##Sources
(1): http://datosabiertoscolombia.cloudapp.net/frm/buscador/frmBuscador.aspx Accessed June 7th, 2014.
(2): http://datosabiertoscolombia.cloudapp.net/frm/buscador/frmBusquedaAvanzada.aspx Accessed June 7th, 2014.
(3): http://programa.gobiernoenlinea.gov.co/apc-aa-files/da4567033d075590cd3050598756222c/Resumen_Ejecutivo_Datos_Abiertos.pdf Accessed June 7th, 2014.
(4): http://www.sedbogota.edu.co/archivos/SECTOREDUCATIVO/proyectos%20de%20inversion/2013/junio/PLAN-DESARROLLO2012-2016.pdf
(5): http://www.bogotahumana.gov.co/index.php/noticias/comunicados-de-prensa-alcalde-mayor/3611-miles-de-datos-del-distrito-en-un-solo-lugar-al-alcance-de-su-mano
(6): http://online.wsj.com/ad/cityoftheyear
(7): http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-21638308"
"Colombia","ODB.2013.C.CITY",1,"In Colombia the ICT Ministry rewards ideas for mobile applications, web or digital terrestrial television, which will allow the development of a procedure or service for the Colombian State. The Government tries to organize competitions and grants in order to have a better open data culture in the country.
Nevertheless, in his interview with the IRM Report (cited below), the Karisma Foundation noted some problems in the development of tech meetings, contests and initiatives set by the Government. They felt that some of the hackathons that the government has made were poorly designed, because most seemed offers to buy very low cost innovative ideas and tools that technology professionals were generating for helping citizens to use open data. Indeed, Carolina Botero, a recognized journalist, wrote a column in El Espectador (cited below), the most important diary of Colombia, speaking about how abusive are the hackathons and other tech meetings and events and how the government used the technology professionals for its purposes. She and a moderate community of hackers and technology professionals end up proposing and inviting people to an alternative civil-society-only hackathon called Gobernatón (HackBo) based on ethics, that run the same weekend than the government’s (first weekend of June 2013), and was a total success.
##Sources
(1): http://www.mintic.gov.co/portal/604/w3-article-5040.html Accessed June 7th.
(2): http://programa.gobiernoenlinea.gov.co/apc-aa-files/da4567033d075590cd3050598756222c/Resumen_Ejecutivo_Datos_Abiertos.pdf Accessed June 7th.
(3): http://bit.ly/1l51cvW http://pulsosocial.com/2013/05/30/la-polemica-de-vive-gobierno-movil-una-hackathon-diferente/ Accessed July 17th, 2014
(4): http://pulsosocial.com/2013/06/05/gobernaton-una-iniciativa-ciudadana-que-hace-mucho-con-muy-poco/ Accessed July 17th, 2014
(5): http://socialgeek.co/noticias/hackathon-vs-gobernaton/ Accessed July 17th, 2014
(6): http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/colombia/irm
(7): Carolina Botero, “Hackatón de Gobierno en Linea ¿es abusivo?”, El Espectador, 31 mayo 2013 http://bit.ly/1l51cvW
(8): http://pulsosocial.com/2013/05/30/la-polemica-de-vive-gobierno-movil-una-hackathon-diferente/
(9): http://socialgeek.co/noticias/hackathon-vs-gobernaton/"
"Colombia","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",4,"E-Mail Interview: Sandra Castro. ITC Specialist. Hewlett-Packard HP.June 1st, 2014. ""I think there are some open data education opportunities in the market but they are mainly private. The public sector has training available but it’s not really deep and technical. As an ITC specialist I know that the government has a strong open data initiative but they are testing pilot programs and education tools in order to take the country to the next step in this process.""
##Sources
(1): http://www.colombiaaprende.edu.co/html/home/1592/articles-313597_reda.pdf Accessed June 7th, 2014."
"Colombia","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",2,"Civil society and individuals are demanding open data opportunities so they can use data for research and improve their business and in that way they can work together for a shared mission.
According Karisma Foundation, a civil society organization that keeps track of the government's commitments to the OGP, the Colombian community of hackers has been unable to participate in several international events on open data by lack of access, organization and availability of databases in a usable format and with relevant and important information for solving the problems of society that are interesting for them. In one hand that is because of the poor quality and low quantity of data made public by the Government through its data initiatives. These data are generally not complete nor machine-readable. In the other hand events like hackathons and tech meetings that the government has made were poorly designed, because most seemed offers to buy very low cost innovative ideas and tools that technology professionals were generating for helping citizens to use open data.
##Sources:
(1): http://programa.gobiernoenlinea.gov.co/anuncios.shtml?apc=eax;x;x;x1-&x=84067 Accessed June 7th, 2014.
(2): Javier Carranza. Asuntos del Sur. ""Colombia: Usuarios que utilizan datos abiertos para mejorar la sostenibilidad del medio ambiente December 18th, 2013. http://www.asuntosdelsur.org/colombia-usuarios-que-utilizan-datos-abiertos-para-mejorar-la-sostenibilidad-del-medio-ambiente/
(3): http://programa.gobiernoenlinea.gov.co/apc-aa-files/da4567033d075590cd3050598756222c/Resumen_Ejecutivo_Datos_Abiertos.pdf Accessed June 1st, 2014.
(4): http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/colombia/irm"
"Colombia","ODB.2013.I.GOV",1,"There are cases of study and success but all are published by official and governmental websites, so the interest of the media is not noticeable.
##Sources
(1): http://www.mintic.gov.co/portal/604/w3-article-5040.html Accessed June 7th, 2014.
(2): http://www.mintic.gov.co/portal/vivedigital/612/w3-article-5149.html Accessed June 7th, 2014.
(3): http://www.vivedigital.gov.co/logros-plan/ Accessed June 7th, 2014."
"Colombia","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",2,"There was some mild impact in this topic, and some institutions tried to make some changes however, there are no a lot of information and a noticeable and real impact.
The Secretariat of Transparency, a new office that is part of the Presidency of the Republic created in 2013 the Observatory of Anti Corruption and Public Integrity, a website where the Secretariat publishes datasets about corruption at a national and regional level. Other strategies of the Observatory are to educate on the corruption issues and to generate public dialog and civil participation. Along all 2013 the Observatory published in open data formats (CSV and JSON) many datasets on the numbers and dates of the disciplinary, fiscal and criminal sanction of public servants in the country and in each department. The first publications generated much expectation and curiosity. The media was really interested in the data and many reports were made. However the Observatory website shut down because they won a grant form the European Union for restructuring it and adapt it to the new public policy of transparency. The website is currently in construction but in 12 months that was available had a moderate impact, al least in public opinion.
##Sources:
(1): http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-10946850 Accessed July 15th, 2014.
(2): http://www.eluniversal.com.co/cartagena/politica/dan-conocer-en-que-consiste-el-observatorio-anticorrupcion-en-cartagena-108908 Accessed July 15th, 2014.
(3): http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-12616709 Accessed July 15th, 2014.
(4): http://www.anticorrupcion.gov.co/ http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-10946850 Accessed July 15th, 2014.
(5): http://www.eluniversal.com.co/cartagena/politica/dan-conocer-en-que-consiste-el-observatorio-anticorrupcion-en-cartagena-108908 Accessed July 15th, 2014.
(6): http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-12616709 Accessed July 15th, 2014."
"Colombia","ODB.2013.I.ENV",1,"There are no substantial evidence of environmental sustainability impact thanks to Open Data, and the cases recollected by the media are informal and not credible online sources.
##Sources
(1): Javier Carranza. ¨Usuarios que utilizan datos abiertos para mejorar la sostenibilidad del medio ambiente"" December 18th, 2013. Accessed June 7th, 2014. http://www.asuntosdelsur.org/colombia-usuarios-que-utilizan-datos-abiertos-para-mejorar-la-sostenibilidad-del-medio-ambiente/"
"Colombia","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no strong and credible record in the media between june 2013 and june 2014 that shows any kind of impact using open data for marginalized groups. The country has an Open Data initiative but the results are not noticeable in the media. The info around internet is from blogs and not credible media."
"Colombia","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",2,"Entrepreneurs are taking advantage of the limited resources of open data that the government is offering to the public. There are limitations but there is also progress, and in this progress new business are being born, that is why there are examples in the country of successful data usage, but there is still a long road to walk.
##Sources
(1): http://datosabiertoscolombia.cloudapp.net/frm/Desarrolladores/frmDesarrolladores.aspx Accessed June 7th, 2014.
(2): http://vimeo.com/boombicyclemovement Accessed June 7th, 2014. ""We are using open data as our input to create apps and services around the use of bicycles. The idea is to gather open data information and use it for our benefit and explore transportation possibilities so our citizens have a better life quality"". Iván Sánchez, Boom Bicycle movement.
(3): E-Mail Interview: David Cifuentes, Development Coordinator at E-forcers.
June 3rd, 2014. Fortunately the government in Colombia is on his way to a good open data culture. The laws, initiatives are there, and we are having grants, incentives and it seems like the government is taking active part in this matter. However not all developers and entrepreneurs are not really that active using the data that is available. In my company we are using parts to inform ourselves of sociological behavior and tendencies. The amount of people that are creating new business using open data is not huge, but it will grow progressively like our data initiative."
"Colombia","ODB.2013.I.ECON",1,"There is a reasonable impact of data in the economy, the boom of new business throught data usage are helping young professionals to create new jobs and sustainable growth, however, there is a need if more accessible data in order to create a real positive impact.
##Sources
(1): https://www.youtube.com/user/julioprofe Accessed June 7th, 2014.
(2): http://vimeo.com/boombicyclemovement Accessed June 7th, 2014. ""We are using open data as our input to create apps and services around the use of bicycles. The idea is to gather open data information and use it for our benefit and explore transportation possibilities so our citizens have a better life quality"". Iván Sánchez, Boom Bicycle movement."
"Colombia","ODB.2013.C.DPL",7,"Although no comprehensive law on data privacy exists, protection of privacy and personal data is provided by Law 1581 of 2012 (and degree 1377 of 2013), Law 1266 of 2008 (and degrees 2952 of 2010 and 1727 of 2009)(4). Now who send junk mail or spam, use improperly or without the authorization data of citizens can be fined. According to the Superintendent of Industry and Commerce, SIC, the right to data protection is one that every person has to know, as well as the right to update and correct information that has been collected on public or private files and databases.
Habeas data is a constitutional right in Colombia since 2012. The regulation frame of this right is one the best and every year becomes stronger.
##Sources
(1): ""Régimen General de Protección de Datos Personales"". Law 1581, 2012. art 3. http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=53646 Accessed 2nd June, 2014.
(2): http://www.dinero.com/pais/articulo/sus-derechos-habeas-data/181020
(3): http://www.elcolombiano.com/BancoConocimiento/C/crecen_las_quejas_por_habeas_data_sic/crecen_las_quejas_por_habeas_data_sic.asp
(4): http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf"
"Colombia","ODB.2013.C.RTI",7,"The law of access to public information implies that entities must not only respond to specific requests for information from citizens, but also disclose proactively and respond to requests routinely, proactively, to date, accessible and understandable. This law was signed by the president on march and it will start running in three months, according to the ICT ministry.
he Statutory Law of Transparency and Access to Public Information is the first law for regulating the right of access public information in Colombia and was built not just for the government but also for a group of CSOs that collectively called themselves the More Information More Rights Alliance (La Alianza más Información más Derechos). It is formed by Transparency International (Colombian chapter), The Foundation for the Press Freedom, OCASA Foundation, and some more. The law greatly facilitates the process of request for information to the public entities and forced not only to respond to all requests but also to publish information proactively. The law provides for fines and penalties on defaulting entities and imposes severe limitations on the reserve of information.
##Sources:
(1): Information access law, right to information. Law 1712, March 06, 2014. http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/Normativa/Leyes/Documents/LEY%201712%20DEL%2006%20DE%20MARZO%20DE%202014.pdf Accessed 2nd June, 2014.
(2): http://masinformacionmasderechos.co/category/ley-de-transparencia-2"
"Costa Rica","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",3,"There are almost no initiatives in regards to open data at a regional government level. From the 81 local governments in Costa Rica, only three (Palmares, Alajuelita and Perez Zeledon) have an Open Data sections available.
Usually they are not part of their development plan yet, and it is not a priority according to the Digital Government Office. The local governments sharing open data share just limited information not updated very often. According to the director of Digital Government Secretary, Just another three local governments have shown interest on developing tools to share open date in their websites.
##Sources
(1): Interview: Alicia Avendaño, Director. Digital Government Secretary. May 29st 2014.
(2): Local governements showing Open Data:
a. http://www.alajuelita.go.cr/
b. http://www.mpz.go.cr/
c. https://www.munipalmares.go.cr/
(3): Soledad Montero. La Republica. “Push for open public data”, March 19th, 2014: https://www.larepublica.net/app/cms/www/index.php?pk_articulo=533313055
(4): Fabio Parreaguirre, La Republica, “""They should improve access to information and data"". March 19th, 2014: https://www.larepublica.net/app/cms/www/index.php?pk_articulo=533313028
(5): Interview: Pablo Duncan. Director, Costa Rica Integra (Costa Rican chapter of International Transparency). June 13th 2014
(6): Ninth Annual Report Towards an Information and Knowledge Society 2014, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 1: “Institutional framework: E-Government and Public Policies About ICT”.
(7): Seventh Annual Report Towards the Information and Knowledge Society 2012, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 5: http://www.prosic.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/cap5_0.pdf
(8): Open Data Government Official Website:. Accessed June 14th
a. http://datosabiertos.gob.go.cr/home/
b. Government Open data websites. Accessed June 16th:
i. Republic General Controllership: http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:19:16728392428062::NO:::
ii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:2:3443289625020::NO:::
iii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=164:8:6130236706532:::::"
"Costa Rica","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",4,"There are no statistics on the usage of the data shared, or any follow up on how is society taking advantage of it. It is also needed more information to be shared in the Open Data website that could be used to measure financial performance, legislation compliment or volume of medical appointments in the different public hospitals, for example. The information shared is related basically to three areas: demographic statistics, national production for specific kind of products, and all the information related to Mer-Link, the electronic government system for the private companies to place their offers to become vendor for state or public institutions.
There are only three organizations from civil society mapped as stakeholders interested on been part of the project: Costa Rica Integra (International Transparency), Hivos (NGO contributing for a free, fair and sustainable world) and IPLEX (Free Speech and Journalism Institute, local). They are working on deploying different initiatives, such as conferences and workshops, communicating and getting to know the Open Data initiative, validating and consulting it with the civil society. However the civil society initiatives deployed to use open data have been really isolated, with a participation a a few tens and not coordinated as part of a planned strategy. Information technology professionals engaged with the initiative are really a few, and their engagement was more as a personal interest guided by their curiosity or interest than an intentional interest that would lead to a concrete initiative. So far, the engagement and use of open data in the country is very incipient. There is not yet any group using open data for specific projects or purposes, just isolated groups consulting it occasionally.
The CSO stakeholders involved are just beginning to define how will they join together to have a representation on the Open Government initiative. There is not yet any group using open data for specific projects or purposes, just isolated groups consulting it occasionally. The way how the government is engaging the civil society is by sending emails to the media, newspapers, news programs, the NGO’s mentioned and some private chambers every time something such a new initiative or a training session comes up. At this point, there is no demand over open data from individuals or communities.
Journalist in the country do not use the open data shared by the government on its websites as an information source for performance review or for public surveillance, since they consider the information shared so far is incomplete and not really useful.
According to Pablo Duncan, from Costa Rica Integra, the coordination campaign to work with the government on open data is just starting, and there is not yet a coordinated campaign aiming to create awareness or providing assistance on how to leverage on open data information available. So far the communications and training activities have been as follows:
- Workshop open data for public institutions
- High Level Conference on Open Government and Open Data: July-August 2013.
- Disclosure of the Action Plan on Digital Government Agency Network
- Disclosure of a bi-annual Digital Government
- Open Government Workshop for presidential candidates
##Sources
(1): Interview: Alicia Avendaño, Director. Digital Government Secretary. May 29st 2014.
(2): Soledad Montero. La Republica. “Push for open public data”, March 19th, 2014: https://www.larepublica.net/app/cms/www/index.php?pk_articulo=533313055
(3): Fabio Parreaguirre, La Republica, ""They should improve access to information and data"". March 19th, 2014: https://www.larepublica.net/app/cms/www/index.php?pk_articulo=533313028
(4): Interview: Pablo Duncan. Director, Costa Rica Integra (Costa Rican chapter of International Transparency). June 13th 2014
(5): Ninth Annual Report Towards an Information and Knowledge Society 2014, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 1: “Institutional framework: E-Government and Public Policies About ICT”. http://prosic.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/cap1_1.pdf
(6): Open Data Government Official Website:. Accessed June 14th
a. http://datosabiertos.gob.go.cr/home/
b. Government Opend data websites. Accessed June 16th:
i. Republic General Controllership: http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:19:16728392428062::NO:::
ii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:2:3443289625020::NO:::
iii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=164:8:6130236706532:::::
(7): Linux Planet (Specialized Blog). Carolina Flores, “A Glance to the Costa Rica Open Government Action Plan”. March 4th, 2013: http://planetalinux.org/cr/"
"Costa Rica","ODB.2013.C.CITY",1,"There is not a specific plan or strategy from the government to support and encourage innovation in the long term with open data, however, there are initiatives that encourage society to be aware and use government open data. The only formal one, performed on a yearly basis is the Hackathon, a public contest encouraging people to create apps that used the open data shared by the different public organizations. Each year three of the applications proposed are awarded.
There is no other formal innovation initiative based on open data information.
##Sources
(1): Interview: Alicia Avendaño, Director. Digital Government Secretary. May 29st 2014.
(2): Soledad Montero. La Republica. “Push for open public data”, March 19th, 2014: https://www.larepublica.net/app/cms/www/index.php?pk_articulo=533313055
(3): Fabio Parreaguirre, La Republica, “""They should improve access to information and data"". March 19th, 2014: https://www.larepublica.net/app/cms/www/index.php?pk_articulo=533313028
(4): Interview: Pablo Duncan. Director, Costa Rica Integra (Costa Rican chapter of International Transparency). June 13th 2014
(5): Ninth Annual Report Towards an Information and Knowledge Society 2014, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 1: “Institutional framework: E-Government and Public Policies About ICT”.
(6): Seventh Annual Report Towards the Information and Knowledge Society 2012, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 5: http://www.prosic.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/cap5_0.pdf
(7): Open Data Government Official Website:. Accessed June 14th
a. http://datosabiertos.gob.go.cr/home/
b. Government Opend data websites. Accessed June 16th:
i. Republic General Controllership: http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:19:16728392428062::NO:::
ii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:2:3443289625020::NO:::
iii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=164:8:6130236706532:::::
(8): Linux Planet (Specialized Blog). Carolina Flores, “A Glance to the Costa Rica Open Government Action Plan”. March 4th, 2013: http://planetalinux.org/cr/"
"Costa Rica","ODB.2013.C.INIT",6,"Costa Rica has a formal national open data plan included in the E-Government plan set by the government for four years (2010-2014), including dedicated staff (one person) and budget (budget tables attached). There is an explicit commitment to open data from a senior government, since the commitment with the Open Government Initiative was signed by the ex-president Laura Chinchilla in January 2012, during a tour to New York. The budget for the open data initiatives stands for the 5% of the total budget for the Digital Government initiatives.
On February 2013, the division in charge of the project, the Digital Government Secretary, presented the Costa Rican Alliance for an Open Government, the Costarican commitment and strategy to achieve and deploy an open data program in the country. It was presented to the Open Government Partnership, and it was approved by its board of directors. During the first months, the organization in charge to perform the strategy, Digital Government General Office, has made some progress on understanding how the initiative could be performed and what would it require from the different government entities. The main deliverables were the creation of a national platform for open data (datosabiertos.gob.go.cr), the first open data contest called “Hackathon”, using open data from sectors such as agriculture, health and security, as well as some meetings with some civil society organizations. All these goals were met.
At this moment 20 institutions are taking part of the plan, meaning they are displaying some information in open data format, and who have published around 1.100 sets of information in open data format. However, there is a lack of useful information in those data sets, most of them are general information not easy to end in any action at the citizen level, since they are more like informational data. Some datasets haven’t been updated for the last months and no significant new information, from new sources or areas, have been included during 2014 to the national open data website. The government has prioritized other areas from its Digital Government strategy different than the open data plan during 2014.
##Sources
(1): Interview: Alicia Avendaño, Director. Digital Government Secretary. May 29st 2014.
(2): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XIV 2013: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_14gobdig.pdf
(3): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XVII, 2014: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_17gobdig.pdf
(4): “Alliance for an Open Governement. Action Plan for Costa Rica 2011-2014”, Digital Government Office. January 2013: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/Gobierno_Abierto/ESPlanAccionGobiernoAbiertoCosta%20Rica2013_2014.pdf
(5): “Digital Government Master Plan 2011-2014”, Digital Government Office, 2011: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/E-GOB/gobiernodigital/informes/PlanMaestroGD.pdf
(6): Interview: Pablo Duncan. Director, Costa Rica Integra (Costa Rican chapter of International Transparency). June 13th 2014
(7): Ninth Annual Report Towards an Information and Knowledge Society 2014, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 1: “Institutional framework: E-Government and Public Policies About ICT”. http://prosic.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/cap1_1.pdf
(8): Seventh Annual Report Towards the Information and Knowledge Society 2012, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 5: http://www.prosic.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/cap5_0.pdf
(9): Open Data Government Official Website:. Accessed June 14th
a. http://datosabiertos.gob.go.cr/home/
b. Government Opend data websites. Accessed June 16th:
i. Republic General Controllership: http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:19:16728392428062::NO:::
ii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:2:3443289625020::NO:::
iii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=164:8:6130236706532:::::
(10): Linux Planet (Specialized Blog). Carolina Flores, “A Glance to the Costa Rica Open Government Action Plan”. March 4th, 2013: http://planetalinux.org/cr/"
"Costa Rica","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",4,"There is some training publicly available in the country that increases skills on using open data. The Digital Government Secretary has provided in a join-venture with the company ""Grupo Inco"" to perform some talks, workshops, individual training and skills development of technology-based solutions (hackathones) since 2012. Its results have been two social applications using public data: ""Epicenter"" and ""Save More"", the first launched by the National Seismological Observatory and the second by the Economy Ministry.
The University of Costa Rica has also organized conferences in this regards including experts in the field, however they have been isolated, mostly in order to start mapping the main stakeholders of the project from the civil society, and to discuss how the open data initiative should be performed by the government, from the CSO point of view. So far, there haven’t been any workshop focused in the used of open data in Costa Rica, that the parts and counterparts are aware of.
##Sources
(1): Interview: Alicia Avendaño, Director. Digital Government Secretary. May 29st 2014.
(2): Soledad Montero. La Republica. “Push for open public data”, March 19th, 2014: https://www.larepublica.net/app/cms/www/index.php?pk_articulo=533313055
(3): Fabio Parreaguirre, La Republica, “""They should improve access to information and data"". March 19th, 2014: https://www.larepublica.net/app/cms/www/index.php?pk_articulo=533313028
(4): Interview: Pablo Duncan. Director, Costa Rica Integra (Costa Rican chapter of International Transparency). June 13th 2014
(5): Ninth Annual Report Towards an Information and Knowledge Society 2014, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 1: “Institutional framework: E-Government and Public Policies About ICT”.
(6): Seventh Annual Report Towards the Information and Knowledge Society 2012, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 5: http://www.prosic.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/cap5_0.pdf
(7): Open Data Government Official Website:. Accessed June 14th
a. http://datosabiertos.gob.go.cr/home/
b. Government Opend data websites. Accessed June 16th:
i. Republic General Controllership: http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:19:16728392428062::NO:::
ii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:2:3443289625020::NO:::
iii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=164:8:6130236706532:::::
(8): La Nacion. Monserrath Vargas, “Ticos create apps in data regional marathon”. December 3rd, 2012: http://www.nacion.com/2012-12-03/AldeaGlobal/Ticos-crean-aplicaciones-moviles-en-maraton-regional-de-datos.aspx
(9): Linux Planet (Specialized Blog). Carolina Flores, “A Glance to the Costa Rica Open Government Action Plan”. March 4th, 2013: http://planetalinux.org/cr/"
"Costa Rica","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Costa Rica doesn't have any research and haven't perform any initiative aiming to measure the impact of open data in the country, not in the government efficiency field neither with regards to effectiveness. (1).
There is no information available in the media or webs, even on the local Open Government initiative magazine, that mention any “Hackathon” activity performed during the last 12 months, as it happened in the previous year. (2 & 3).
There is almost no mention in the local media or publications to open data, the media coverage for the lasts 12 months to the government Open data initiatives have been almost non-existent, except for a couple of exceptions that have been mostly opinion articles. (7, 8 & 9).
##Sources
(1): Interview: Alicia Avendaño, Director. Digital Government Secretary. May 29st 2014.
(2): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XIV 2013: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_14gobdig.pdf
(3): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XVII, 2014: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_17gobdig.pdf
(4): “Alliance for an Open Governement. Action Plan for Costa Rica 2011-2014”, Digital Government Office. January 2013: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/Gobierno_Abierto/ESPlanAccionGobiernoAbiertoCosta%20Rica2013_2014.pdf
(5): “Digital Government Master Plan 2011-2014”, Digital Government Office, 2011: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/E-GOB/gobiernodigital/informes/PlanMaestroGD.pdf
(6): Ninth Annual Report Towards an Information and Knowledge Society 2014, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 1: “Institutional framework: E-Government and Public Policies About ICT”. http://prosic.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/cap1_1.pdf
(7): “Innovation, connectivity and open government”, Luis Adrian Salazar. La Nacion, Opinion section, april 7th 2014: http://www.nacion.com/opinion/foros/Innovacion-conectividad-gobierno-abierto_0_1407059281.html
(8): ""They should improve access to information and data"", Fabio, Parreaguire, La Republica. March 19th, 2014: https://www.larepublica.net/app/cms/www/index.php?pk_articulo=533313028
(9): “Proactive Transparency and innovation”, Luis D. Oreamuno Gamboa. La Nacion, Opinion section, January 7th 2013: http://www.nacion.com/opinion/foros/Transparencia-proactiva-innovacion_0_1316068502.html"
"Costa Rica","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"Costa Rica haven't performed yet any research or study that would estimate any influence from the open data information shared so far in the transparency and accountability in the country. There is no media articles issued during the last year that could certainly attribute accountability and transparency to the government due to the open data shared. There are just a couple of articles that mention the open data public initiative and encourage to its improvements (9 & 10).
##Sources
(1): Interview: Alicia Avendaño, Director. Digital Government Secretary. May 29st 2014.
(2): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XIV 2013: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_14gobdig.pdf
(3): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XVII, 2014: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_17gobdig.pdf
(4): “Alliance for an Open Governement. Action Plan for Costa Rica 2011-2014”, Digital Government Office. January 2013: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/Gobierno_Abierto/ESPlanAccionGobiernoAbiertoCosta%20Rica2013_2014.pdf
(5): “Digital Government Master Plan 2011-2014”, Digital Government Office, 2011: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/E-GOB/gobiernodigital/informes/PlanMaestroGD.pdf
(6): Ninth Annual Report Towards an Information and Knowledge Society 2014, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 1: “Institutional framework: E-Government and Public Policies About ICT”. http://prosic.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/cap1_1.pdf
(7): Open Data Government website: http://datosabiertos.gob.go.cr/home/ Accesed June 20th, 2014.
(8): Public transactions websites, to do paperwork related with public institutions. The website have been down for more than 2 months. http://www.gob.go.cr/
(9): ""They should improve access to information and data"", Fabio, Parreaguire, La Republica. March 19th, 2014: https://www.larepublica.net/app/cms/www/index.php?pk_articulo=533313028
(10): “Proactive Transparency and innovation”, Luis D. Oreamuno Gamboa. La Nacion, Opinion section, January 7th 2013: http://www.nacion.com/opinion/foros/Transparencia-proactiva-innovacion_0_1316068502.html"
"Costa Rica","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"There is some open data shared with regards to environmental information, created by the Environment and Energy Ministry and shown in his website, however it is limited and there is no evidence and research that have measured in any way what's its impact (6). There is an initiative for the management of environmental statistics and indicators in Costa Rica, is done through a joint venture Committee between the Environment and Energy Ministry (MINAE) and the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC), formed expressly to consolidate a National environmental Information System (NARS), as a basis for determining the state of the environment and natural resources and the development of public policies that are required for protection. However, it haven´t been implemented yet.
According to NGO´s consulted, the open data in regards to environment is not enough to make it useful for planning or research. For this purposes, it is necessary to ask for further information than those shared (1 & 8).
Environmental NGO's, tourist industry companies and some institutions use to consult open data just to plan excursions, tours and outdoors activities. (2 & 3).
##Sources
(1): Interview: Alicia Avendaño, Director. Digital Government Secretary. May 29st 2014.
(2): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XIV 2013: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_14gobdig.pdf
(3): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XVII, 2014: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_17gobdig.pdf
(4): “Alliance for an Open Governement. Action Plan for Costa Rica 2011-2014”, Digital Government Office. January 2013: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/Gobierno_Abierto/ESPlanAccionGobiernoAbiertoCosta%20Rica2013_2014.pdf
(5): “Digital Government Master Plan 2011-2014”, Digital Government Office, 2011: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/E-GOB/gobiernodigital/informes/PlanMaestroGD.pdf
(6): Interview: Pablo Duncan. Director, Costa Rica Integra (Costa Rican chapter of International Transparency). June 13th 2014
(7): Ninth Annual Report Towards an Information and Knowledge Society 2014, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 1: “Institutional framework: E-Government and Public Policies About ICT”. http://prosic.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/cap1_1.pdf
(8): Websites reviewed on June 17th:
http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/GeneradorPagina.aspx
http://www.sinac.go.cr/ceniga/?q=content/sistema-de-indicadores-ambientales-sia
http://ceniga.sinac.go.cr/geonetwork/srv/eng/main.home"
"Costa Rica","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no evident impact, in any way, on open data increasing inclusion of marginalized groups in policy making or accessing government services. Any of the apps created using open data information has targeted any specific marginalized group.
The open date sets uploaded so far, around 250, doesn´t include information of any marginalized group. The only sets in regards to social information are those about employment richness/poorness statistics. The public institution in charge of attending marginalized population in the country is not yet part of the open data national plan (1 & 8).
No media article has related open data with an impact on inclusion in policy making.
##Sources
(1): Interview: Alicia Avendaño, Director. Digital Government Secretary. May 29st 2014.
(2): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XIV 2013: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_14gobdig.pdf
(3): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XVII, 2014: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_17gobdig.pdf
(4): “Alliance for an Open Governement. Action Plan for Costa Rica 2011-2014”, Digital Government Office. January 2013: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/Gobierno_Abierto/ESPlanAccionGobiernoAbiertoCosta%20Rica2013_2014.pdf
(5): “Digital Government Master Plan 2011-2014”, Digital Government Office, 2011: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/E-GOB/gobiernodigital/informes/PlanMaestroGD.pdf
(7): Ninth Annual Report Towards an Information and Knowledge Society 2014, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 1: “Institutional framework: E-Government and Public Policies About ICT”. http://prosic.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/cap1_1.pdf
(8): Open Data Government Official Website:. Accessed June 14th
a. http://datosabiertos.gob.go.cr/home/
b. Government Open data websites. Accessed June 16th:
i. Republic General Controllership: http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:19:16728392428062::NO:::
ii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:2:3443289625020::NO:::
iii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=164:8:6130236706532:::::"
"Costa Rica","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"There is no research or evidence that show any significant impact open data has had in the national economy. Neither any media publication has related both things during the last year. The only possible economy impact could be those perceived by the groups that have created an app based on open data information, and it have been less than ten
##Sources
(1): Interview: Alicia Avendaño, Director. Digital Government Secretary. May 29st 2014.
(2): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XIV 2013: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_14gobdig.pdf
(3): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XVII, 2014: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_17gobdig.pdf
(4): “Alliance for an Open Governement. Action Plan for Costa Rica 2011-2014”, Digital Government Office. January 2013: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/Gobierno_Abierto/ESPlanAccionGobiernoAbiertoCosta%20Rica2013_2014.pdf
(5): “Digital Government Master Plan 2011-2014”, Digital Government Office, 2011: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/E-GOB/gobiernodigital/informes/PlanMaestroGD.pdf
(6): Interview: Pablo Duncan. Director, Costa Rica Integra (Costa Rican chapter of International Transparency). June 13th 2014
(7): Ninth Annual Report Towards an Information and Knowledge Society 2014, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 1: “Institutional framework: E-Government and Public Policies About ICT”. http://prosic.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/cap1_1.pdf
(8): Seventh Annual Report Towards the Information and Knowledge Society 2012, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 5: http://www.prosic.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/cap5_0.pdf
(9): Open Data Government Official Website:. Accessed June 14th
a. http://datosabiertos.gob.go.cr/home/
b. Government Opend data websites. Accessed June 16th:
i. Republic General Controllership: http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:19:16728392428062::NO:::
ii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=102:2:3443289625020::NO:::
iii. http://cgrw01.cgr.go.cr/apex/f?p=164:8:6130236706532:::::"
"Costa Rica","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",2,"According to think tanks from the entrepreneur area, open data is not being used yet with any commercial purposes in the entrepreneurial population. This is because a lack of useful information and and a lack of awareness about information being shared by the government and its open data initiative. (1 & 2).
There are some applications that is getting some economic benefit from using open data, such as the location of facilities, prices or other information measures and produced by governments and the public sector, such as statistics, weather, geography, tourism, administrative or judicial information. It have been less than 5 apps those created having this characteristic. There is no other business known that would gain any economic value from open data at this point.
##Sources
(1): Interview: Adrián García, Co-Founder and Partner at Carao Ventures, a startup acceleration firm providing support and investment alternatives to early-stage innovation startups in Latin America. San Jose, June 17th, 2014
(2): Interview: Luis Diego Oreamuno. General Manager, Keyword Centroamérica, founder at Grupo Inco, a Data Value Generation and Data Intelligence Compan,y working in the implementation of Open Data use platforms. San Jose, June 18th, 2014.
(3): Interview: Alicia Avendaño, Director. Digital Government Secretary. May 29st 2014.
(4): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XIV 2013: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_14gobdig.pdf
(5): “Digital CR” Magazine. Digital Government Office. Volume V, Issue XVII, 2014: http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/revista/Revista_17gobdig.pdf"
"Costa Rica","ODB.2013.C.DPL",6,"Costa Rica has a legal and regulatory framework that protects personal data, and the Protection to the person towards treatment of their personal data Act, from 2011, provides legal support for citizen complaints about poor handling of their information. It also transfers the accountability of the information and its management to the data storage service provider. It also creates the Personal Data Protection Agency (Prodat), as the institution that will ensure the data of all citizens in the digital world Costa Rica. However, it's not working yet, since the Regulation to the Act haven't been published.
The law establishes the right of choice/consent to individuals, the right to access and/or correct one's personal data, and the right of redress against both private and public bodies that violate data privacy. Where it is not as clear as it should establishing responsibilities on information holders, since it doesn't state who is really accountable in cases of misinformation and wrong databases information.
However, the different sectors have special concerns about personal data protection and privacy due to a figure created by the Criminal Code Reform Act 9048 to several articles and modification of Section VIII, called Computer Crime and Related, from the title VII of the Criminal Code, called the Superuser. The company accountable for the database have to finance and guarantee complete access to the information to the “superuser”, who “may at any time and as routine check that database without restriction, if there is complaint filed with the Agency, or it has evidence of mishandling of the database or information system. To this end, the Agency shall establish guidelines to ensure the proper performance or functional professional secrecy, and for all cases keep a log in which at least explains the reason, access and queries, as well as the officer assigned to the perform”. The law does not explain the reasons or in what cases can the “superuser” access the information, or what the guidelines are about how to manipulate the information in the database.
##Sources
(1): PPT Presentation “Some Topics about Computer Legislation. Prepared by Alejandra Castro Bonilla, Attorney from Arias & Muñoz Office. November 2012.
(2): People Protection towards treatment of their personal data Act (2011) (attached on indicator 8): Costa Rica created this law with the aim of providing the legal support for citizen complaints of poor handling of their information, and public enterprises and deprived them sets the framework bases data they handle (Art. 1). The law establishes the principle of informational self-determination which is in generally the right of each individual to decide what information provide, which is carried with it and General management and treatment of your data, stated in Article 4, 5. The law establishes the principle of quality of information, which establishes that the institutions, private and public, who handle information must meet certain characteristics, correctness and accuracy, seeking to ensure that persons information is correct, true and updated. Because of this, it is prompted to companies and institutions to have protocols and take the necessary actions, technical and organizational measures to ensure the safety of personal data and avoid its alteration, accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, or unauthorized access, noting the rule that ""such measures shall include at least the mechanisms physical and logical security best suited according to the current technological development, to ensure the protection of stored information"". If you do not meet these requirements, you may not register these databases with the Personal Data Protection Agency (Prodat), that was also created by this law, as the institution that will ensure the data of all citizens in the digital world Costa Rica. At this moment, we are still waiting for the publication of Regulations to the Act, to make the Agency work. Although the same law established wherein for this transient 2013 should be operation, yet without the publication of this Regulation could not begin its work.
(3): Seventh Annual Report Towards the Information and Knowledge Society 2012, Knowledge & Information Society Program (PROSIC), University of Costa Rica (UCR), Chapter 10: http://www.prosic.ucr.ac.cr/materiales/informes/informe-2012
(4): Criminal Code Reform Act 9048 to several articles and modification of Section VIII, called Computer Crime and Related, from the title VII of the Criminal Code: http://www.asamblea.go.cr/Centro_de_informacion/biblioteca/Centro_Dudas/Lists/Formule%20su%20pregunta/Attachments/335/PROYECTO%2017613%20DELITOS%20INFORMATICOS.pdf
(5): Article 288. – Espionage: Will be punished with imprisonment from four to eight years who seek or take unfairly secret policies or national police forces or security information concerning the means of defense or the foreign relations of the nation, or affect the fight against drugs or crime organized. The penalty is five to ten years in prison when the conduct is carried through computer manipulation, programs, malicious computer or by the use of any information technology and communication.
(6): Article 217 bis. - Scam computer: It will be imposed a sentenced of three to six years of jail to who, in detriment of an individual or legal, manipulate or influence the income or result of data automated in processing information system, either through the use of false or incomplete, the misuse of data, programming, using operation of any computer or artifice technological, or any other action that affects the data processing system or data that results false, incomplete or fraudulent, which seek or obtain a benefit or net undue hardship to himself or another. The penalty shall be five to ten years in prison, if the behaviors are committed against information systems public, banking and information systems financial institutions, or where the offender is an employee responsible for administering and support system or network or telematics, or that by reason of their duties have access to the system or network, or containers electronic, optical or magnetic."
"Costa Rica","ODB.2013.C.RTI",4,"In Costa Rica access to the information from offices of the Public Administration is a fundamental and constitutional right. Costa Rica has several laws and jurisdiction that provides a strong legal framework that guarantee access to public information. Communication media has successfully leveraged on this legal framework to demand public information when it have been denied. The citizens usually get responses to their information requests on a timely manner, at a reasonable cost and with acceptable quality. Most important public institutions use to have an information window and a press department to provide this service. However, there is not a law on access to public information, and this is the biggest problem for legal certainty in this regards.
There is not yet any approved Right to Information Act, but in the Open Government Action Plan 2013-2014 commitments were made to make advancements on the creation of a Public Information Access Law (5).
##Sources
(1): Costa Rica Congress, Law 16.98, ""Law of Transparency and Access to Public Information"". July 2008: http://www.gaceta.go.cr/pub/2008/07/03/COMP_03_07_2008.html#_Toc202767247
o ARTICLE 1. - Purpose of the law: This Act aims to promote and ensure transparency of public officials and to regulate access to information held by the state, ensuring a more critical participation and active.
(2): Costa Rica Congress. Law 15.860 “Law of Free Speech and the Right to Information”. June 2005: http://www.hacienda.go.cr/cifh/sidovih/uploads/Proyectos%20de%20ley/Proyectos%20de%20ley-La%20Gaceta%20120-22%20JUN-2005.pdf
- Article 23 The rights of the journalist. Every journalist has the right to: a) Freedom of expression and information. b) The conscience clause. c) Not reveal the source that gave rise to its information. d) Freedom of creation and copyright. e) The free and preferential access to public information sources.
(3): Costa Rica Congress. Law 8.968 “Act of Protection to the Person against Processing of Personal Data”. September 2011: https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/normativa/leydeprotecciondelapersona.pdf
- ARTICLE 1. - Objective and purpose: This law is public and aims to ensure any person, regardless of nationality, residence or domicile, the respect for their fundamental rights, particularly their right to informational self-determination in relation to their life or private activity other personality rights and the defense of their freedom and equality with regard to Automatic or manual data corresponding to their person or property.
(4): Constitutional Court of the Supreme Court of Justice. Vote No. 03074-2002: ""The right to information is one of the men rights and refers to a single public liberty whose respect must be encouraged by the State. This right, in turn, is a social right whose protection, exercise and respect is essential so that citizens take an active part in public tasks and can thus participate in taking decisions that affect the community. In that sense, it is an inalienable and indispensable to the extent that it is assumed that information means participation. Thus, if the information is required for the individual citizen to take decisions, to inform, in turn, is to promote citizen participation. The information law distinguishes three essential powers of those who wield: the power to receive, the right to investigate and the right to disseminate information [...] "".
(5): http://www.gobiernofacil.go.cr/e-gob/gobiernodigital/Gobierno_Abierto/ESPlanAccionGobiernoAbiertoCosta%20Rica2013_2014.pdf"
"Czech Republic","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"The Czech Republic joined the Open Government Partnership (http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/czech-republic) in 2011. Czech OGP Action plan was introduced in April 2012. In June 2013 implementation of the Czech OGP Action plan was assessed and the plan was updated. Most of the commitments were not implemented (the adoption of an Act on Civil Servants, publishing 10 key OD datasets)
Open Government Data has been mentioned in some strategic documents of the Czech government. One of them is the Government anti-corruption strategy for the years 2013-2014. In the document called “Digital Czech Republic 2.0 - A way to the digital economy” mentions OGD, ensuring that published datasets are easily discovered by setting up the OGD catalogue which is one part of the OD strategy.
One of the activities is a revision of the relevant Czech legislation which should strengthen openness of the government data and which should also reflect the requirements of the revised PSI Directive. Internal discussion within the Ministry of Interior about the revision of the FOI Act along with implementation of PSI directive is going on. The draft of revision of FOI Act with Open Data amendments have been prepared and is the inner resorts of Ministry of Interior. Extending the Portal of the public administration (portal.gov.cz) with the Open Government Data section and OGD cataloguing features is being discussed as well.
From this September Ministry of Interior (main guarantor for Open Government Data) is about to launch a OD project(http://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/otevrena-data.aspx, only in CZ) covering OD activities across all ministries, with founding OD catalog (data.gov.cz), OD trainings. More about this OD project in this PPT presentation (only in CZ).
Some Czech state institutions also publish its open data. For instance, In 2013 Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic published subset of the State treasury data as OGD - http://monitor.statnipokladna.cz/en/2014/ Results of Inspection of State Authorities - http://vysledkykontrol.cz/. Czech Telecommunication Office publish its open data (http://www.ctu.cz/otevrena-data/katalog-otevrenych-dat-ctu.html) and also Czech Statistical Office publish data in open data format from census, election results (http://www.czso.cz/csu/redakce.nsf/i/otevrena_data or http://volby.cz/)"
"Czech Republic","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",8,"There is big demand for open data from the NGO's sector and from private sector. Otakar Motejl Fund (part of Open Society Prague) (motejl.cz/en) and Opendata.cz - “Initiative for Transparent Data Infrastructure,”- OpenData.cz(http://opendata.cz/en). For instance, Otakar Motejl Fund coordinated campaign ""We want open data"" (http://bit.ly/1n6ua1e or in CZ ) to call for Open Government Data and OD principles. Secondly, Otakar Motejl Fund organized conference at Czech Parliament (http://bit.ly/1qYQbhJ) to advocate for Open data among MP's and state officials. Regular Open data meetups organized by Otakar Motejl Fund helps to connect Open data community with business sector. OGD community is also steered by NášStát.cz (http://www.nasstat.cz/en/ - OurState.cz) organised regular Open data meetups or hackathons (http://bit.ly/1zYMVZV).
Otakar Motejl Fund, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics of the University of Economics, Prague and the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University in Prague established the Open Data Forum (http://www.otevrenadata.cz/o-nas/) in 2013. Goal of the Open Data Forum is to foster adoption of the Open Data principles, especially in the government domain, to coordinate activities of the OGD experts and to collaborate on OGD related research.
Also Czech Data Journalism Handbook is now available in Czech - more http://bit.ly/1u97SRd. It was translated and edited by Michaela Rybičková from Otakar Motejl Fund. (see more http://bit.ly/1u97SRd )"
"Czech Republic","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"The Ministry of Interior has made a key step to support OD projects which is supposed to start this September 2014, till December 2015 and is supposed to cover all state OD projects among ministries and state institutions. (http://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/otevrena-data.aspx, more about project in this PPT http://www.cssi.cz/cssi/system/files/all/Seminar_CSSI_6-6-2014_Kroupa.pdf ). This project will result in OD open data round tables with business, NGO's, academic sphere etc."
"Czech Republic","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",4,"Open Data Forum runs project open cities which aims to foster and support publishing open data in regions and local municipalities. Only three cities guaranteed to publish its data, however only City of Děčín (http://www.mmdecin.cz/dokumenty/cat_view/238-otevrena-data) published its (datasets SWOT analyses,public contracts, properties owned by the city, budget, accounting statements). Also Vysočina Region have opened up its data (http://opendata.kr-vysocina.cz/). Since Otakar Motejl Fund prepared Open Data Handbook which aims to help cities and local municipalities publish its data, its is more likely that more regions and cities will follow up example of Vysočina region and City Děčín."
"Czech Republic","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",5,"There is limited access to training on open data issues. Few seminars were organised by Open Data Forum (http://www.cssi.cz/cssi/otevrena-propojitelna-data-verejne-spravy-aktivity-postupy-navod). Some presentations and workshop are offered by datajournalist from Datablog.cz (http://www.datablog.cz/o-projektu/nabidka-prednasky) and iHned.cz as wells as workshop of data journalism(http://www.osf.cz/novinky/fond-otakara-motejla-zve-na-workshop-datove-zurnalistiky). However, there is no special and professional open data training available. The situation may have changed with new OD project coordinated by Ministry of Interior which was mentioned above. Otakar Motejl Fund with OtevrenanaSpolecnost.cz organised regional seminars (April - June 2014)for mayors and officials from cities and local municipalities on open data and FOI Act. Series of workshops ""Data of Achilles"" were organised on the issue of data and investigative journalism"
"Czech Republic","ODB.2013.I.GOV",4,"There are few cases when financial adviser of ministry of finance proved that open data can significantly increase efficiency of state institutions. (http://www.penize.cz/statni-rozpocet/285385-ales-michl-filozofie-uklidu-na-ministerstvu-financi). Also Czech Telecommunication Office which recently published its data proved that analyses made on its own IT systems with open data helped them to increase efficiency. (http://www.ctu.cz/aktuality/tiskove-zpravy.html?action=detail&ArticleId=10859). The application resulted from Czech Open Data Challenge, FondyEU.Eu helps to save the money from the EU funds and shows transparency behind EU fundings (http://ceskapozice.lidovky.cz/otevreni-dat-zpruhlednilo-evropske-penize-fkj-/tema.aspx?c=A131129_231413_pozice_137875)"
"Czech Republic","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",2,"Based on the fact that open data are part of anticorruption strategy 2013-2014 for the years 2013-2014 (http://www.korupce.cz/cz/protikorupcni-strategie-vlady/protikorupcni-strategie-104809/) In general open data has indirect impact on increasing transparency and accountability. However, there is no clear study on this issue yet."
"Czech Republic","ODB.2013.I.ENV",3,"In general there is lack of open data on environmental issue, but there are few application based on the air pollution data. For instance, www.SmogAlarm.cz enables to see air pollution quality in the region and thus raising awareness of public about the quality of air in the regions. The application called DejchejBrno.cz (http://www.dejchejbrno.cz/) monitor every air pollution in city Brno. The other application monitors and controls streams of Czech rivers (http://www.raft.cz/sjizdnost.aspx) using data from Czech Hydrometeorological Institute Some of the weather and climate data are available by Czech Hydrometeorological Institue. (http://www.chmi.cz/)."
"Czech Republic","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is low evidence on a noticeable impact on increasing the inclusion of marginalised groups in policy making. There is big lack of governmental data. Results of census from Czech statistician ofice are published. Hardly any proved that open data had an impact."
"Czech Republic","ODB.2013.I.ECON",2,"There is lack of economic studies which would prove that open data had a noticeable positive impact on the economy in the Czech Republic. On the other hand open data had a noticeable impact on being implemented on strategic government documents highlighting main benefits of open data: transparency, effeciency of state institutions and economic growth. Furthermore, open data are part of strategic documents of Czech governments like Government anti-corruption strategy for the years 2013-2014. In the document called “Digital Czech Republic 2.0 - A way to the digital economy”. On the other hand open data are highly used by data journalist from Ihned.cz. For instance, voting results http://data.blog.ihned.cz/c1-62241760-podivejte-se-kdo-vyhral-u-vas-vysledky-voleb-ve-vsech-obcich or about the present of MP's at parliaments (http://zpravy.ihned.cz/politika/c1-62404170-data-tretina-senatoru-chybela-nejmene-na-30-procentech-vsech-hlasovani)"
"Czech Republic","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",4,"There are small scale examples of commercial apps, websites which are built with open data. But its in a marginal level since there is still big lack of open data with business potential in the country. Some examples include: Daty.cz (http://daty.cz/) which is kind of company register. Smartform.cz which helps to check postal address. Visual company register (http://obchodni-rejstrik.podnikani.cz/). Only few freelancers and students built apps with open data but neither big companies or corporate companies."
"Czech Republic","ODB.2013.C.DPL",7,"A legal or regulatory regime exists by The Office for Personal Data Protection (http://www.uoou.cz/en/) which sets data protection policies, and decides on specic cases and matters. The personal data protection is set by Act NO. 101/2000 coll.on the protection of personal data (http://www.uoou.cz/en/vismo/zobraz_dok.asp?id_org=200156&id_ktg=1107&archiv=0&p1=1105) However, there is no list of best practices which could be used for improving personal data protection. Also the right of choice to individuals is missing."
"Czech Republic","ODB.2013.C.RTI",7,"The FOI was passed in 1999: http://www.otevrete.cz/en/the-freedom-of-information-act-with-signed-changes-by-amendment-from-2006-153.html. In general, citizens receive responses to requests for government information within 15 days and at reasonable cost. Public sector institutions provide responses to anybody upon citizen request. The responses are typically on of acceptable quality. However, sometimes, particularly in the field of open data, there is at least one case when institution did not provide requested information for reasonable cost, for data in open data format, it did cost almost 2000CZK. (1) Furthermore, there is no jurisdiction who/which insitution will decide in specific manners. Quite often requests from citizens are denied by institutions and when its requested again its denied for the second time, and thus it not come to the end.
Nowadays the Ministry of Interior prepares implementation of PSI directive by the EU to novelisation of FOI which should be implemented according to PSI directive till July 2015. The draft of the novelisation is published in the website of the Ministry of interior and its publicly open for discussion (see http://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/transpozicni-novelizace-zakona-c-106-1999-sb-o-svobodnem-pristupu-k-informacim.aspx)However, in the current draft of FOI prepared by Ministry of Interior is stated that every request should be charged. More about in the article of open data expert by Michal Berg (2)
1- http://www.infoprovsechny.cz/request/pozice_kilometrovnk_esk_dlnin_st
2- http://berg.blog.ihned.cz/c1-62646600-zpoplatni-ministerstvo-vnitra-pristup-k-informacim-a-hodi-to-na-eu"
"Denmark","ODB.2013.C.INIT",8,"There is a well planned and resourced open data state level initiative, The basic data program (1), which is derived from the eGovernment Strategy 2011-2015 and the Open Data Innovation Strategy (6) “Public authorities in Denmark register various core information about individuals, businesses, real properties, buildings, addresses, and more. This information, called basic data, is re-used throughout the public sector and is an important basis for public authorities to perform their tasks properly and efficiently. Not least because an ever greater number of tasks have to be performed digitally and across units, administrations and sectors. However, basic data also has great value for the private sector, partly because businesses use this data in their internal processes and, partly, because the information contained in public-sector data can be exploited for entirely new products and solutions, in There is a very well planned and resourced open data state level initiative, The basic data program (1). “Public authorities in Denmark register various core information about individuals, businesses, real properties, buildings, addresses, and more. This information, called basic data, is re-used throughout the public sector and is an important basis for public authorities to perform their tasks properly and efficiently. Not least because an ever greater number of tasks have to be performed digitally and across units, administrations and sectors. However, basic data also has great value for the private sector, partly because businesses use this data in their internal processes and, partly, because the information contained in public-sector data can be exploited for entirely new products and solutions, in particular digital ones. In short, good basic data, which is freely available to the private sector, is a potential driver for innovation, growth and job creation. Therefore, the Danish government has launched a basic-data initiative. Read more about the initiative in the publication 'Good Basic Data for Everyone – A Driver for Growth and Efficiency'.” See further in EU document from page 109 (5)
This initiative is backed by 7 ministries, the municipalities and the regions.
Denmark supports the G8 Open Data Charter and the EU PSI-laws and has recently joined the Open Government Partnership (2), (3), (7)
The Danish Parliament has also opened data and the are some health data initiatives underway, but these are not coordinated with the Basic Data program (4)
Room for improvement as there are many datasets that are not yet included in this initiative
(1) http://www.digst.dk/Servicemenu/English/Digitisation/Basic-Data
(2) http://www.digst.dk/Servicemenu/Nyheder/Nyhedsarkiv/Digitaliseringsstyrelsen/2013/Open-Data-Charter
(3) https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-data-charter/g8-open-data-charter-and-technical-annex
(4) http://www.computerworld.dk/art/228363/nu-kan-du-rode-i-bjerge-af-data-fra-folketinget
(5) http://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/initial-report_en.pdf
(6) http://www.digst.dk/Servicemenu/English/Policy-and-Strategy/eGOV-strategy
http://www.digst.dk/Servicemenu/English/Policy-and-Strategy/Open-Data-Innovation-Strategy-ODIS
(7) http://www.digst.dk/Servicemenu/English/Policy-and-Strategy/Open-Government"
"Denmark","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",8,"The Agency for Digitization hired an Evangelist to take care of communicating with the private sector on issues to do with the Basic Data program (1). There are regular Data Drinks hosted by volunteers who are interested in the subject, both from public and private parties, in Copenhagen (2) and in Aarhus (3) The Open Knowledge Foundation is quite active in Denmark (4). This year there was an Open Data day (5).
(1) http://www.yatedo.com/p/Nicolas+Lemcke+Horst/normal/38f5fbc3b6f9940eb229e594090872db
http://www.google.dk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=5&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CEIQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.registret.dk%2Fbinary%2FInvitation%2520dkr.pdf&ei=LGOxU6bTJIjGPJG6gTA&usg=AFQjCNEjpQyrY0JKqqBL9uNjXGCqlcG7sw&sig2=JG6cxk1zsqhxNjb33IIfYg
http://www.tdwi.dk/index.php/44-forside/89-tdwi-arrangement-om-data-bi-i-offentligt-perspektiv-14-maj-2014-kl-13-17
(2) http://www.meetup.com/CPH-Data-Drinks/
(3) https://www.facebook.com/AarhusDataDrinks
(4) http://dk.okfn.org/
(5) http://dk.opendataday.org/"
"Denmark","ODB.2013.C.CITY",8,"The government has made a substantial commitment to support a culture of innovation with open data, including some financial incentives and supporting a range of different activities (see list). These include events that target private sector use of open data and are in many cases a cooperation between public and private stakeholders.. Multiple government departments are involved in supporting innovation with open data, like the Geodata Agency, the Danish Business Authority, the Agency for Digitization, Aarhus municipality and Copenhagen (through cooperation with Cleantech cluster) and various cultural organizations.
Open Data Day in Denmark hosted four different workshops it is run by CSOs but with participation from the public sector (1)
Datalab Hackathon with open data from the tax authorities, it is also basically a CSO venture but with participants from both state and municipalities (2)
Hackathon in Aarhus (3)
The Business Authorities Case competition. Price for the 3 best ideas was DKK 50.000 for each(4)
Use of geographic information in Minecraft, Geodatastyrelsen spent some money on this, basically server cost (5)
Hack4DK, organized by major heritage institutions in Denmark (6)
Privately funded idea competition for proposals for a data platform for the City of Copenhagen and the Capital Region – will result in a tender (7).
The ODIS (Offentlige Data I Spil - Public Data At Large) competition/initiative (8)
(1) http://dk.opendataday.org/workshops-and-hackathons/
http://dk.okfn.org/tag/hackathon/
(2) http://trendsonline.dk/2013/11/13/datalab-hackathon-med-aben-data-fra-skat/
(3) http://asmarterplanet.com/dk/blog/2014/01/hackathon-i-aarhus-kommune-kan-open-data-hjaelpe-nye-studerende-med-at-finde-et-sted-at-bo.html
(4) http://databeta.virk.dk/casecompetition
http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Viden/Tech/2014/06/17/155033.htm
http://www.computerworld.dk/art/231206/her-er-danmarks-tre-bedste-apps-bygget-paa-offentlige-data
(5) http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-05-05/to-teach-and-delight-denmark-recreates-itself-in-minecraft
http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2014/04/danish-government-releases-geographic-data-by-way-of-11-minecraft-map/
http://gst.dk/emner/frie-data/minecraft/ http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Indland/2014/04/23/223436.htm
(6) http://hack4dk.wordpress.com/programme-2013/
(7) http://www.cphcleantech.com/home/strategic-initiatives/ongoing-projects/big-data-infrastructure
http://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:318071-2013:TEXT:EN:HTML&src=0&tabId=0
(8) http://digitaliser.dk/group/237756"
"Denmark","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",7,"The three biggest cities in Denmark all have open data initiatives and the Local Government Denmark (LGDK) (an interest group of all 98 Danish municipalities) is cooperating with the national government in the Basic Data program (see C1)
Copenhagen open data initiative (1)
Open data in Aarhus city (2)
Open data in Odense (3)
(1) http://data.kk.dk/
(2) http://www.odaa.dk/
(3) http://odensedataplatform.dk/"
"Denmark","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",9,"The supply of data-related courses has exploded over the past year. There are technical courses, courses to do with publication of data, license issues and more. Some examples:
Big Data course for beginners also with analytics (1)
Three different courses on how to generate value from big data and use of statistics (2)
Another big data course, more technical – use of NoSQL and Hadoop amongst others (3)
Big data management (4)
How to use the current open data (5)
Open data licensing (6)
(1) http://www.kommunikationsforum.dk/kommunikationskurser/kursus-big-data-koebenhavn-kommunikation
(2) http://bigdatainstitute.dk/undervisning/
(3) http://www.kursusplanen.dk/course/information.aspx?id=or0242
(4) https://mit.itu.dk/ucs/cb_www/course.sml?course_id=1397549&mode=search&semester_id=1376480&lang=da&print_friendly_p=t&goto=1369232017.000
(5) http://www.cdmkurser.dk/strategi/kursus-i-big-data-og-bbr-data/
(6) http://mmex.dk/blog/kursus-i-%C3%A5bne-data-og-licensering"
"Denmark","ODB.2013.I.GOV",6,"The famous case of Denmark´s addresser estimates around EUR 62 million in economic benefits over 4 years from opening address data (1). Deloitte made an analysis on the benefit of opening (2) Danish geospatial data and estimate that geodata created DKK 190 million in efficiency gains in 2012 (before opening, a new estimate will be done after full implementation of the Basic data program to compare). ""40 per cent of the public users indicate that the Danish Geodata Agency’s data will be of importance for the efficiency in the performance of tasks in 4 to 5 years. 80 per cent indicate that there is a savings potential in using geodata. These savings are to be seen against the background that in general, it is assessed that there are great opportunities in utilising geodata and digitising administrative processes to a higher degree than today.""
According to the Basic Data Project´s business case, the municipalities should already be seeing some efficiency gains from open basic data (3)
(1) http://www.adresseinfo.dk/Portals/2/Benefit/Value_Assessment_Danish_Address_Data_UK_2010-07-07b.pdf
(2) http://eng.gst.dk/media/gst/2626131/GST%20The%20impact%20of%20the%20open%20geographical%20data.pdf
(3) http://erhvervsstyrelsen.dk/file/280160/basicData-uk-web-2012-10_08.pdf"
"Denmark","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",4,"An example where use of open data on election results uncovered an error in counting votes (1), (2).
Denmark is now a member of the Open Government Partnership (3). Although this is not a clear result from open data, the open data discussion preceded the open government discussion and might have influenced policymakers somewhat
I would say the open spending initiative has created increased transparency (4)
As Denmark is consistently the leader in the Transparency index, it is hard to rate Denmark extremely low but there is not a lot of evidence to support the fact that some of this has resulted from open data (5)
(1) http://dk.okfn.org/category/offentlige-data/
(2) http://www.version2.dk/artikel/aabne-data-afsloerer-valgfejl-ja-og-nej-stemmer-blev-byttet-om-58873
(3) http://www.digst.dk/Servicemenu/Nyheder/Nyhedsarkiv/Digitaliseringsstyrelsen/2013/Ny-national-handlingsplan-for-open-government
(4) https://openspending.org/statens-indkoeb/meta
(5) http://transparency.dk/?p=2543"
"Denmark","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",7,"A new company Bisbase, uses data from the company registration and geodata and publishes analysis targetet to branches and companies, using a freemium model (1)
A new company, Septima, specialize in using and transposing geographic data. They are both enriching data, using data in new ways and creating map-based solutions and apps (2)
This is not a new company, Geomatic, founded in 2002 - but they make use of the now freely available data from the government (3)
This company is also making use of these data, mostly building solutions like ""connectors"" to use the data directly in company´s computer systems (4)
A company doing data analysis, not new but growing (5 employees today) (5)
Real estate price assessment based on data (6)
A good example of a company that used to sell enriched data but after data was made free they had to change their business model. They are actually growing today in spite of initial worries (7)
The student who won the first prize in the Business Authorities Case competition with the solar panel app (that uses weather and map data) will use the prize money to start his own company.
Here is a new app designed by Cavi, an interdisciplinary research center in Aarhus, to show the potential of open data – using open traffic data (8)
Boliga is a real estate search engine that also draws on public data to offer additional services to aid potiential house buyers as well as house owners that are interested in selling. (9)
(1) http://www.bisbase.dk/
(2) http://www.septima.dk/produkter/
(3) http://www.geomatic.dk/english
(4) http://www.jo-informatik.dk/referencer/
(5) http://www.mapicture.dk/en/#products
(6) http://www.andelsvurderinger.dk/ydelser/myhouse/
(7) http://www.krak.dk/information/omkrak/
(8) http://cavi.au.dk/news/enkelt/artikel/drive-now-new-app-guides-you-through-the-traffic/
(9) http://boliga.dk"
"Denmark","ODB.2013.I.ECON",6,"According to this business case, the basic data program will create economic value for Denmark, but this is a projection, not evaluation after the fact (1)
According to this survey made by Deloitte, there are strong indicators that the open release of geodata has already had impact on the economy (2)
""The analysis indicates that the release – despite a minor effect in the market for the time being – has strongly pushed the innovation activities in the existing companies in the market and resulted in the formation of new companies and business units. This might sharpen competition in the market. Open geodata has gone from being an element that in itself was not driving innovation, but a cost factor, to become an actual factor that drives development of new products and services. Thus a basis for more growth and productivity is created though the effect has yet only materialised to a limited extent. 35 per cent of the companies indicate that they have enhanced existing products and services. 15 per cent have developed new products and introduced them to the market in 2013, and 15 per cent have developed products that are expected to be introduced to the market within a short period of time. Furthermore, 25 per cent indicate that they have changed or developed internal processes and working procedures because geodata can now become part of the business base, e.g. in all utility companies in the country. Finally, there are examples of new companies being established or existing companies establishing new business areas where the new market opportunities being a result of the release can be cultivated.""
According to a survey made by Geoforum (a NGO with a special interest for Geodata) the geographic data industry (about 1000 people today) expects to grow 16,5% in 2014 and 65,4% of the companies say that free geographic data has positively influenced their business, while 8,7% believe it has harmed their businesses (3)
(1) http://erhvervsstyrelsen.dk/file/280160/basicData-uk-web-2012-10_08.pdf
(2)
http://eng.gst.dk/media/gst/2626131/GST%20The%20impact%20of%20the%20open%20geographical%20data.pdf
(3) http://www.dagensbyggeri.dk/nyheder/nyhed?id=78831
See also I6"
"Denmark","ODB.2013.I.INC",3,"This is very hard to estimate. There are some initiatives that aim for more participation, somewhat based on the Open Government ideology but not really on open data. Marginalized groups in Denmark would be the poor and less educated and perhaps the elderly, as well as those with disabilities. Inclusion in the context of ICT and e-Government in Denmark focuses mostly on addressing the digital divide, and they have clear plans for that. See for instance, where they say they will increase inclusion with more user-friendly self-service solutions, which partly depend on the quality of data and the ability of data re-use, and some initiatives where the elderly and those with poor computer skills get help in learning how to use digital self-service solutions. (1)
A new platform has been launched, where citizens can read about welfare initiatives and results of initiatives could impact the citizen’s knowledge on their rights (2)
A new app has been developed in Aarhus which provides citizens information about big events and disasters, such as fires or water pollution. This could influence the ability of those that might stay at home all day to get information on disasters, like water pollution, that others get in their workplace. 30 thousand have downloaded the app (3). Nevertheless, the link to open data remains weak.
(1) http://www.digst.dk/~/media/Files/Styring/Danmark_Open%20Government%20Handlingsplan%202013-2014_DA_1-sidet%20print.pdf
(2) http://www.modernisering.nu
(3) http://www.aarhus.dk/?sc_itemid=679C092A-3DF5-4233-966F-46EE7B9241B8"
"Denmark","ODB.2013.I.ENV",3,"The app that won The Business Authorities Case competition on use of the now free Basic data is energy related: Suncatching which helps people correctly adjust their solar panels (becoming quite widespread in Denmark) to increase energy efficiency. But this is not in production yet.
The winner of another app contest for open data use in Aarhus was also an energy app, Green Champ. They combined some data form the utilities to measure the use of water and energy in homes.
According to this article (1), there is still a lack of infrastructure and data on environmental concerns (at least use of energy)
Here it says: ""Common environmental data will improve the collaboration between local government and water utilities in order to make climate efforts more efficient and effective.""
The MiljøGIS portal exposes open data that can be used to asses the impact of climate change, and thus aid in deciding necessary steps to adapt to climate change, but it is still too early for impact (3).
(1) http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Viden/Tech/Kommentarer/Anders_Hoeeg_Nissen/2013/10/25/104237.htm
(2) http://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/initial-report_en.pdf
(3) http://miljoegis.mim.dk/cbkort?&profile=miljoegis-klimatilpasningsplaner"
"Denmark","ODB.2013.C.DPL",8,"Privacy law in Denmark is supervised and enforced by the independent agency Datatilsynet (The Danish Data Protection Agency) based mainly upon the Act on Processing of Personal Data (1).
In Danish privacy law, the two main acts that provide the basis for the collecting and storing private data are the Act on Processing of Personal Data and the Data Retention Executive Order.
The Act on Processing of Personal Data, Act No. 429 (the “DPA”) dated 31 May 2000 implementing the Data Protection Directive. The DPA has subsequently been amended by: Act No. 280, dated 25 April 2001; Act No. 552, dated 24 June 2005; Act No. 519, dated 6 June 2007; Act No. 188, dated 18 March 2009, Act No. 503, dated 12 June 2009; Act No. 422, dated 5 October 2011; Act No.1245 dated 18 December 2012 and Act No. 639, dated 12 June 2013 [2]
According to PPD Section 7 there may be no processing of personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, trade union membership, or data concerning health or sex life. Exceptions can be allowed under certain conditions. Private controllers must in most cases obtain the authorisation of the Danish Data Protection Agency before processing data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, trade union membership, or data concerning health or sexual relations, criminal offences, serious social problems, or other purely private matters. An exemption from the Act is provided in Section 2, subsections 5 and 11, for processing performed on behalf of Folketinget (the Danish Parliament) and its related institutions, the Danish Security Intelligence Service and the Danish Defence Intelligence Service. According to Chapter 17 of the PPD, the Danish Court Administration supervises the processing of data carried out on behalf of Danish courts. According to Section 2, subsection 4, some of the rules in the Act do not apply to the processing of data that is performed on behalf of the courts, the police or the prosecution in the area of criminal law. The PPD and the Act on Public Administration were amended by Act No. 503 of 12 June 2009. From 1 July 2009 the PPD, Section 1(3), also regulates the manual transfer of personal data between public authorities. Before this date this processing operation was regulated by Act on Public Administration, Section 28(1-3). Transfer of confidential and non-confidential personal information between public authorities has been somewhat expanded (PPD Section 8(2) No. 3), since the amended PPD now allows for the transfer of sensitive information if it is necessary for case-handling for the receiving authority. (2)
Directive 2009/136/EC was implemented in the new Danish Act on Electronic Communications Services and Networks which came into force on 25 May 2011 in accordance with the implementation deadline in the Directive (3)
Denmark has decided to repeal the widely criticized session logging practices (5)
(1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_Law_in_Denmark
(2) http://www.datatilsynet.dk/english/the-act-on-processing-of-personal-data/
http://www.datatilsynet.dk/english/
(3) https://www.privacyinternational.org/reports/denmark/i-legal-framework
(4) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:337:0011:0036:en:PDF
(5) http://beta.slashdot.org/submission/3599473/extended-session-logging-ends-in-denmark
http://www.justitsministeriet.dk/nyt-og-presse/pressemeddelelser/2014/justitsministeren-oph%C3%A6ver-reglerne-om-sessionslogning
http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Viden/Tech/2014/06/095708.htm"
"Denmark","ODB.2013.C.RTI",7,"FOI law: Offentlighedslov nr. 606 af 12. juni 2013
People in Denmark can file a request for information either in writing, in person or by telephone – thus greatly facilitating the FOI process. However, there are no provisions for anonymity or protection from retaliation (1)
The Danish parliament approved controversial changes to its public information law May 4 2014, that will reduce the availability of documents prepared during the development of new policies and legislation. The law will exempt disclosure of correspondence between ministries and the civil service if a minister is requesting advice. Ministers’ calendars also are made exempt. Passage was ensured by the united support of the ruling parties. The bill was approved on a 99-42 vote, with 38 lawmakers absent or abstaining. Critics argued that various past political scandals would not have been uncovered if the new law had been in effect. The expanded exemption, they say, is too broad. (2)
Sections 24 and 27 were at the heart of the debate. Section 24 says:
The right of access does not include internal documents and information exchanged at a time when there is a concrete reason to believe that a minister has or will have a need for civil service advice and assistance between: 1) A ministry department and its subordinate authorities. 2) Various ministries.
Section 27(2) excludes documents exchanged between ministers and members of parliament involving legislation (3).
11 thousand have liked a Facebook site ""saying no to the new FOI law"" (4)
Still, Denmark is number one on the Transparency International List of perceived corruption (meaning very low corruption) which gives an indication that there is sufficient transparency (5) and also scores high in voter turnout (an indication of trust in government) in the OECD better live index (6)
Sources
(1) https://www.offentlighedsportalen.dk/OmOffentlighedsloven
(2) http://transparency.dk/?page_id=1401#
http://www.freedominfo.org/2013/02/proposed-danish-foi-revisions-draw-criticisms/
(3) http://cphpost.dk/news/freedom-of-information-act-could-damage-denmarks-reputation.5004.html
(4) https://www.facebook.com/NejTakTilDenNyeOffentlighedslov
(5) http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2013/results/
http://transparency.dk/
(6) http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/denmark/"
"Ecuador","ODB.2013.C.INIT",2,"The Ecuadorian government has made a commitment to comply with Ecuador’s Transparency Law (LOTAIP). As I have explained earlier, according to this law, all public entities must include on their websites all information considered public by this Law. The Law’s text includes a detailed list as to what is public information(1). Grupo Faro, an important NGO in Ecuador, measures the level of compliance of public institutions in the area of forest policy. According to their 2012 report, the governmen’t compliance with the law is better each year (2). On the other hand, the government has created specialized websites to offer open data. For example, the Higher Education Information System (3) (SNIESE). Given all these positive signs on the issue of open data, it must be noted that the website for the National Information System (4) (SNI) which publishes useful data for development and public finances planning is not an open data website. On the other hand, two regular users of open data published by the Ecuadorian government, one of them a consultant who has worked with many public institutions, indicate that information is frequently published in such manner that it makes it extremely difficult to use, that it is not complete or that is cleaned up or disguised previous to publication. Both informers prefer to remain anonymous.
##SOURCES
(1): http://transparencia.grupofaro.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/LOTAIP-Ley.pdf
(2): http://www.grupofaro.org/sites/default/files/archivos/publicaciones/2013/2013-06-27/informe_de_transparencia_forestal_2012.pdf
(3): http://www.sniese.gob.ec/web/guest
(4): www.sni.gob.ec
(5): Anonymous interview"
"Ecuador","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",3,"Apparently, professionals in the field of ICTs are slowly adhering to the promotion of open data. Ecuador’s “chapter” of the Open Knowledge Society is inactive since January 2014 (1). No clear records of any activity in Ecuador last February 28th for the Open Data day could be found. Finally, Fundapi is an Ecuadorian CSO promoting open data (2). Their website includes a list of allies, with only one public institution, the Municipality of Guayaquil.
##SOURCES
(1): http://ec.okfn.org/
(2): http://www.fundapi.org/quienes-somos/"
"Ecuador","ODB.2013.C.CITY",1,"No such information could be found. However, the government has promoted competitions in the field of ICTs. The Ministry of Telecommunications opened up a National Contest for Innovation in April 2013 (1). The contest had three categories, none of them addressing open data. Another contest by the same institution launched in June 2014 invites Infocenter facilitators to propose ideas on how to improve the centers’ services (2). Infocenters are public spaces equipped with computers with free internet connection.
##SOURCES
(1): http://www.telecomunicaciones.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/04/BASES-CONCURSO-INNOVACION.pdf
(2): http://www.observatoriotic.mintel.gob.ec/images/varios/ConcursosInnovatic/Bases_Concurso_Innovatic_Infocentros-04-06-2014.pdf"
"Ecuador","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",2,"Quito, the capital city has an open data initiative, which publishes information on mobility and public works from the municipal agency.
##SOURCES
(1): http://opendata.epmmop.gob.ec/?q=dataset"
"Ecuador","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",2,"Professionals in the field of ICTs report that there is enough knowledge in Ecuador not only on the issue of open data but also on the solutions to implement such initiatives. However, evidence of recent courses or activities regarding open data can hardly be found (1).
##SOURCES
(1): http://www.utpl.edu.ec/comunicacion/se-realiza-taller-introductorio-al-proyecto-open-data-en-la-utpl/"
"Ecuador","ODB.2013.I.ENV",1,"The ONG Grupo Faros published in 2013 its report of forest transparency (1), which indicates that the process of making information public in the area of forest governance has improved control of illegal forest exploitation specifically through the system of Forest Administration System. The government’s Unique System of Environmental Information (2) is also mentioned as a positive environmental tool.
##Sources
(1): http://www.grupofaro.org/sites/default/files/archivos/publicaciones/2013/2013-06-27/informe_de_transparencia_forestal_2012.pdf
(2): http://saf.ambiente.gob.ec/ambienteseam/index.seam"
"Ecuador","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Grupo Faro, an important NGO in Ecuador measures how public institutions in the areas of Forest governance and Health comply with the Law of Transparency. In the case of Forest governance, their most recent report measures compliance for year 2012. The text indicates that “there is evidence of advances of public institutions in providing information and in greater coordination among these institutions” (1). Their 2012 health institutions report (2) outlines the importance of publishing information such as services offered by the institutions, timetables and other indications. The report does not establish a direct link between the role of open data in public health institutions and an improvement of efficiency and effectiveness, but it is well known that the public health service in Ecuador has improved its coverage and it is possible to infer that the publishing of services and timetables of health services lead to an improvement in efficiency.
##Sources
(1): http://www.grupofaro.org/sites/default/files/archivos/publicaciones/2013/2013-06-27/informe_de_transparencia_forestal_2012.pdf (pg 21)
(2): http://www.grupofaro.org/sites/default/files/archivos/publicaciones/2013/2013-09-30/informe_monitoreo_lotaip_sector_salud_.pdf (pg 12)"
"Ecuador","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"No impact evidence was found. I made a general search with the terms “open data”, “Ecuador” and “entrepreneurs, businesses”. Then, I searched for “open data” and “Ecuador”. Then, I found two organizations that work in the issue of open data and searched their webpages to see if I found any reports on the impact of open data: Open Knowledge Foundation, Ecuador (1) and Fundapi, Foundation of Aid through Internet (2) . I searched the two largest newspapers in the country for “open data”, El Comercio (3) and El Universo (4). I searched the NGO Grupo Faro’s website, since I knew they work on the issue of transparency (5). Finally, I interviewed Christian Espinosa, who is a journalist specialized in the field of new media and creator of the news webpage Cobertura Digital, and Carlos Correa, who is the Information and Technology Director at the university Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. Neither the web searches nor the interviews led to any factual reports on the impact of open data.
##SOURCES
(1): http://ec.okfn.org/2013/05/21/bienvenidos/
(2): http://www.fundapi.org/tag/open-data/
(3): www.elcomercio.com
(4): www.eluniverso.com
(5): www.grupofaro.org"
"Ecuador","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"No impact evidence was found. I made a general search with the terms “open data”, “Ecuador” and “transparency and accountability”. Then, I searched for “open data” and “Ecuador”. Then, I found two organizations that work in the issue of open data and searched their webpages to see if I found any reports on the impact of open data: Open Knowledge Foundation, Ecuador (1) and Fundapi, Foundation of Aid through Internet (2) . I searched the two largest newspapers in the country for “open data”, El Comercio (3) and El Universo (4). I searched the NGO Grupo Faro’s website, since I knew they work on the issue of transparency (5). Finally, I interviewed Christian Espinosa, who is a journalist specialized in the field of new media and creator of the news webpage Cobertura Digital, and Carlos Correa, who is the Information and Technology Director at the university Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. Neither the web searches nor the interviews led to any factual reports on the impact of open data.
Grupo Faro, an important NGO in Ecuador measures how public institutions in the areas of Forest governance and Health comply with the Law of Transparency. In the case of Forest governance, their most recent report measures compliance for year 2012. The text indicates that “there is evidence of advances of public institutions in providing information and in greater coordination among these institutions” (6).
##SOURCES
(1): http://ec.okfn.org/2013/05/21/bienvenidos/
(2): http://www.fundapi.org/tag/open-data/
(3): www.elcomercio.com
(4): www.eluniverso.com
(5): www.grupofaro.org
(6): http://www.grupofaro.org/sites/default/files/archivos/publicaciones/2013/2013-06-27/informe_de_transparencia_forestal_2012.pdf (pg 21)"
"Ecuador","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No impact evidence was found. I made a general search with the terms “open data”, “Ecuador” and ”inclusion”. Then, I searched for “open data” and “Ecuador”. Then, I found two organizations that work in the issue of open data and searched their webpages to see if I found any reports on the impact of open data: Open Knowledge Foundation, Ecuador (1) and Fundapi, Foundation of Aid through Internet (2) . I searched the two largest newspapers in the country for “open data”, El Comercio (3) and El Universo (4). I searched the NGO Grupo Faro’s website, since I knew they work on the issue of transparency (5). Finally, I interviewed Christian Espinosa, who is a journalist specialized in the field of new media and creator of the news webpage Cobertura Digital, and Carlos Correa, who is the Information and Technology Director at the university Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. Neither the web searches nor the interviews led to any factual reports on the impact of open data.
##SOURCES
(1): http://ec.okfn.org/2013/05/21/bienvenidos/
(2): http://www.fundapi.org/tag/open-data/
(3): www.elcomercio.com
(4): www.eluniverso.com
(5): www.grupofaro.org"
"Ecuador","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"No impact evidence was found. I made a general search with the terms “open data”, “Ecuador” and ”economy”. Then, I searched for “open data” and “Ecuador”. Then, I found two organizations that work in the issue of open data and searched their webpages to see if I found any reports on the impact of open data: Open Knowledge Foundation, Ecuador (1) and Fundapi, Foundation of Aid through Internet (2) . I searched the two largest newspapers in the country for “open data”, El Comercio (3) and El Universo (4). I searched the NGO Grupo Faro’s website, since I knew they work on the issue of transparency (5). Finally, I interviewed Christian Espinosa, who is a journalist specialized in the field of new media and creator of the news webpage Cobertura Digital, and Carlos Correa, who is the Information and Technology Director at the university Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. Neither the web searches nor the interviews led to any factual reports on the impact of open data.
##SOURCES
(1): http://ec.okfn.org/2013/05/21/bienvenidos/
(2): http://www.fundapi.org/tag/open-data/
(3): www.elcomercio.com
(4): www.eluniverso.com
(5): www.grupofaro.org"
"Ecuador","ODB.2013.C.DPL",6,"Ecuador’s Transparency Law guarantees the protection of personal information held by the public or private sector. It includes an article (6) on confidential information that is related to personal public information. Ecuador’s 2008 Constitution also contemplates the right to privacy and public information in its article 19. However, there have been recent denounces against the government of breaching private information. For example the cases of figures of the opposition Fernando Villavicencio (3) and Martha Roldós (4).
##Sources
(1): http://www.grupofaro.org/sites/default/files/archivos/publicaciones/2013/2013-06-27/informe_de_transparencia_forestal_2012.pdf
(2): http://www.participacionycontrolsocial.gov.ec/
(3): http://www.ecuadorinmediato.com/index.php?module=Noticias&func=news_user_view&id=2818755097&umt=fernando_villavicencio_el_destino_ecuador_puede_ser_peor_que_venezuela
(4): http://ecuadorinmediato.com/index.php?module=Noticias&func=news_user_view&id=2818754710&umt=martha_roldos_a_partir_dos_o_tres_correos_hackeados_inventan_una_telenovela"
"Ecuador","ODB.2013.C.RTI",6,"Ecuador has a Transparency and Access to Public Information Organic Law in function since 2010. Grupo Faro, which is one of the largest CSO’s in the country develops an interesting tool to monitor how the Transparency Law is being applied. Its report is focused on the issue of forests, but it is a good indicator on the applicability of this law. The last report was issued in 2013 and indicated that since 2010, progress has been steady in the application of the law (1). Additionally, there is a large public organization, the National Council of Citizen Participation which promotes the Transparency Law and encourages citizens to demand accountability (2,3).
Nevertheless, the existence of a Transparency Law doesn't mean that citizens generally receive responses to requests for government information. Additionally, it is well known outside the borders of Ecuador that president Correa has had issues with the disclosure of some government information that have been strugling with the press on several topics. In new law, Ecuador extended the duty of confidentiality of information considered ""restricted circulation"" (Article 30). Quote: ""Ecuador has become, after Cuba and Venezuela, the country whose government's harassing independent media"" (4) and (5)
##SOURCES
(1): http://www.grupofaro.org/sites/default/files/archivos/publicaciones/2013/2013-06-27/informe_de_transparencia_forestal_2012.pdf
(2): http://www.participacionycontrolsocial.gov.ec/
(3): http://www.ecuadorestrategicoep.gob.ec/images/leytransparencia/LOTAIP.pdf
(4): http://ddhhecuador.blogspot.com/p/libertad-de-expresion.html
(5): http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/opiniones/editorial/20140702/ecuador-y-la-libertad-de-informacion_265071_580644.html"
"Egypt","ODB.2013.C.INIT",3,"An open government data initiative was announced in Egypt few years ago. Although the government provides many information online, the open government initiative is still premature with few resources. It is more of a data sharing initiative than an open data offering unrestricted access to everyone. Statistics are provided by the CAPMAS, IDSC portal and SIS portal (4, 5, 6). Egypt’s data is often available online, but is rarely in a machine readable format and is never openly licensed (as per the Open Definition) (2). The basic infrastructure for electronic information sharing in Egypt is basically available, but still not accessible for everyone. the disclosure of budget and financial information is very limited (3).
Sources:
(1) Egypt portal. Open data initiative. [http://www.egypt.gov.eg/english/general/OpenGovDataInitiative.aspx.](http://www.egypt.gov.eg/english/general/OpenGovDataInitiative.aspx.) Accessed on 15 June 2014.
(2) OkFN. 2013. Government data still not open enough – first evaluation of Mid-Eastern openness. http://eg.okfn.org/2013/10/open-data-index-2013-fundamental-public-sector-data-still-inavailable-in-mena/
(3) Ralf Klischewski. 2012. Identifying Informational Needs for Open Government: The Case of Egypt. 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. [http://www.hicss.hawaii.edu/hicss45/bp45/eg5.pdf](http://www.hicss.hawaii.edu/hicss45/bp45/eg5.pdf)
(4) CAPMAS. http://www.capmas.org.eg
(5) IDSC. Information and decision support center. http://www.idsc.gov.eg/
(6) SIS. State Information service.http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Default.aspx"
"Egypt","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",4,"Four NGOs and initiatives were interested in encouraging open data in Egypt. They have recently organized an open data day to increase people awareness and inform them of the usefulness of open data. The participating NGos were STC, an NGO working on improving Egyptians access to information; The Open Knowledge Foundation (OKFN), a non-profit organisation founded in 2004 and dedicated to promoting open data and open content in all their forms – including government data, publicly funded research and public domain cultural content; Arab Digital Expression Foundation, a regional platform for youth from the Arab region to use digital tools and new media to express themselves in an open and constructive environment and S3geeks, a youth initiative to promote entrepreneurship and AFTE (Association for freedom of thought and expression) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). However, the engagement of the civil society with the government is not observed and limited to one recent meeting with the representatives of open source association to discuss what was raised recently about the Egyptian government renewing the partnership agreement with Microsoft Corp. for using its software and owning desktops and servers licenses used in all ministries and government entities in Egypt. A second meeting was held with members of the committee responsible for drafting the strategy of using Open Source Software (OSS) (6, 7).
Sources:
(1) Open Knowledge foundation - Egypt. eg.okfn.org
(2) AFTE. http://right2know.afteegypt.org/index.php?newsid=52
(3) S3geeks.http://ar.s3geeks.com/
(4) ADEF. http://wwww.arabdigitalexpression.org/
(5) Open data day. 2014. http://eg.okfn.org/2014/02/roundup-for-odd14/
(6) MCIT. 2012. Minister of ICT Meets the Egypt Open Source Association Representatives. Open data day. [http://opendataday.org/indexar.html](http://opendataday.org/indexar.html)
(7) MCIT. 2013. Activating Open Source Software Strategy. [http://www.mcit.gov.eg/MediaCenter/PressRoom/PressReleases/2967]"
"Egypt","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"The Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center (TIEC), launched four years ago and affiliated to the MCIT, aims to drive innovation and entrepreneurship in ICT for the benefit of national economy. The center organizes a number of competition for students and university graduates and academia. However, the innovation awards are for any kind of ICT -related activities, not necessarily based on open data (1)
Sources:
(1) TIEC. 2014. http://www.tiec.gov.eg/en-US/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed on 15 June 2014; [http://www.tiec.gov.eg/backend/Presentation%20Files/26102010TIEC-.pdf]"
"Egypt","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"Egypt has only a national data sharing strategy, which is called an open government data initiative. On the local and regional level, the situation is not different (1, 2).
Sources:
(1) Egypt portal. Open data initiative. [http://www.egypt.gov.eg/english/general/OpenGovDataInitiative.aspx.](http://www.egypt.gov.eg/english/general/OpenGovDataInitiative.aspx.) Accessed on 15 June 2014.
(2) OkFN. 2013. Government data still not open enough – first evaluation of Mid-Eastern openness. http://eg.okfn.org/2013/10/open-data-index-2013-fundamental-public-sector-data-still-inavailable-in-mena/"
"Egypt","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",3,"Some training related to open data is available through academic and non-academic institutions. For example, a four day training was held by an NGO called welad El-Balad, a media organization, tackling the topics of Data Journalism, Data Visualisation and Design Principles, Critique for Data Visualisations, Data Gathering, Scraping and Cleaning, Spreadsheets and Data Analysis ...etc (1). In addition, the Information Technology Institute, a pioneering national institute, provides under-graduate and post-graduate youth with basic and professional capacity building programs, hands-on training and an exposure to the latest technology trends and developments to support the IT professional workplace with potential calibers (2). Another institute, the Java Education and Technology Services (JETS) is a center of excellence for providing professional services that contribute to the widespread and the development of JavaTM in Egypt and the Middle East. JETS aims to provide technology programs in different application areas that integrate business knowledge with JavaTM technologies (3).
Sources:
(1) School of data training: Welad ElBalad. 2014. http://schoolofdata.org/2014/03/04/school-of-data-training-welad-el-balad/ (2) ITI.http://www.iti.gov.eg/. Accessed on 15 June 2014 (3) Java education and technology services. http://jets.iti.gov.eg/pageView/4374. Accessed on 15 June 2014"
"Egypt","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Open data has no impact at all on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness as there is no open data initiative with that aim. The e-government tools adopted by the different ministries are just data sharing tools and can't be considered as open data initiative (1, 2). In terms of e-government tools adopted, the different portals - government, business, government complaint - helped to rank the country among the top 50 countries for online service delivery and moved it from the informational to the transactional services. However, they are not well integrated to improve administrative processes of public service delivery.
Sources:
(1) Magda Shahin. 2012. Egypt's ICT landscape: A locomotive for growth and development.http://www.aucegypt.edu/GAPP/casar/Documents/FINAL+ICT+FOR+DEVELOPMENT%5B2%5D.pdf.
(2) SITC. 2013. Evaluation of public information disclosure in Egypt. [http://sitcegypt.org/?dlname=EvaluationofpublicinformationdisclosurereportinEgyptAR.pdf]
(3) OECD. 2013. E-government study - Egypt. [http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/oecd-e-government-studies-egypt-20129789264178786-en]"
"Egypt","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"Again the online government portal and the e-government tools adopted in Egypt recently can't be considered as open data, and then, open data initiatives don't exist in the country to have an impact on transparency and accountability (1, 2). Even, the e-government tools have very little impact on the accountability and trust in the government (3).
Sources:
(1) Magda Shahin. 2012. Egypt's ICT landscape: A locomotive for growth and development.http://www.aucegypt.edu/GAPP/casar/Documents/FINAL+ICT+FOR+DEVELOPMENT%5B2%5D.pdf.
(2) SITC. 2013. Evaluation of public information disclosure in Egypt. [http://sitcegypt.org/?dlname=EvaluationofpublicinformationdisclosurereportinEgyptAR.pdf]
(3) OECD. 2013. E-government study - Egypt. [http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/oecd-e-government-studies-egypt-20129789264178786-en](http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/oecd-e-government-studies-egypt-20129789264178786-en)"
"Egypt","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"The available open data on the environment is very limited with no evident impact on the country (1, 2, 3) Speaking of ""open data"" available by the government, the EEAA website provides information on the air quality for today and the next 2 days. Nothing more, no historical data and only to one index and that's atmospheric particulate matter (4).
Sources:
(1) Magda Shahin. 2012. Egypt's ICT landscape: A locomotive for growth and development.http://www.aucegypt.edu/GAPP/casar/Documents/FINAL+ICT+FOR+DEVELOPMENT%5B2%5D.pdf. (2) SITC. 2013. Evaluation of public information disclosure in Egypt. [http://sitcegypt.org/?dlname=EvaluationofpublicinformationdisclosurereportinEgyptAR.pdf](http://sitcegypt.org/?dlname=EvaluationofpublicinformationdisclosurereportinEgyptAR.pdf) (3) Open data index. 2013. https://index.okfn.org/country/overview/Egypt.accessed on 15 June 2014 (4) Ministry of State for environmental affairs. http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/arabic/main/envairaqi.asp. Accessed on 15 June 2014"
"Egypt","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Open data does not exist in Egypt and has no impact on the inclusion of marginalised groups (1). In terms of e-government tools, statistics showed a low use of online services overall due to the lack of awareness of the existence of e-government services (2).
Sources:
(1) SITC. 2013. Evaluation of public information disclosure in Egypt. [http://sitcegypt.org/?dlname=EvaluationofpublicinformationdisclosurereportinEgyptAR.pdf](http://sitcegypt.org/?dlname=EvaluationofpublicinformationdisclosurereportinEgyptAR.pdf) (2) OECD. 2013. E-government study - Egypt. [http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/oecd-e-government-studies-egypt-20129789264178786-en](http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/oecd-e-government-studies-egypt-20129789264178786-en)"
"Egypt","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"As mentioned, with the absence of open data initiatives, no impact is evident at all. In terms of e-government tools adopted by Egypt, they have very little impact on the economic growth of the country (1).
Sources:
(1) OECD. 2013. E-government study - Egypt. [http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/oecd-e-government-studies-egypt-20129789264178786-en]"
"Egypt","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"No business models using open data were found in Egypt. Business projects based on internet services were recently established aka e-commerce activities (1). An example is ""Bey2ollak"", a mobile application based on crowd sourcing, provides citizens with real-time traffic information and monitors road congestion (2).
Sources
(1) Nahed Azab. 2012. Business opportunities created by the internet: A study of internet entrepreneurs in Egypt. [http://conf.aucegypt.edu/ConfAdmin/ybakrimages/Nahed%20Azab%20Entrepreneurs%20in%20Egypt.pdf]
(2) OECD. 2013. E-government study - Egypt. [http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/oecd-e-government-studies-egypt-20129789264178786-en]"
"Egypt","ODB.2013.C.DPL",2,"Egypt does not have any personal data protection legislations in place. However, few other laws and regulations contain few provisions regulating the protection of personal data that sets out specific confidentiality obligations relating to employee information, information on money-laundering investigations, capital markets data and banking secrecy provisions.
Article 57 of the constitution of Egypt of 2014 provides a basic right to privacy by stipulating that ""the right to privacy may not be violated, shall be protected and may not be infringed upon. Postal, telegraphic and electronic correspondences, telephone calls, and other means of communication are inviolable, and their confidentiality is guaranteed. They may not be confiscated, revealed or monitored except by virtue of a reasoned judicial order, for a definite period, and only in the cases defined by Law. The State shall protect citizens' right to use all forms of public means of communications. Interrupting or disconnecting them, or depriving the citizens from using them, arbitrarily, is impermissible. This shall be regulated by Law"" (1). It has not defined data protection and referred to the legislative authority to regulate the communication of data in a manner that does not encroach upon the privacy of citizens, their rights and National Security (2).
Besides, ""the Egyptian Penal Code no. 58/1937 imposes criminal punishment for unlawful collection of images or recordings for individuals in private places. Some other laws provide for protection and confidentiality on certain data such as the Egyptian Labour Law no. 12/2003 (confidentiality of the employee’s file information including punishment and assessment) and the Egyptian Banking Law no. 88/2003 (confidentiality of client and account information). Egyptian Civil Status Law no. 143/1994 provides for the confidentiality of citizens’ civil status data. The Executive Regulations of Mortgage Finance Law no. 148/2001 issued by virtue of Cabinet Decree no. 1/2001 as amended by Prime Minister Decree no. 465/2005 has a similar clause which provides for the confidentiality of the data of the clients of mortgage finance companies. The Mentally Disordered Care Law no. 71/2009 has the same clause on confidentiality of the patient’s data"" (3, 4).
Sources:
(1) Egypt constitution of 2014. http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf. Accessed on 14 July 2014
(2) DLA Piper. 2014. Data protection laws of the world. http://www.iab.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Data-Protection-Full.pdf. Accessed on 14 June 2014
(3) EDRM. 2012. DLA Piper’s Data Protection Laws of the World. http://www.edrm.net/resources/data-privacy-protection/data-protection-laws/egypt. Accessed on 14 July 2014
(4) Norton Rose Fulbright. Global data privacy. June 2013. http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf.Accessed on 14 June 2014"
"Egypt","ODB.2013.C.RTI",2,"Egypt has no RTI/FOI law. In the newly adopted constitution of 2014, article 68 stipulates that ""Information, data, statistics and official documents are the property of the People and the disclosure thereof from their various sources is a right guaranteed by the State for all citizens. The State is committed to provide and make them available to citizens in a transparent manner. The Law shall regulate the rules for obtaining them and terms for their availability and confidentiality; the rules for their deposit and storage; and the rules for and filing complaints against the refusal to provide them. The Law shall also impose penalties for withholding information or deliberately providing wrong information. The State institutions shall deposit official documents with the National Library and Archives once they are no longer in use. The State institutions shall also protect, and secure such documents against loss or damage, as well as restoring and digitizing them using all modern means and instruments according to the Law."" (1)
During the last three years, taking into consideration the urgency of guaranteeing RTI for establishing the rule of law and fighting against corruption, many NGOs decided to draft a FOI bill to pave the way for the adoption of a new legal mechanism on the national level (1). The government joined their efforts but the end result of the drafting process was disappointing for the civil society and the unstable parliamentarian environment of the country for the last two years brought the process to a halt. Moreover, the draft RTI law developed by the government does not define clearly the national security reason to block information.
In addition, the national council of information, responsible of RTI law enforcement, is affiliated to the Cabinet and lacks its autonomy and independence. Its chairman is appointed by the president and its council is constituted of representatives from 14 government and semi-government organisations and institutions, including the National Security Council, Ministry of Defense, the Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics, the Supreme Council for Universities, IDSC, the National Archives, the National Council for Human Rights, the Journalists Syndicate, the General Union for Civil Society Associations, the Chamber of Commerce, and the four most represented political parties in the House of Representatives.
In fact, the government was usually putting obstacles and bureaucratic procedures on the flow of information to discourage professionals, researchers and journalists from obtaining them. Statistics were usually outdated, inconsistent or for a short term periods. Security permission is usually required for official documents and hard to be obtained leading to the inaccessibility of major data. Information related to military institutions is prohibited even for the economic, industrial and commercial activities of the army. Documents concerned with the high policies of the State could be blocked for up to 75 years, according to the law governing the Egyptian National Library and Archive (2).
Moreover, an assessment of information disclosure by four government bodies - Ministries of environmental affairs, housing, education and health - conducted by an Egyptian NGO revealed the lack of access to basic information for Egyptians (3).
Sources:
(1) EIPR. 2012. Freedom of information bill. February. [http://eipr.org/sites/default/files/pressreleases/pdf/ngosdraftlawfreedomofinformationmarch2012english.pdf.pdf]
(2)Sarah ElMasry. 2013. Egypt's right to information law. June 26. Daily news. http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/06/26/egypts-right-to-information-law/. Accessed on June 14, 2014.
(3) STC. 2013. Evaluation of public information disclosure in Egypt. [http://sitcegypt.org/?dlname=EvaluationofpublicinformationdisclosurereportinEgyptAR.pdf]"
"Estonia","ODB.2013.C.INIT",6,"According to global Open Data Barometer 2013 index, Estonia is ranked rather well, 14th out of 77 states analyzed. Yet no data matched all three main criterias of open data: machine readability, completeness and free licencing. (1)
PSI Scoreboard (2014) overall score is 225, compared to maximum of United Kingdom´s 585. Estonia´s implementation of the PSI Directive is ranked 100%, the practice of re-use 35%, formats 30%, pricing 30%, events and activities 30%, exclusive arrangements 0% and local PSI 0%. (2)
Estonia has recently launched OpenData application for municipalities. (3) All accounting data retrieved from local governments from 2008-2013 is made public. Everyone has unlimited access to view, download, compare and analyse data using the business intelligence software platform. This is an important step towards making public sector finances transparent and understandable to all. (4)
In December 2012 a new law took effect, which states that by January 1st 2015, everyone must have free access to government data. (5)
In order to improve access to open data and to coordinate publishing open data, special web portals opendata.riik.ee and www.riigipilv.ee have been created. However, they have not fully taken off yet. (6)
Ministry of economy and communication has compiled detailed „Green Paper of Open Data“ (updated March 2014) which includes Action Plan for development of open data initiative. It also states that additional financial resources are needed for open data development. (7) The Green Paper is based on Action Plan of the government of Estonia 2011-2015 (updated May 2013). (8)
(1) http://www.opendataresearch.org/dl/odb2013/Open-Data-Barometer-2013-Global-Report.pdf Accessed July 14th 2014
(2) http://www.epsiplatform.eu/content/european-psi-scoreboard Accessed July 14th 2014
(3) Riigiraha open data portal in English http://riigiraha.fin.ee/geoqlik/proxy/QvAJAXZfc/opendoc.htm?document=Riigiraha.qvw&host=local&anonymous=true&select=LB_LANGUAGE,English Accessed July 14th 2014
(4) Press release of Ministry of Finance http://www.fin.ee/estonia-launches-opendata-application-for-municipalities/ Accessed July 14th 2014
(5) Law of public information https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/119122012002 Accessed July 14th 2014
(6) http://opendata.riik.ee, www.riigipilv.ee Accessed July 14th 2014
(7) Green Paper of Open Data https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/16/f8/8b/Estonian%20Open%20Data%20Greenbook.pdf Accessed July 14th 2014
(8) https://www.riigiteataja.ee/aktilisa/3100/5201/1001/VVk_209_lisa1.pdf Accessed July 14th 2014"
"Estonia","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",7,"Open Data civil society efforts have been concentrated in Open Data Estonia Community. On December 1st 2010, a group of activists organized a round-table meeting in the Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications. In the meeting, clear goals and plans for action were set to introduce open data to the county’s developer network and also to get things moving state-wise. (1)
In February 2011, one of the biggest hackathons in Europe — Garage48 (2) — was held in Tallinn with special focus on public services. At this event, the topic of open data was introduced to the general public. The message was carried on by many bloggers. (1)
Estonia Chapter of the Internet Society (3) has been directly involved in negotiations with Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications and Parliamentary commissions about open data. As a result of lobbying and campaigning, the law was passed in December 2012, that states that all future government databases with non-confidential data must be open to the public in machine-readable format for free. All such databases already in existence will be made free and open by 2015. (4)
Open Data law was voted the best law of the year. (5)
These initiatives have been in the past and recently there has been little activity on the topic. Even updates about open data on the web pages of Open Data Estonia Community and Estonia Chapter of the Internet Society are a couple of years old. This can be attributed to the fact that the law about open data (4) will take effect on January 1st 2015 and the community is waiting for it.
According to „Independent Reporting Mechanism (IRM): Estonia Progress Report 2012-2013“ a Civil Society Roundtable (CSR), comprised of a group of civil society organisations, has lately served as the primary forum for consultation between civil society and the government. The report rates civic society participation 8,82 points of 10.(6)
(1) http://www.opendata.ee/en/hetkeolukord-eestis/, Accessed July 15th 2014
(2) http://www.garage48.org/, Accessed July 15th 2014
(3) http://kogukond.org/in-english/, Accessed July 15th 2014
(4) Law of public information, https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/119122012002, Accessed July 15th 2014
(5) Main daily, „Postimees“ February 19th, 2013 http://www.postimees.ee/1142874/selgusid-2012-aasta-parim-ja-halvim-seadus, Accessed July 15th 2014
(6) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/sites/default/files/Estonia_Final_2012.pdf, Accessed July 15th 2014"
"Estonia","ODB.2013.C.CITY",5,"Competitions and hackathons are organised by CSRs, not by government directly. For example, by Garage48, the event series of which started in Estonia in April 2010 and have expanded to other countries in Northern Europe and Africa since then. All Garage48 events are held in English and have ~100 international participants. (1). Or by activists with the support of Open Estonia Foundation (2) - from June 21st til September 23rd 2014, there is going on a competition to create user-friendly applications that make use of government open data. (3)
Government supports culture of innovation through supporting CSRs and through Estonian Information System Authority (EISA), which has grants available for open data initiatives. Maximum grant was 200 000 euros, altogether 1 300 000 euros was allocated for grants. The project is ongoing. (4)
According to ""Independent Reporting Mechanism (IRM): Estonia Progress Report 2012-2013“, the government completed the common guidelines for standard principles in financing CSOs in early 2013, but it hasn’t evaluated their implementation. Additionally, the government did not create a standard system for disclosing financial decisions and grants given by public sector institutions. (5)
A wide range of projects have been funded via structure funds of the European Union. (6)
(1) Garage48, http://www.garage48.org/, Accessed July 15th 2014
(2) Open Estonia Foundation, http://oef.org.ee/en/, Accessed July 15th 2014
(3) Open Data app competition Facebook page, https://www.facebook.com/ODvoistlus/info, Accessed July 15th 2014
(4) Estonian Information System Authority grants as of July 2nd 2014, https://www.ria.ee/36610, Accessed July 15th 2014
(5) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/sites/default/files/Estonia_Final_2012.pdf, Accessed July 15th 2014
(6) https://www.ria.ee/struktuurifondidest-rahastatud-projekte/ , Accessed July 15th 2014"
"Estonia","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",4,"Only two largest cities have notable open data initiatives. Tallinn (capital and largest city) Communal Authority has launched open data initiative to make operative data more accessible and it has received a grant of 200 000 euros for that from Estonian Information System Authority. (1)
Tartu (second largest city) hosts Smart City Lab, the cluster of smart e- and m-city solutions designed to create an innovative environment in Tartu which boosts the competitive ability of companies by bringing together businesses, citizens, public authorities, R&D institutes and structures that support innovation. The cluster focuses on creation, development (including product development) and exporting of innovative e- and m-services taking in different spheres of urban life, being a joint project between the City of Tartu, ICT companies and infrastructure companies. It is conducting Open Data usability potential study (2) and has launched Tartu public transportation mobile application, which enables the users to browse timetables when offline and see real-time departures when online. Also, the application shows on map where the user is and where is the nearest bus stop. (3)
Tallinn has similar data and applications. (4)
All accounting data retrieved from local governments from 2008-2013 is made public. Everyone has unlimited access to view, download, compare and analyse data using the business intelligence software platform. This is, though, not an initiative of local governments. (5)
According to „Independent Reporting Mechanism (IRM): Estonia Progress Report 2012-2013“, the official open government action plan (6) lacks commitments related to local municipalities and that local municipalities are not involved in designing commitments in this action plan. (7)
However, Estonia's cities are relatively small, making it more difficult for them to maintain open data initiatives. It must be noted that the largest city, Tallinn, has a population of 431 000, Tartu 97 100 and all other cities have population of 60 000 or less. (8)
(1) Estonian Information System Authority grants as of July 2nd 2014, https://www.ria.ee/36610, Accessed July 15th 2014
(2) http://smartcitylab.eu/open-data-usability-potential-study/, Accessed July 15th 2014
(3) http://smartcitylab.eu/tartu-public-transportation-mobile-application-is-launched/ , Accessed July 15th 2014
(4) http://www.tallinn.ee/eng/Public-transport-timetables, https://play.google.com/store/search?q=tallinn, Accessed July 15th 2014
(5) http://www.fin.ee/estonia-launches-opendata-application-for-municipalities/, Accessed July 15th 2014
(6) Green Paper and Action Plan, https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/16/f8/8b/Estonian%20Open%20Data%20Greenbook.pdf , Accessed July 14th 2014
(7) IRM report, http://www.opengovpartnership.org/sites/default/files/Estonia_Final_2012.pdf, Accessed July 15th 2014
(8) Data of Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia#Demographics, Accessed July 15th 2014"
"Estonia","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",7,"There is a large variety of courses available in web technology, data science, data visualisation (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6,7), but very few directly targeting open data, namely 1-day course „personal data in open data“ and „handling and use of open data in practice“. (8) Tallinn University of Technology offers on-demand courses on e-state, including open data (9).
According to „Independent Reporting Mechanism (IRM): Estonia Progress Report 2012-2013“, the state has made commitment of providing training for civil servants, creating a guidebook with guidelines for civil servants, and guiding the general public in web-based use. The government accomplished the first two activities, and it will implement the third in 2014. (10)
Estonian Information System Authority EISA started e-Governance Academy (11), which is is a non-governmental, non-profit organisation, founded for the creation and transfer of knowledge concerning e-governance, e-democracy and the development of civil society. On June 16th 2014, it had conducted 100 trainings and had hosted more than 1500 public officials and NGO leaders from 45 countries. In most cases the presentations and site visits are spread over a week and cover a range of topics from the general ICT policy and coordination and e-democracy to specific lectures on cyber security, m-governance, e-voting, e-health, etc. It is also leading the project of Open Government Partnership in Local Governments to create a common open government partnership platform for sharing experiences and best practices.(12)
The State Finances open data website provides detailed user guide with lessons how to use the open data system. (13)
(1) IT courses on portal koolitusinfo.ee, http://www.koolitusinfo.ee/koolitused/arvutiope-ja-it.html, Accessed July 15th 2014
(2) IT courses on koolitus.ee portal, http://www.koolitus.ee/en/kursused/microsoft, Accessed July 15th 2014
(3) IT courses on portal tark.ee, http://www.tark.ee/Arvutiope-IT-koolitus-c1.html, Accessed July 15th 2014
(4) IT courses of IT College, http://www.itcollege.ee/taiendusope/koolitused/, Accessed July 15th 2014
(5) IT courses of Baltic Computer Systems, http://www.bcskoolitus.ee/koolitused/1, Accessed July 15th 2014
(6) IT courses providers on portal koolitused.ee, http://www.koolitused.ee/search/tag/19/Arvutid-ja-informaatika , Accessed July 15th 2014
(7) NORT training center, http://nort.ee/arvutikoolitused/ , Accessed July 15th 2014
(8) Course in open data, http://www.eestikonverentsikeskus.ee/koolitus-avaandmete-haldus-ja-kasutamine, Accessed July 15th 2014
(9) Special courses of Tallinn University of Technology, http://www.ttu.ee/infotehnoloogia-teaduskond/it-taiendusoppekeskus/kursused-4/e-riigi-koolitused/ , Accessed July 15th 2014
(10) IRM report, http://www.opengovpartnership.org/sites/default/files/Estonia_Final_2012.pdf, Accessed July 15th 2014
(11) http://www.ega.ee/, Accessed July 15th 2014
(12) http://www.ega.ee/node/1204, Accessed July 15th 2014
(13) http://riigiraha.fin.ee/geoqlik/proxy/QvAJAXZfc/opendoc.htm?document=Riigiraha.qvw&host=local&anonymous=true&sheet=SH_JUHEND&select=LB_LANGUAGE,English, Accessed July 15th 2014"
"Estonia","ODB.2013.I.GOV",3,"There are no reports, analysis, articles or other evidence to confirm measurable impact on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness.
However, Estonian Open Data Green Book states that much of public information, including databases, are in digitized form and the Public Information Law gives local governments and the government the right to answer public information demands in open data form. In that case, the data holders procedural costs will be notably smaller. (1)
Estonia has recently launched open data application for municipalities (2) which is part of http://riigipilv.ee/ portal designed to collect local municipalities data. All accounting data retrieved from local governments from 2008-2013 is made public. Everyone has unlimited access to view, download, compare and analyse data using the business intelligence software platform. (3)
This could have some impact on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness.
Expert of the Ministry of Finance, Andrus Jõgi, claims that the impact has been very big considering the amount of data published. Before, says Jõgi, only Ministry of Finance and National Statistics Bureau used governmental open data, now the user base is much wider, including local governments. In addition, application makes it possible that data can be easily analysed in detail. Availability of data has made it possible for the state to use it in its decision-making processes, says the expert. (4)
(1) Green Book of Open Data https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/16/f8/8b/Estonian%20Open%20Data%20Greenbook.pdf Accessed July 14th 2014
(2) Riigiraha open data portal in English, http://riigiraha.fin.ee/geoqlik/proxy/QvAJAXZfc/opendoc.htm?document=Riigiraha.qvw&host=local&anonymous=true&select=LB_LANGUAGE,English, Accessed July 14th 2014
(3) http://www.fin.ee/estonia-launches-opendata-application-for-municipalities/, Accessed July 14th 2014
(4) Interview with Andrus Jõgi, expert of financial guidance of local governments of the Ministry of Finance of Estonia, extract added to ""Private notes: for reviewer / coordinator only"", July 17th 2014"
"Estonia","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",4,"Praxis Research, Open Estonia Foundation and National Broadcasting Company opened web portal (1) which monitors how the current government fulfills its election promises and coalition agreement, but so far they have obviously had little use of open data, as there is little available, rather they have used openly available government data. This portal might indicate little impact now and noticeable impact in the future on increasing transparency and supporting scrutiny of government decision making.
Estonia has recently launched open data application for municipalities (2) which is part of http://riigipilv.ee/ portal designed to collect local municipalities open data. All accounting data retrieved from local governments from 2008-2013 is made public. Everyone has unlimited access to view, download, compare and analyse data using the business intelligence software platform. (3)
Expert of the Ministry of Finance, Andrus Jõgi, says that change in openness has been very big and that comprehensiveness, detail and unlimited access to analyze open data is unique at the moment, compared to other countries. Jõgi claims that this has enabled investigative journalists to produce several stories that might not have been possible before. The public has access to the same application that the government uses, and this enables public control, says Jõgi. (4)
(1) valvurid.err.ee, Accessed July 16th 2014
(2) Riigiraha open data portal in English, http://riigiraha.fin.ee/geoqlik/proxy/QvAJAXZfc/opendoc.htm?document=Riigiraha.qvw&host=local&anonymous=true&select=LB_LANGUAGE,English, Accessed July 14th 2014
(3) http://www.fin.ee/estonia-launches-opendata-application-for-municipalities/, Accessed July 14th 2014
(4) Interview with Andrus Jõgi, expert of financial guidance of local governments of the Ministry of Finance of Estonia, extract added to ""Private notes: for reviewer / coordinator only"", July 17th 2014"
"Estonia","ODB.2013.I.ENV",2,"Ministries have not generally data published in open data format yet and there is no info on this on state open data portal (1).
However, there is centralized portal of The Information Centre of Estonian Environment Agency keskkonnainfo.ee, where there are datasets publicly available. It provides access to Forest register, Waste data management system, Environmental register, Fuel monitoring database, Register of ozone depleting substances, National environment monitoring program, IS of fishery, Accompanying notes of hazardous waste, PCB and PCT register, National packaging register, IS of environmental permits, Air Pollution Point Sources register, Water catastre, Wastewater analyses IS. (2) These datasets could contribute to positive effect on environmental sustainability in the country.
There are, though, no cases in the media or credible online sources where open data is cited to have had an impact on environmental sustainability.
It must be mentioned that each year a CSO organizes ""Let's do it!"" day, which is the day of collective action to clean Estonia from illegal garbage and promote environmental thinking. About 40 000 people (3% of the inhabitants) participated in 2013. It is possible to map the garbage using mobile app and info about garbage is available and reusable. (4) If open data platform would be used in communicating between “Lets do it” and the state, it could have huge impact.
Andrus Jõgi, expert of financial guidance of local governments of the Ministry of Finance of Estonia, said that there have been no effective impact from open data to environmental sustainability, but there is potential for that, for example from the perspective of energy cost analysis.
(1) http://opendata.riik.ee:8080/dataset, Accessed July 16th 2014
(2) http://www.keskkonnainfo.ee/main/index.php/en/information-systems-and-reporting, Accessed July 16th 2014
(3) http://www.teemeara.ee/en, Accessed July 16th 2014
(4) http://www.teemeara.ee/files/Statistika_maakonniti_2013.xlsx, Accessed July 16th 2014
(5) Interview with Andrus Jõgi, expert of financial guidance of local governments of the Ministry of Finance of Estonia, extract added to ""Private notes: for reviewer / coordinator only"", July 17th 2014"
"Estonia","ODB.2013.I.INC",2,"There is little evidence that use of open data by marginalised groups has increased inclusion of them in policy making and helped them accessing government services. Less open data is available in Russian for the Russian-speaking minority, although the official gateway to Estonia Eesti.ee (https://www.eesti.ee/eng) has three different homepages - in Estonian, Russian and English. With the help of this site it is possible to go to the websites of all ministries, administrations, inspections etc - and many of them have also Russian-language pages with connections to the open data.
Andrus Jõgi, expert of financial guidance of local governments of the Ministry of Finance of Estonia, said that the application of open data (1) has been useful to those citizens, who have not had access to information before, but would want to have their say.(2)
(1) http://riigiraha.fin.ee/, Accessed July 21st 2014
(2) Interview with Andrus Jõgi, expert of financial guidance of local governments of the Ministry of Finance of Estonia, extract added to ""Private notes: for reviewer / coordinator only"", July 17th 2014"
"Estonia","ODB.2013.I.ECON",4,"Regio, Estonian map publisher, (1) is using geographical/space data produced by Estonaian Land Board (2) to create Road Atlas of Estonia. Google is using this data to improve its map application quality regarding Estonia, according to Estonian Open Data Green book, which lists those as the only examples on the possible positive impact on economy. (3). Several companies, like business daily Äripäev have started new online businesses, using the open data of e-business register.
It has not been measured and there are no articles about it.
Andrus Jõgi, expert of financial guidance of local governments of the Ministry of Finance of Estonia, said that the effect on economy has so far been small and has mostly to do with the improvement of government effectiveness. The potential for impact is considerable, said the expert.
(1) http://regio.ee/?setlang=eng, Accessed July 15th 2014
(2) http://www.maaamet.ee/index.php?lang_id=2&no_cache=1405572755, Accessed July 15th 2014
(3) https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/16/f8/8b/Estonian%20Open%20Data%20Greenbook.pdf, Accessed July 15th 2014
(5) Interview with Andrus Jõgi, expert of financial guidance of local governments of the Ministry of Finance of Estonia, extract added to ""Private notes: for reviewer / coordinator only"", July 17th 2014"
"Estonia","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",5,"Mainly it can be seen from mobile and internet applications created around open transport data.
Tallinn (capital and largest city) Communal Authority has launched open data initiative to make operative data more accessible. (1)
Tartu (second largest city) hosts Smart City Lab, the cluster of smart e- and m-city solutions, which is conducting Open Data usability potential study (2) and has launched Tartu public transportation mobile application, which enables the users to browse timetables when offline and see real-time departures when online. Also, the application shows on map where the user is and where is the nearest bus stop. (3)
Tallinn has similar data and applications. (4)
The state initiative is peatus.ee portal (5), which helps people to easily plan trips and find, see and print out city- and county lines, several long-distance lines and timetables of different transport types, search optimal route etc.
Availability of public transportation data has helped to create several apps that help people with both intercity and longer trip planning, timetables, buying tickets etc, but these are available for free and do not contribute to revenue of their creators. (6)
There is a private company that re-uses data that government releases on companies and their tax debts and this is part of its business. (7)
There are no reports or articles on the impact.
Andrus Jõgi, expert of financial guidance of local governments of the Ministry of Finance of Estonia said that he does not have information effects on new businesses, but he sees great potential, for example in making market analyses and offering consultational services based on open data. (8)
(1) Estonian Information System Authority grants as of July 2nd 2014, https://www.ria.ee/36610, Accessed July 15th 2014
(2) http://smartcitylab.eu/open-data-usability-potential-study/, Accessed July 15th 2014
(3) http://smartcitylab.eu/tartu-public-transportation-mobile-application-is-launched/ , Accessed July 15th 2014
(4) http://www.tallinn.ee/eng/Public-transport-timetables, Accessed July 15th 2014
(5) http://www.peatus.ee/#route_search/eng, Accessed July 15th 2014
(6) https://play.google.com/store/search?q=tallinn, Accessed July 15th 2014
(7) http://www.krediidiinfo.ee/,
(8) Interview with Andrus Jõgi, expert of financial guidance of local governments of the Ministry of Finance of Estonia, extract added to ""Private notes: for reviewer / coordinator only"", July 17th 2014"
"Estonia","ODB.2013.C.DPL",8,"Estonia´s legal and regulatory framework for protection of personal data is based on the 1995 EU directive on the protection of personal data as well as a number of ever-evolving and flexible guides provided by the Data Protection Inspectorate (1). NGO Internet Society Estonia Chapter is a member of the Data Protection Inspectorate advisory board and is fairly satisfied with the situation from the people´s perspective. (2)
The Data Protection Inspectorate, the aim of which is to efficiently ensure information rights, has shown itself to be a quite efficient and fast acting part of the government. In 2013, the Inspectorate reviewed 550 complaints, 1370 requests for explanation and answered 1344 helpline calls. Many of those connected to the right to correct one's personal data and the right to be forgotten. The use of monitoring and recording equipment was regulated comprehensively with guidelines. (3)
The only complaint worth mentioning is the slow handling of Data Retention Directive annulment and connected gray zone of use of data by LEA (whether the police and respective authorities can and for how long restrict data about people under surveillance after the end of criminal procedures) (4)
(1) http://www.aki.ee/en Accessed July 11th 2014
(2) Interview with Elver Loho June 28th 2014, see file „Elver Loho.pdf“
(3) Implementation Of The Public Information Act And The Personal Data Protection Act In 2013, Recommendations For 2014 http://www.aki.ee/sites/www.aki.ee/files/elfinder/article_files/Aastaraamat%202013%20t6lkesse_en.pdf Accessed July 11th 2014
(4) Interview with Siim Tuisk, June 29th 2014, see file „Siim Tuisk.pdf“"
"Estonia","ODB.2013.C.RTI",8,"Estonia has the FOI law since 1 January 2001. Very important is, that: 1) ""A request for information shall be complied with promptly, but not later than within 5 working days."" 2) ""If a holder of information needs to specify a request for information or if identification of the information is time-consuming, the holder of information may extend the term for compliance with the request for information for up to 15 working days."" (3)
There are laws, which mandate access to public and personal information, as well as laws, which grant the right to receive explanations and data analysis within 30 days. These laws are followed by the government in a fairly competent manner and oversight is provided by the Data Protection Inspectorate.
Open Data laws are going into full effect on January 1st 2015. RTI laws in Estonia are fairly effective. For example, the Estonian Medical Marijuana Association sent a huge list of questions to the government and received back, within 30 days, a comprehensive and thorough analysis of law, statistics, practice, etc. regarding their areas of interest. (1)
There can sometimes be exceptions with politically sensitive questions when non-informative replies are given after 30-days deadline, but overall the can receive bogus replies at the end of the 30-day deadline, but overall this happens rarely. (2)
##Sources
(1) Interview with Elver Loho June 28th 2014, see file „Elver Loho.pdf“
(2) Interview with Siim Tuisk, June 29th 2014, see file „Siim Tuisk.pdf“
(3) https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/921835 accessed 14 August 2015"
"Ethiopia","ODB.2013.C.INIT",0,"Justification: Ethiopia is one of the countries that the World Bank and African Development Bank are assisting on Open Government Data establishment.I think this shows the country's interest to join the list of Open Government Partnerships countries.But progress is slow and over the past two years not much has been done except on and off of government portals and websites of different ministries. And mostly the information on these government portals is not up to date except the ministry of Foreign Affairs website.
Sources:
(1) http://www.ethiopia.gov.et/blogs/-/blogs/open-data Accessed June 23, 2014
(2) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/countries Accessed June 23, 2014
(3) http://www.oafrica.com/business/open-government-data-is-starting-to-make-an-impact-but-african-initiatives-are-scarce/ Accessed June 23, 2014
(4) http://www.opendataresearch.org/dl/odb2013/Open-Data-Barometer-2013-Global-Report.pdf Accessed June 23, 2014
(5) http://theodi.github.io/open-data-barometer-viz/ Accessed June 23, 2014"
"Ethiopia","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",1,"Justification: The open Government data initiative in Ethiopia has been pushed by international and regional organizations such as the World Bank and African Development Bank. It is rather a work in progress and the country still do not seem to be convinced about its importance as we see it on the survey questions the government portal [please check the first link below]. Besides most of the government ICT work is monopolized by the government firm called Information network Security Agency (INSA. And also we are not witnessing any involvement of the private sector or civil society.
Sources:
(1)(4) http://ethiopia.opendataforafrica.org/ Accessed June 27, 2014
(2) http://www.ethiopia.gov.et/blogs/-/blogs/open-data Accessed June 24, 2014
(3) http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/africas-information-highway-the-afdb-launches-open-data-platforms-for-20-african-countries-11604/ Accessed June 24, 2014
(4)By Yonas Abiye, The Reporter, http://www.thereporterethiopia.com/index.php/news-headlines/item/1217-insa-to-reign-all-powerful-over-cyberspace
(5)http://www.oecd.org/governance/ministerial/46342001.pdf Accessed June 24, 2014
(6) http://www.oecd.org/std/SDMX%202013%20Session%203.1%20-%20The%20Africa%20Information%20Highway%20-%20AFDB.pdf Accessed June 24, 2014"
"Ethiopia","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"Justification: The government has an ICT grant once in a year for innovative ideas through its ICT center for excellence. But it doesn’t say anything about open data. The center was established as a vehicle for rapid development of ICT, and as a catalyst to help realize the promise of ICT as a key enabler and accelerator of socio economic development, according to the information on its official website [please check attached link]. Through Ethiopia is one of the 12 countries who have national statistical organization, the country still do not have any activity in promoting or encouraging open data except the government portals.
Sources:
(1) http://www.ictcoe.org.et/ Accessed June 27, 2014
(2) http://www.cgdev.org/publication/delivering-data-revolution-sub-saharan-africa Accessed June 27, 2014
(3) https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/open-government-partnership-uk-national-action-plan-2013/open-government-partnership-uk-national-action-plan-2013-to-2015 Accessed June 27, 2014
(4) http://ethiopia.opendataforafrica.org/ Accessed June 27, 2014"
"Ethiopia","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"Justification: Except the governmental portal, which some of them are not functioning, there are no open data initiative by the government and regional governments’ except those initiatives by Africa Development Bank, World Bank and a few papers by individuals. The African Development Bank project includes Ethiopia’s regional governments’ information.
Sources:
(1) http://ethiopia.opendataforafrica.org/ Accessed June 28, 2014
(2) http://www.usaid.gov/ethiopia/democracy-human-rights-and-governance Accessed June 28, 2014
(3) http://www.amharareg.gov.et/ Accessed June 28, 2014
(4) http://www.ethiodemographyandhealth.org/Tigray.html Accessed June 28, 2014
(5) http://www.ethiopia.gov.et/stateafar Accessed June 28, 2014"
"Ethiopia","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",1,"Justification: No evidence found about the availability training in Ethiopia for people or companies who want to increase their technical skills or develop businesses to use open data. The concept of open data is not known by many including the IT schools and universities here in Ethiopia.They don't have specif training or programs on open data...
Meanwhile, there is one pilot initiative started 2011 by an NGO that showed Health Extension workers how to use smartphones to do their job. [Please check the first link below]
Sources:
(1) http://opendatakit.org/2011/10/using-odk-to-improve-maternal-care-in-ethiopia/ Accessed June 28, 2014
(2) Dawit Tsegaye, FA IT services programmer, June 28, 2014, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(3) Mekonnen Tesfaye, Techno Brain Ethiopia manager, June 28, 2014, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"
"Ethiopia","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Justification: There is no open data by the government of Ethiopia except by the Central Statistics Agency data on trade and agriculture and by the African Development Bank. hence it is difficult to say this pilot level open data has an impact on governments efficiency.
## Sources:
(1): http://countrystat.csa.gov.et/countrystat/home.aspx?c=ETH&tr=7
(2): http://ethiopia.opendataforafrica.org/"
"Ethiopia","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"Justification: As we have seen above, there is no open data by the government of Ethiopia except by the Central Statistics Agency data on trade and agriculture and by the African Development Bank. hence it is difficult to say this pilot level open data has an impact on increasing transparency and accountability.
Sources:
(1) http://countrystat.csa.gov.et/countrystat/home.aspx?c=ETH&tr=7
(2) http://ethiopia.opendataforafrica.org/
(3) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/countries"
"Ethiopia","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"As we have seen above, there is no open data by the government of Ethiopia except by the Central Statistics Agency data on trade and agriculture and by the African Development Bank. As this does not include environmental data, we can't say it has impact on environmental sustainability.
Sources:
(1) http://countrystat.csa.gov.et/countrystat/home.aspx?c=ETH&tr=7
(2) http://ethiopia.opendataforafrica.org/
(3) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/countries"
"Ethiopia","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No open data by the government of Ethiopia except by the Central Statistics Agency data on trade and agriculture and by the African Development Bank. No evidence found about
a noticeable impact on increasing the inclusion of marginalised groups in policy making and accessing government services.
Sources:
(1) http://countrystat.csa.gov.et/countrystat/home.aspx?c=ETH&tr=7
(2) http://ethiopia.opendataforafrica.org/
(3) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/countries"
"Ethiopia","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"Justification: No open data by the government of Ethiopia except by the Central Statistics Agency data on trade and agriculture and by the African Development Bank. it is obvious that these data are being used by investors and international business consulting firms before making their final investment decision.
Sources:
(1) http://countrystat.csa.gov.et/countrystat/home.aspx?c=ETH&tr=7
(2) http://ethiopia.opendataforafrica.org/
(3) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/countries"
"Ethiopia","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"Justification: As we have seen above, there is no open data by the government of Ethiopia except by the Central Statistics Agency data on trade and agriculture and by the African Development Bank. Hence no reports are found about entrepreneurs sucesfully using these few data to build new businesses in the country
Sources:
(1) http://countrystat.csa.gov.et/countrystat/home.aspx?c=ETH&tr=7
(2) http://ethiopia.opendataforafrica.org/
(3) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/countries"
"Ethiopia","ODB.2013.C.DPL",1,"Justification: The constitution of Ethiopia guarantees protection of privacy under Article 26. Meanwhile rules regulations and proclamations are often against the constitution. Hence in reality there is no such a thing called personal data protection in Ethiopia.
The police at any time can come to your house or office and take your PC and force you to sign in to your email accounts, thanks to the recent anti-terrorist law and telecom fraud law, which allow the police to do whatever they want at any time to anyone including foreign journalists [please check news link]. Even online communications of those exiled are being monitored by the Ethiopian intelligence.
Under gathering information article of Ant- terrorist proclamation Of Ethiopia sub article 4: “The National Intelligence and Security Services or the Police may gather information by surveillance in order to prevent and control acts of terrorism.”
In general terms the law may be there but not implemented. I scored [3] just because the constitution and some related laws protect privacy though violated by other laws or practices. based on this, I grant the reviewer the right to adjust the score towards [0] if he/she finds necessary.
Sources:
(1) By: Alinda Vermeer, 17-Feb-2014 Surveillance follows Ethiopian political refugee to the UK, https://www.privacyinternational.org/blog/surveillance-follows-ethiopian-political-refugee-to-the-uk Accessed June 22, 2014
(2) https://news.yahoo.com/ethiopia-arrests-journalists-bloggers-094351626.html Accessed June 22, 2014
(3) http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/12/2011122773234453851.html Accessed June 22, 2014
(4)http://www.ifex.org/ethiopia/2014/04/01/telecom_surveillance/
(5) Anti-terrorism Proclamation of Ethiopia, http://www.mfa.gov.et/docs/Anti-Terrorism%20Proclamation.pdf Accessed June 22, 2014"
"Ethiopia","ODB.2013.C.RTI",4,"Justification: There is no specific law that deals personal data protection.
Sources:
(1) By Article 19, The legal framework for freedom of expression in Ethiopia, http://www.article19.org/data/files/pdfs/publications/ethiopia-legal-framework-for-foe.pdf
(2)http://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press-2014/press-freedom-rankings#.U6b6bkCJmSp
(3)http://cpj.org/2002/03/editor-released-after-nine-months-in-prison.php
(4) http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=1065
(5) http://www.ifex.org/ethiopia/2014/04/01/telecom_surveillance/"
"Finland","ODB.2013.C.INIT",7,"Finland joined Open Government Partnership at the beginning of 2013. Government’s Open data program 2013 has set goals in order to open data in different sectors, e.g. statistics, corporate data and traffic and communication data, consistence of food supplies and cultural heritage. The program is going to result in national open data portal in which all open data can be found easily. One of the first projects during 2014 is going to be opening Government’s financial data.
Open data is a part of government's public sector ICT strategy (2012) and execution of open government project and an important part of the government platform (new gov 2011). The program is based on the desicion-in-principal of the Finnish Government on opening public data and reusing it (2011). Furthermore, it is based on the Action Programme on eServices and eDemocracy (SADe) by The Ministry of Finance (2009). Ministry of Transport and Communication has a task force focusing on open data and open data is a part of ministry's project program called Kide.
Source 1: Ministry of Finance
Open Government Partnership, http://www.vm.fi/vm/fi/03_tiedotteet_ja_puheet/01_tiedotteet/20120614Suomil/name.jsp
Open Data,
http://www.vm.fi/vm/fi/05_hankkeet/02381_avoin_tieto/index.jsp
http://www.vm.fi/vm/en/05_projects/01_ICT/index.jsp
English version http://www.vm.fi/vm/en/03pressreleasesandspeeches/01pressreleases/20120614Finlan/name.jsp of the press release “Finland to join the Open Government Partnership Initiative” (14.06.2012).
Source 2: Ministry of Transport and Communication
http://www.lvm.fi/julkaisu/4147000/liikenteen-ja-viestinnan-avoin-tieto-tyoryhman-raportti
http://www.lvm.fi/web/hanke/kide-ohjelma
Source 3: Finnish Government,
http://valtioneuvosto.fi/toiminta/periaatepaatokset/periaatepaatos/fi.jsp?oid=322887
As noted in the “Public Sector ICT Strategy” http://www.vm.fi/vm/en/05projects/01ICT/index.jsp (from January 2012) - “The interoperability of public information systems will be ensured through the use of open interfaces and standards.” - “To promote interoperability of information systems, open source standards are used in public administration, which determine the compatibility of information content and IT interfaces.”"
"Finland","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",7,"The government and open data activist groups are communicating and collaborating. There has been a strong open data initiative driven by open data activists and the state has involved NGOs like Open Knowledge Finland and COSS in its work for open data. There are competitions, events and projects calling for opening data and developing applications.
Competitions Apps4finland and Open Helsinki Hack at Home invite IT specialists to develop innovative ways to use open data.
However, this work has been going on for only a few years. Data has been opened and application development has been going on but there is still a lot of work ahead. There are initiatives supported by municipalities like Helsinki Hack at Home and Helsinki Region Infoshare. They have help to develop innovative use for open data,http://www.hri.fi/fi/sovellukset/. These kinds of initiatives have spread to other cities to some extent.
While the overall feeling towards Open Data and Open Access has been (mostly) positive, part of the people active in the open data movement have expressed frustration to the slow pace of the changes. Most of the fault has been attributed to the slow bureaucratic approach of many government employees, where many seem to avoid potential personal risk related to larger changes. Even when government / public sector employee is clearly interested about Open Data, lack of support and resources from their peers can slow down the process. (Source: personal conversations with several persons active in the Open Knowledge Finland ry)
Source 1: Open Helsinki Hack at Home,
www.openhelsinki.hackathome.com
http://www.forumvirium.fi/hankealueet/alykas-kaupunki/open-helsinki-hack-at-home-p
Support for application development from the City of Helsinki
Source 2: Innovation Competition Apps4Finland, http://apps4finland.fi/
By Forum Virium Helsinki, Open Knowledge Finland ry and Suomen Verkkodemokratiaseura ry
Source 3: Open Knowledge Finland, http://fi.okfn.org/
Open Knowledge Festival http://okfestival.org/
Source 4: Helsinki Region Infoshare, http://www.hri.fi/fi/
by Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, Kauniainen, Sitra
Financing competition www.datademo.fi by SITRA and Helsinki Region Infoshare
Source 5: NGO for Open Source, COSS ry. http://coss.fi/avoimuus/avoin-lahdekoodi/"
"Finland","ODB.2013.C.CITY",5,"Government’s open data program has encouraged different actors to open data. Ministries, government agencies, municipalities, enterprises, NGO’s, various organizations developing the sector and citizen bodies are collaborating in the implementation of the programme. Government’s role is to make opening of data possible, give strategic guidance and take the first steps. The Law regulates how the government can give support; it can’t e.g. favor just one actor or company.
There is some direct support for open data actors. For example Open Knowledge of Finland gets about 2/3 of its project funding from the government, e.g. for recent municipal road show and for public sector training days.
Competition Apps4Finland gets some financing from the government, Finnish innovation fund Sitra and other national organizations like Statistics Finland.
Governmental Sitra is one of the financiers of Helsinki Region Infoshare.
Tekes, the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation, has financed some open data projects and seminars.
In the autumn 2014 government will arrange a big cross-sector event Open Finland 2014 and the first version of National Open Data Portal will be opened.
Source 1: Ministry of Finance,
http://www.vm.fi/vm/en/05_projects/024_open_data/index.jsp
Source 2: Interview, Mikael Vakkari, Ministry of Finance, Ministerial adviser, June 3rd 2014
Source 3: Innovation Competition Apps4Finland, http://apps4finland.fi/
http://www.apps4finland.fi/apps4finland-kaynnistyy-vuodelle-2014/
Source 4: Open Knowledge Finland, http://fi.okfn.org/
Open Knowledge Festival http://okfestival.org/
Source 5: http://avoinsuomi2014.fi/
http://vnk.fi/ajankohtaista/tiedotteet/tiedote/fi.jsp?toid=413954&c=0&moid=413960&oid=416623
Source 6: Competition www.datademo.fi
by SITRA and Helsinki Region Infoshare
Source 7: TEKES, the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation
http://www.tekes.fi/nyt/tapahtumat-2013/linked-open-data-finland--avoin-yhdistetty-tieto-suomessa/"
"Finland","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",8,"There is very little training available about open data. Open Knowledge Finland has arranged its first training days for public administration and national heritage/culture sector in spring 2014. Course material is going to be published online. OKFFI and open data activists have also arranged other courses occasionally, e.g. about visualization. In hackathons participants have the possibility to learn new skills. There is no institution or school a company or an individual can go to in order to study open data.
Big companies like Fonecta know how to use datasets and open data and IT people find information they need online, usually in English.
Source 1: Interview, Tarmo Toikkanen, Aalto University, researcher, June 3rd 2014
Source 2: Course material, www.julkinendata.fi
Source 3: Open Knowledge Finland
http://fi.okfn.org/koulutus/avoin_kulttuuridata/
http://fi.okfn.org/koulutus/avoin-julkishallinnon-data/
+++++++++
Finland is a high-tech economy with good access to training on digital skills, including data visualisation and data science.
The Helsinki Region Infoshare[1] project has provided education to civil servants on how to open data and couple of data journalism courses have been organized[2], but there has not been training directed to businesses.
Open Data Tampere Region project[3] organizes monthly meetups in New Factory. Events are open to all; civic developers, public sector and businesses included. Topics dealt with in the meetups varies from how to use data visualization tools and building map based solutions to group work around application ideas in collaboration. Participants are mostly from Pirkanmaa region.
[1]: http://www.hri.fi/fi/ajankohtaista/hri-2012-datanavauskoulutusta-virkamiehille/
[2]: http://datajournalismi.fi/
[3]: http://www.hermia.fi/opendatatre/"
"Finland","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",5,"Open Knowledge Finland and Ministry of Justice arranged a road show in autumn 2013 in order to inspire cities outside the metropolitan area to open data and use it. It inspired Rovaniemi to start its own open data project and discussion forum in FB. Mikkeli published a 3D model of the city as open data. Oulu opened their open data portal in one week. Oulu has also opened the same kind of mobile Journey planner as Helsinki. Jyväskylä is going to open the decisions of the city in the same way as Helsinki. Turku has arranged seminars about open data and listed their open datasets on the information portal of South-West Finland, www.lounaispaikka.fi. The first Apps4South-West Finland competition starts in June 2014. Tampere arranged 2013 their first local Apps4 competition. Helsinki and Tampere are the leading open data cities in Finland. Helsinki Region Infoshare has contributed strongly to open data in the metropolitan area. The next road show will take place in the autumn 2014.
The work has just started outside Helsinki region and a lot of work is still ahead. According to a recent study by Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities 19 % of the municipalities has opened data and 20 % is planning to open data, 6 % of them had not yet opened data. 86 % of the big cities (+100 000) plan to open more data and 14% of the smallest towns (under 40 000) has similar plans at the moment. For some cities like Lahti fees collected from datasets are an important source of income and therefore there is reluctance towards opening data.
Source 1: Article by Antti Poikola, OKFFI, 22 April 2014,
http://www.eoppimiskeskus.fi/en/services/seoppi-magazine/item/401-miten-avoin-tieto-etenee-kunnissa
Source 2: http://fi.okfn.org/roadshow/ and http://fi.okfn.org/regions/
Source 3: Helsinki Region Infoshare, www.hri.fi
Source 3: Tampere Open Data, www.tampere.fi/tampereinfo/avoindata.html, http://apps4pirkanmaa.fi
Source 3: Oulu, www.ouka.fi/oulu/oulu-tietoa/avoin-data
Source 3: Turku, www.lounaispaikka.fi
Source 3: Kuopio, www.kuopio.fi/web/kaupunkitietoa/avoin-data
Source 3: Jyväskylä, http://data.jyvaskyla.fi/
Source 3: Rovaniemi, https://www.facebook.com/events/746349592043516/?ref_newsfeed_story_type=regular
Source 4: Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities, www.kunnat.net, http://www.vm.fi/vm/fi/04_julkaisut_ja_asiakirjat/03_muut_asiakirjat/20140326Avoinh/Avoin-hallinto-ja-tieto-kunnissa-lahti-2014-03-18-mli.pdf"
"Finland","ODB.2013.I.GOV",1,"The work for open data has just begun and there is little evidence of any direct impact. Open data is going to be a part of the guiding principles of governmental and municipal administration. Attitudes are changing gradually and open data is becoming a natural part of administration. It serves also administration because less time is needed to answer information requests of the public and journalists. There are no surveys yet but the government is going to evaluate impacts of open data in the autumn 2014. It is very difficult to say whether the development measured is caused by open data or other factors and to what extent.
Source 1: Interview, Mikael Vakkari, Ministry of Finance, Ministerial adviser, June 3rd 2014
Source 2: Open Data Prorgram, http://www.vm.fi/vm/en/05_projects/024_open_data/index.jsp"
"Finland","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",5,"People are more aware of open data and can demand information and transparency from public actors. More and more public data is opened, e.g. tax administration opened corporation taxes in CSV form in 2011.
Data journalism has spread and big media houses like YLE and HS and they are conducting DJ projects regularly. The data and the story is shared openly and people can use it to find new angles. HS has conducted many open data projects and published e.g. poll data, answers of the candidates and liabilities of doctors who give treatment recommendations (Käypä hoito -sidonnaisuudet).
So there have been increased media visibility and public conversation because of various data journalism projects. In some of them, for example, political lobbying and funding of election campaigns has been analysed & visualised, and results have caused various amounts of confusion in the media.
Open Data usage is still quite limited, but things are slowly improving.
There are some open data apps that visualize public spending (Veropuu), income differences, election results, follow MPs decision-making (www.kansanmuisti.fi) and decision-making (Helsinki’s Open Ahjo/Päätökset kartalla application).
In Helsinki citizens were able to protest against City’s decision to close a local school because they had access to open data, decision portal Open Ahjo. They used the same material as city’s decision-makers and noticed mistakes they had made in calculations and draw different kind of conclusions.
It is possible that open data increases interactivity in decision-making and helps to involve citizens at earlier stage.
Source 1: Interview, Mikael Vakkari, Ministry of Finance, Ministerial adviser, June 3rd 2014
Source 2: Tax Administration, http://www.vero.fi/fi-FI/Avoin_data(29357)
Source 3: http://blogit.hs.fi/hsnext/
Source 4: Interview, Elisa Kettunen, The Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities/Kuntaliitto, specialist, June 4rd 2014
Source 5: Open Data listings, http://www.suomi.fi/suomifi/tyohuone/yhteiset_palvelut/avoin_data/
http://www.paikkatietoikkuna.fi/web/fi"
"Finland","ODB.2013.I.ENV",3,"There are very little environmental apps and a big part of environmental data is not open, like energy consumption. The data is often hard to interpret which makes development of apps difficult. Open data actors have arranged two environmental hachathons, the first in 2013 and the second 2014, in order to encourage development work. As a result new apps have been developed, e.g. apps that educate and help to recycle and save energy. The first Apps4Finland/Lounais-Suomi is going to focus on the Baltic Sea.
Authorities and citizens have started a web service in order to monitor lakes of Finland, www.jarviwiki.fi. It is partly based on open data.
The City of Espoo has made available a web service that helps to see where sun and geo energy is best available. Sun and geo energy maps are published as open data.
Finnish Environment Institute Syke has released open data, web service Oiva. They don’t have information about how their data is used. Also Meteorological Institute, National Land Survey, Forest Research Institute and Geological Survey have released open data which will probably be used by developers to a greater extent than now.
In the future there will be more apps and usage but at the moment the work is in its initial phase.
Source 1: Interview, Lilli Linkola, Sitra, Junior Specialist, June 3rd 2014
Source 2: OKFFI, http://fi.okfn.org/wg/open-sustainability, Energy Hackathon 2013
Source 3: Green Campus Hackathon, http://greencampus.greenhackathon.com 2014
Source 4: www.jarviwiki.fi
Source 5: http://www.espoo.fi/fi-FI/Asuminen_ja_ymparisto/Ymparisto_ja_luonto/Energia_ja_ilmasto/Espoon_energiakartat_avoimena_datana(24830)
Source 6: Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Oiva, https://wwwp2.ymparisto.fi/scripts/oiva.asp
Source 7: Paikkatietoikkuna, http://www.paikkatietoikkuna.fi/web/fi/avoin-paikkatieto;jsessionid=5911A87C5C477A24F9FD0BC665315B1C"
"Finland","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",6,"There are some new businesses based on open data and old businesses that have been able to improve their business because of open data. For example telephone directory company Fonecta can get mapping data for free now and mining companies can get land data for free. Google Maps was able to make a much better map of Finland when mapping data was opened. Google also uses open timetables of the City of Helsinki. A few apps have gained international success like Blind Square and Parkkinappi/ParkMan that locates you, shows you where you can park and collects your payment. Also an app called StormWind has become popular. It is a boating simulator that visualizes more than 30 000 square kilometers of Finnish archipelago with the help of open data. Many apps are not commercial and don’t earn revenue. There are expectations but results are yet to be seen.
Source 1: Interview, Mikael Vakkari, Ministry of Finance, Ministerial adviser, June 3rd 2014
Source 2: Interview, Tarmo Toikkanen, Aalto University, researcher/OKFFI, June 3rd 2014
Source 3: Interview, Tapio Nurminen, FloApps, CEO, June 10th 2014
Source 4: Interview, Tanja Lahti, City of Helsinki, Information Center, Project Manager, June 10th 2014
The Finnish Innovation Agency (SITRA) cite dozens of new companies emerging through their open data Promoto platform[1], and Apps4Finland finalists have included a range of entrepreneurial ideas[2]. IBM Finland report the creation of new businesses using open data[3], including in the transport and meteorological fields. In particular, applications built from Helsinki transport data are cited[4] including Reitti GPS[5].
[1]: http://www.sitra.fi/tulevaisuus/avoin-data
[2]: http://www.apps4finland.fi/vuoden-2012-apps4finland-finalistit-onvalittu/
[3]: http://www.goodnewsfinland.com/archive/themes/open-knowledge/4fe508d2/
[4]: http://www.floapps.com/finnish-open-data-highlights/
[5]: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/reittigps-reittiopas-iphonelle/id290859824?mt=8#"
"Finland","ODB.2013.I.ECON",6,"There are expectations but at the moment you cannot say that the national economy of Finland has improved because of open data. Some old companies have been able to lower their costs because of open data. E.g. phone directory company Fonecta can get mapping data for free now and mining companies can get land data for free. Only a few successful commercial apps have been developed.
Source 1: Interview, Mikael Vakkari, Ministry of Finance, Ministerial adviser, June 3rd 2014
Source 2: Interview, Tarmo Toikkanen, Aalto University/OKFFI, researcher, June 3rd 2014"
"Finland","ODB.2013.I.INC",3,"There are many open democracy initiatives like kansalaisaloite.fi/ kuntalaisaloite.fi/ otakantaa.fi/ kansanmuisti.fi/ avoinministeriö.fi which have increased inclusion of the citizens by providing easy access to decision-makers. There is some open data available within open democracy portals like Kansalaisaloite.fi, i.e. the amount of petitions.
In the social and health sector many type of e-services have been developed within government’s SADe project, open interfaces is the norm but there is only a little open data utilized.
Marginalized groups don’t necessarily know how to use open data and how to find it. They don’t have skills to utilize it. Usually educated people are more aware of open data and can use it for their benefit, like when local citizens in Helsinki protested against City’s decision to close a local school. They could do it because they were informed and had access to open data, Helsinki’s decision portal Open Ahjo.
Web is used widely to provide services for many groups but open data is not yet widely used to increase inclusion of marginalized groups and to make government’s services more accessible for them.
Source 1: Interview, Mikael Vakkari, Ministry of Finance, Ministerial adviser, June 3rd 2014
Source 2: Interview, Tarmo Toikkanen, Aalto University/OKFFI, researcher, June 3rd 2014"
"Finland","ODB.2013.C.DPL",9,"There is a strong legal framework for data protection in Finland. The law gives the right to access, correct and delete outdated personal data. The controller must secure data against unauthorized access and make sure that third party is able to protect the data properly. People have right to know who is collecting personal data and why and to whom it can be given. People have also right to refuse the controller to collect personal information, especially for marketing purposes. The register must be deleted if it is no longer relevant and personal data must be processed in a way that is relevant concerning the purpose of the register. The penalty for a personal data offence is stated in the criminal code of Finland 38§ and the controller is liable to compensate economic or other loss in case of violations. The Data Protection Ombudsman is the authority responsible for issues concerning personal data.
Source 1. Personal Data Act/Henkilötietolaki 22.4.1999/523,
http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1999/19990523?search[type]=pika&search[pika]=henkil%C3%B6tietolaki
Source 2. Several other laws include regulations about processing of personal data,
http://www.tietosuoja.fi/27207.htm
Source 3. Act on the Protection of Privacy in Working Life/Laki yksityisyyden suojasta työelämässä 13.8.2004/759,
http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2004/20040759?search[type]=pika&search[pika]=laki%20yksityisyyden%20suojasta%20ty%C3%B6el%C3%A4m%C3%A4ss%C3%A4
Source 4: Act on the Openness of Government Activities / Laki viranomaisten toiminnan julkisuudesta 21.5.1999/621,
http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1999/19990621
Source 5: Act on the Protection of Privacy in Electronic Communications/Sähköisen viestinnän tietosuojalaki 16.6.2004/516,
http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2004/20040516
Source 6: The Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman, www.tietosuoja.fi
Laws in English: http://www.tietosuoja.fi/27305.htm"
"Finland","ODB.2013.C.RTI",9,"The right is constitutionally recognized as it appears between the basic liberties and rights. Link to the Constitution of Findland (different language versions): http://web.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/parliament/relatedinformation/constitution.htx
According to the Act on the Openness of Government Activities public documents are public, secrecy is an exception (1§). Everybody has the right to receive a public document (3/9§) and the cost has to be reasonable (8/34§). The document must be given without delay within two weeks and in case it requires extra effort in one month (4/14§). If the request is refused the reason must be stated with complaint instructions (4/14§).
The Law in Finland is good and it is working rather well. It includes also internet and different formats of data. Delays can occur when the authority doesn't get requests often and is not familiar with the procedure. More schooling is needed for new and old employees, also for IT personnel. Sometimes authorities claim that their IT system doesn't allow them to give away the information. If giving the information requires substantial resources it is a valid reason not to give the information. At the same time the Law requires that IT systems are not an obstacle.
It happens that the authority uses the 2 weeks law allows to provide the information and don't act immediately. Sometimes when applying the law authorities could be more flexible so that a court case could be avoided. Authorities use denials also for precaution. There is no sanction if you don’t give away information when you should but you can be punished if you give away secret information. It can also be a way to delay the process because legal proceedings take years.
Source 1: Act on the Openness of Government Activities/Laki viranomaisten toiminnan julkisuudesta 21.5.1999/621, http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1999/19990621
Source 2: Phone interview, Heikki Kuutti, University of Jyväskylä, researcher/ doctor/expert on Act on the Openness of Government Activities, May 30, 2014"
"France","ODB.2013.C.INIT",9,"There is a strong national open data initiative with significant resources behind it (5 million Euros), including dedicated staff and budgets (1 & 2). Marilyse Lebranchu (3), minister of public action, is committed to open data and backs the open data initiative. The open data portal had more than 13,000 open datasets at the time of use. (4)
A full roadmap of the initiative can be found here: http://www.modernisation.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/fichiers-attaches/fr-donnees-publiques.pdf. Open data has full support from President Holland, who called for an even more offensive open data strategy (4).
Sources accessed week 24
(1) http://www.data.gouv.fr/
(2) http://www.etalab.gouv.fr/
(3) http://www.action-publique.gouv.fr/reforme-etat
(4) http://www.nextinpact.com/news/87256-francois-hollande-veut-politique-d-open-data-plus-offensive.htm"
"France","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",8,"Etalab has implemented a number of events calling for open data or working with governments to promote open data (Opne data week,Open data camp, Paris Open data conference ). A network of partners (2) and experts (3) are engaged to promote the use - and are using (4) - open government data.
Sources accessed week 24
(1) http://opendataweek.org/presentation/, http://www.regardscitoyens.org/open-data-camp-paris/, http://www.cnnumerique.fr/ConfParis/
(2) http://www.etalab.gouv.fr/pages/Reseau_dexperts--8668267.html
(3)http://www.etalab.gouv.fr/pages/Partenaires--6739563.html
(4 )http://opendatafrance.net/les-ateliers/"
"France","ODB.2013.C.CITY",6,"Competitions such as Dataconnexions (1), grants through the national innovative enterprises challenge (2) in which open data related projects are invited to submit their proposals, supports a culture of innovation using open- data. The French president, associated to a number of ministries (culture, education, public action...) supports explicitly these initiatives (3).
Sources accessed week 24
(1) http://www.modernisation.gouv.fr/en/mots-cle/dataconnexions, http://www.etalab.gouv.fr/pages/Reglement_du_concours_Dataconnexions-8764080.html
(2) http://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/cid76051/ouverture-des-inscriptions-au-concours-national-d-aide-a-la-creation-d-entreprises-de-technologies-innovantes-2014.html
(3)Berne, Xavier - François Hollande veut une politique d’Open Data « plus offensive » - Nextimpact - 28/04/2014 - http://www.nextinpact.com/news/87256-francois-hollande-veut-politique-d-open-data-plus-offensive.htm"
"France","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",7,"As shown on the libertic map (1) all of the largest cities and regions (e.g : 2) in France do have open data initiatives. All are institutionally backed and are given adequate resources (2).
Sources:
(1) http://www.opendata-map.org/map
(2) http://lesmatineesdelopendata.fr/producteurs.html, http://www.datalocale.fr/, http://data.iledefrance.fr/explore/, http://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/organization?page=3"
"France","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",7,"The available training sessions cover the full range of open data issues (data technology, data science and statistics, data visualisation, open data business and legal issues, etc... Some training are even free and using (2). Challenges on open- data are also organised (3) to promote open-data based knowledge.
Sources accessed week 24
(1) http://www.comundi.fr/formation/121439/big-data-et-open-data--.html, http://inno3.fr/fr/services/formation/open-data-pourquoi-et-comment, http://www.2i2l.fr/spip.php?article240, http://cursus.edu/institutions-formations-ressources/formation/21909/big-data-open-data-vos-donnees/#.U_VeUbxdWhk
(2) http://www.france-universite-numerique.fr/semaine-de-l-open-education.html
(4) http://fr.okfn.org/category/open-data/"
"France","ODB.2013.I.GOV",4,"Cases such as FinCom (evaluation of the financial situation of cities and counties (1) or Datapublica territories scorecard to enhance local policies' efficiency (2) demonstrate that open data in France have a noticeable impact in increasing government efficiency and effectiveness.
Furthermore, enhancing such efficiency is one of the publicized target of the actual policy (3). Indeed, the government's approach to making data open (in a very startup style) has contributed to the government's overall efficiency in collected and publishing such large amounts of data (4).
(1) http://www.cetadata.com/pages/data-services.php (password needed)
(2) http://www.data-publica.com/content/les-tableaux-de-bord-des-territoires/
(3) Verdier, Henri - L'open data, c'est (aussi) de l'efficacité stratégique - on his blog February,10 2014 - http://www.henriverdier.com/2014/02/lopen-data-cest-aussi-de-lefficacite.html - Of note, Henri Verdier is Etalab's director & http://www.modernisation.gouv.fr/le-sgmap.
(4) How France’s Open Data Team Is Modernizing The French Government Through Data-Feb 12, 2014, http://techcrunch.com/2014/02/12/how-frances-open-data-team-is-modernizing-the-french-government-through-data/"
"France","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",5,"Since the deployment of the French open-data initiative, open data is widely used and cited as a tool having made contributions to increase transparency and accountability. In less than four years, cases such as Nos finances locales (1) on local financial situations, informations on the way national representatives use their allocated individual budget (2), Nos Députés (3) on elected representatives legislative activity or the processes and plan behind the deployment of Paris new metro (4), all based on open data, are becoming more and more present. In spring 2014, the French Government became the 64th country to join the Open Government Partnership(5).
Sources:
(1) http://www.nosfinanceslocales.fr/#/
(2) http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/reserve_parlementaire/plf
(3) http://www.nosdeputes.fr/
(4) Biseul, Xavier - Grand Paris Express, le premier métro 100 % open data - Le futur métro automatique qui desservira 72 gares franciliennes sera aussi « le plus digital au monde ». 170 entreprises, startups et collectivité se mobilisent pour réaliser le premier métro natif open data - 01Business - 16/06/14 - http://pro.01net.com/editorial/621958/grand-paris-express-le-premier-metro-100-pour-cent-open-data/
(5) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/blog/blog-editor/2014/04/24/france-becomes-64th-country-join-open-government-partnership"
"France","ODB.2013.I.ENV",2,"Some research is underway in order to demonstrate that open data makes a significant contribution to the environmental sustainability (1). However, a number of cases demonstrate that open-data usage in the environment sector already has a measurable impact as regard to business deployment (2)
(1) http://baguala.hypotheses.org/
(2) Pierson, J ; Noucher, M ; Gautreau, P ; Louca, L, Pissoat, O ; Jautard, A; Lesage, S - Analyse des patrimoines de données géographiques nationaux. Comparaison de trois infrastructures nationales de données géographiques (France, Brésil, Bolivie),
http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/91/46/14/PDF/SAGEO13_POSTER_BAGUALA_corrige.pdf
(3) http://www.opendatasoft.com/fr/references/"
"France","ODB.2013.I.INC",3,"Information such as access to proper housing (1), social innovation (2)shows that open data usage can influence public policy as regard to marginalized groups and increase social inclusion. Reports are accessible via foras (3) and more based on case studies than - for the time being - real indicators.
(1)http://opendata.hauts-de-seine.net/jeu-de-donnees/nombre-de-logements-subventionnes-au-titre-de-lamelioration-de-lhabitat-prive
(2) http://www.bretagne-creative.net/
(3) http://forum-usages-cooperatifs.net/index.php/Accueil"
"France","ODB.2013.I.ECON",5,"Initiatives such as the French-Tech (1) in which open-data is paramount (2), start-ups such as mfglabs (3) are evidence of the contributions of open-data to the economy. However, if some first media evidence of the impact do exist (4), specific indicators are yet to be deployed.
(1) http://www.lafrenchtech.com/
(2) Leguilloux, Claude - Fleur Pellerin réaffirme le rôle fondamental de l'open data pour les startups de la 'French Tech' - Boursier.com - 05/12/2013- http://www.boursier.com/actualites/news/fleur-pellerin-reaffirme-le-role-fondamental-de-l-open-data-pour-les-startups-de-la-french-tech-557583.html
(3) http://mfglabs.com/
(4) Capelle, Quentin - L’Open data offre toujours de belles possibilités aux entreprises
Atelier BNP - Paribas - 20/12/2013 - http://www.atelier.net/trends/articles/open-data-offre-toujours-de-belles-possibilites-aux-entreprises_426423"
"France","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",7,"More than 100 startups presented at the very recent startupassembly event (1) had a business model based on one or more usage of open-data sources. Likewise, The ""e-usages observatory"" indicates that 8162 companies have a business model in which open-data is paramount, for a total of 39 447 employees (2).
There many examples of startups whose business model is in fact to help other businesses and organizations open up their data (3)
Sources accessed week 23
(1)http://www.startupassembly.co/startups?utf8=%E2%9C%93&date=&city=§or=3
(2)Chiffres Clefs 2014 - Dernières données disponibles - Observatoire du numérique - May 2014 - http://www.observatoire-du-numerique.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-Chiffres-cles-ON.pdf
(3) http://theodi.org/news/french-president-talks-open-data-with-odi-paris-and-odi-supporter-snips-at-exclusive-honorary-lunch, http://fivebyfive.paris/#, http://snips.net/, http://www.opendatasoft.com/fr/,"
"France","ODB.2013.C.DPL",8,"France has a comprehensive legislative regime arising from the implementation of the EUData Protection Directive 95/46 EC. (1)
Since 1978 (2) and the law related to the protection of data, there is in France a very robust legal and operational framework offering to all citizens :
- the right of choice/consent to the treatment of their data(3),
- the right to access (4) and/or correct one's personal data(5),
and imposes clear responsibilities on information holders and provides a right of redress (6)against both private and public bodies that violate data privacy(7).
IN March 2014, the National Commission on Freedom and Information (CNIL) imposed a 10,000 euro fine on Actes-Types.com for refusing during more than five years to erase the names and addresses of professionals (such as lawyers) from their online directory. (8) This illustrates that the framework is put into practice, although this case started five years ago.
(1) http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf
(2)http://www.cnil.fr/documentation/textes-fondateurs/loi78-17/
(3) http://www.cnil.fr/vos-droits/vos-droits/le-droit-dopposition/
(4) http://www.cnil.fr/vos-droits/vos-droits/le-droit-dacces/
(5) http://www.cnil.fr/vos-droits/vos-droits/le-droit-de-rectification/
(6) LOI n° 2004-801 du 6 août 2004 relative à la protection des personnes physiques à l'égard des traitements de données à caractère personnel et modifiant la loi n° 78-17 du 6 janvier 1978 relative à l'informatique, aux fichiers et aux libertés - http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000441676&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id
(7)Girard-Oppici, Carole - Les données personnelles et la protection de la vie privée à l'heure des nouvelles technologies - Net Iris 20/05/2014 & http://www.csa.eu/multimedia/data/sondages/data2014/opi20140123-les-francais-et-la-protection-des-donnees-personnelles.pdf
(8) http://www.nextinpact.com/news/86398-la-cnil-inflige-amende-10-000-euros-a-annuaire-en-ligne.htm"
"France","ODB.2013.C.RTI",7,"As a preambule, it must be said that in France, freedom of press and right to access information is a principle since july the 29th 1881 (1). It has been reinforced to be applied to television(2), to enhance freedom of global communications (3), to reinforced the journalists rights and sources protection (4).
Access to information is thus enshrined in these general principles, to the point that the law (5) to ensure access was discussed and voted at the same time than the ""informatique et liberté"" text. An adhoc commission (http://www.cada.fr/) ensure swift access.The only limits are the issues related to national security.Nonetheless, it must be stressed that - according to certain institutions - there is room for improvement in France (6).
There is a RTI law that enshrines the right to access to public sector information [7]. Citizen can appeal to an independent authority but decisions are non-binding [8].
According to a GRI report: 'The RTI law does not fully apply to legislative and judicial branches' and 'public bodies are sometimes unwilling to respond to email requests for information' [9].
Sources accessed week 23
(1) Loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la liberté de la presse - http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070722&dateTexte=20080312
(2) Loi n° 82-652 du 29 juillet 1982 sur la communication audiovisuelle - http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000880222
(3) Loi n° 86-1067 du 30 septembre 1986 relative à la liberté de communication (Loi Léotard) - http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006068930
(4)LOI n° 2010-1 du 4 janvier 2010 relative à la protection du secret des sources des journalistes (1)http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000021601325&categorieLien=id
(5) Loi n° 78-753 du 17 juillet 1978 portant diverses mesures d'amélioration des relations entre l'administration et le public et diverses dispositions d'ordre administratif, social et fiscal - http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006068643&dateTexte=vig & Décret n°2005-1755 du 30 décembre 2005 relatif à la liberté d'accès aux documents administratifs et à la réutilisation des informations publiques, pris pour l'application de la loi n° 78-753 du 17 juillet 1978 - http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000265304&dateTexte=vig
(6) http://rti-rating.org/
(7): Loi n° 78-753 du 17 juillet 1978 portant diverses mesures d'amélioration des relations entre l'administration et le public et diverses dispositions d'ordre administratif, social et fiscal, 17th July 1978, http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006068643&dateTexte=vig
(8): Commission d'Accès aux Documents Administratifs, http://www.cada.fr/
(9): Global Right to Information Update: an Analysis by Region, Freedom of Information Network, July 2013, p 57-58,http://www.foiadvocates.net/
-Tim Davies"
"Germany","ODB.2013.C.INIT",6,"Responsibility for Open Data is not situated at the top level with the Chancellor, but within a very small department in the Ministry of the Interior, counting less than 5 people. The Federal states again vary strongly in their approaches, Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen still being the avant-garde, and others rather far behind, to the absence of any activities.
Open Data is not mandatory for all federal agencies, nor does such a plan yet exist. The Digital Openness Index illustrates this (1). Within the scope of Open Governement plans, OGD does play a role, but not a crucial one. The Federal government has announced to publish information in an open form in its coalition agreement (November 2013; 2)
The Federal Data Portal govdata.de is still in public beta, and also contains a number of non-open datasets (presently almost one third) (3). As long as we lack a central open data law, the quality and quantity of open data on the portal will remain low (4).
As Germany is part of the Open Data Charta, and thus wants to publish key datasets until 2015 (5), this indicates some movement also within areas where noting was bound to move. On the other hand, Germany didn't publish its short term agenda until the end of 2013, which actually was a prerequisite. This was explained with negotiations for building a new government after the federal elections in September 2013. Right now the agenda (!) is expected to be published by the end of the year. (6)
(1) http://beta.do-index.org/
(2) http://www.spd.de/linkableblob/112790/data/20131127_koalitionsvertrag.pdf
(3) http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Grosse-Koalition-bekennt-sich-zu-Open-Data-2056057.html
(4) Frequent exchange with Daniel Dietrich, Christian Heise and Friedrich Lindenberg of Open Knowledge Foundation Germany
(5) https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-data-charter/g8-open-data-charter-and-technical-annex
(6) Jan Ole Beyer, Federal Ministry of the Interior, telephone interview, June 30, 2013 [Not quite sure if this was off the record]"
"Germany","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",8,"The civil society is very strongly involved with key players such as the German chapter of the OKFN (1), the German Action Committee for Open Government Partnership (2), the Digitale Gesellschaft (3). Especially the OKF has a well concerted number of initiatives, such as Code for Germany (cooperating with Code for America), wich has spread out over a number of cities, involving nearly all people the field working with data (4). Another example run by the OKF is Coding DaVinci, an open cultural data hackathon (5).
(1) http://okfn.de/
(2) http://opengovpartnership.de/
(3) https://digitalegesellschaft.de/
(4) http://codefor.de
(5) http://codingdavinci.de/"
"Germany","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"Right now, competitions are at a rather low level. They are mostly triggered by CSOs, the initiative is not on the side of the Federal government. States and cities, on the other hand, are running their competitions.
Grants are not available yet to my knowledge.
The city of Cologne ran a contest on Federal election data in fall 2013 (1)
The Federal States Berlin and Brandenburg ran a geodata competition called Geo|Apps (2)
The only known Federal example is the program ""Smart Data"" by the Federal Ministry of Economy. It wants to foster innovation through using data - it is not limited to open data. The first phase began in November 2013, phase 4 will start in mid August 2014 (3 + 4).
The eGovernment competition is actually done by three multi-national software companies (Bearing Point, Cisco, SAP; 5)
The Open Knowledge Foundation ran ""Coding da Vinci"" on open cultural data in summer 2014 (6)
The OKF and Young Rewired State also staged a youth competition called ""Jugend hackt"" (7)
Further the OKF organised two events spread out over Germany on the Federal election day (September 22, 2013) and the European Election (May 23, 2014) called ""Wahldatenhelfer"", a name derived from ""Wahlhelfer"" (election worker) and data (8)
Plus the German edition of the annual Internatinal Open Data Day, also organised by the OKFN (9)
(1) http://www.offenedaten-koeln.de/blog/wuerfel
(2) http://www.mi.brandenburg.de/media_fast/1069/2013-06-21_GeolApps_PM_MWE.pdf
(3) http://www.bmwi.de/DE/Service/wettbewerbe,did=596106.html
(4) http://www.bmwi.de/BMWi/Redaktion/PDF/Publikationen/smart-data-innovationen-aus-daten-ein-technologiewettbewerb,property=pdf,bereich=bmwi2012,sprache=de,rwb=true.pdf
(5) http://www.egovernment-wettbewerb.de/
(6) http://codingdavinci.de/
(7) http://jugendhackt.de/
(8) http://wahldatenhelfer.de/
(9) http://okfn.de/2014/01/international-open-data-day-2014/"
"Germany","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",6,"Training for people dedicatedly wanting to work with open data is very limited. There are various courses on data within computer science, on data science and data journalism as well as business building, but we lack dedicated courses.
There are however local initiatives helping people to acquire skills such as Open Tech School (1) or free Design Thinking classes at the University of Potsdam for entrepreneurial skills (2), German language code learning resources (3) and various data science courses (4).
The University of Magdeburg and the University of Koblenz-Landau even offer computational visualistics as a degree (5)
Data journalism is taught at various journalism schools (6, 7) and universities (8, 9)
As final anecdote (single example), the person in charge of open data in the small city of Moers (North Rhine-Westphalia) cooperates with a local secondary school, engaging students and teaching them on open data (10)
(1) http://www.opentechschool.org/berlin/
(2) http://www.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/d_school/home.html
(3) http://programmierenlernen.info/
(4) http://www.curtalo.de/lounge/studiengaenge-datenexperten/
(5) http://www.computervisualistik.de/
(6) http://www.rtl-journalistenschule.de/export/sites/journalistenschule/_sonstiges/dokumente/Prog_RTL_SS_2013.pdf
(7) http://www.akademie-fuer-publizistik.de/seminare/seminare-finden/archiv/details/datenjournalismus-i-1/
(8) Hochschule Darmstadt: https://www.h-da.de/studium/studienangebot/studiengaenge/architektur-medien-und-design/onlinejournalismus-ba/
(9) http://www.wissenschaftsjournalismus.org/ba-zweitfach-datenanalyse.html (as of winter term 2014/15)
(10) http://www.moers.de/C1257221003C7526/html/F8B54307CC2B0BF5C1257CC40040BD15?opendocument"
"Germany","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",8,"To a rather strong extent: Berlin was one of the very first cities, the fist one to run an OGD portal of its own.
Bremen, Hamburg, Bavaria, Baden-Wuerttemmberg, Rheinland-Palatinate run one too, North Rhine-Wesphalia just published a strategy including OGD (1). Cities such Cologne (2), Bochum and Moers are starting with on data as well. The Index of Digital Openness by the Free University of Berlin shows very mixed findings on the regional initiatives (3).
Open Data Map by the Institute for Information Management Bremen also shows where and how data are being shared (4).
(1) http://www.nrw.de/open-nrw/nrw-stellt-eckpunkte-der-open-government-strategie-vor-14245/
(2) http://www.offenedaten-koeln.de/
(3) http://beta.do-index.org/
(4) http://open-data-map.de/#karte (in progress, not complete yet)"
"Germany","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",5,"Detailed election data available in an open form allowed the Berlin daily newspaper Berliner Morgenpost to display the results on the level of all 1709 polling stations, adding demographic data such as average age, average income, percentage of welfare recipients etc. on this detailed level. This granular display allowed gaining very detailed insights for each voter. (1)
Another example is the budget visualisation site done by the Federal Ministry of Finances. It displays the budget in a visual form and allows downloading partial budgets in XLS format (2). This offering was inspired by the community-driven initiative offenerhaushalt.de, which already offered such a budget visualisation before (3).
The Pirate Party in Berlin and in North-Rhine Westphalia have launched two individual projects both increasing tranparency. In North Rhine-Westphalia, the made it possible for citizens and others to display community financial data on an interactive map (4). In Berlin, all (content) data on the capital region's scandalous airport project BER can be found in an open form and also retrieved via a content API (5).
When looking at how data is made better available for citizens, ""Bürger baut Stadt"" (Citizen builds the City) can pose as an example. It displays planned building projects in Berlin in a comprehensible way (5).
Also an initiative of developers contributed to a better understandability of council information system data by realising ""Open Ruhr"" for several cities in North-Rhine Westphalia. It is based on openly usable data (6).
(1) http://berlinwahlkarte2013.morgenpost.de/
(2) http://www.bundeshaushalt-info.de/startseite/#
(3) http://offenerhaushalt.de
(4) https://kfd.piratenfraktion-nrw.de/
(5) https://ber.piratenfraktion-berlin.de/
(5) http://www.buergerbautstadt.de/
(6) http://openruhr.de/openruhrris/"
"Germany","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",5,"One example of a future business case is the website SONA (1), which uses transit connection data for Berlin and Brandenburg, housing data via the API of a private website (Immobilienscout), displayed on a OSM map. It allows defining several important points of ones daily live (work place, regularly visited place) and finding a flat within the optimal reach of all of these. The site was developed as a masters project, developer Henning Hollburg sees potential in offering this service on a B2B basis.
Another example is the Berlin based company Lokaler, which provides interactive map and GIS services especially for publishers. It relies completely on open data (2).
The data journalism and visualisation agency OpenDataCity is leading in its field, with very high critical acclaim, strongly relying on open data and making data open (3).
An extensive paper by the real estate company Bauwens concludes (4) a strong synergetical potential between open data initiatives and startups.
(1) http://www.geographie.uni-potsdam.de/sona/ [down when re-visiting while working on reviewer's comments]
(2) http://www.lokaler.de/
(3) http://www.opendatacity.de
(4) http://www.bauwens.de/fileadmin/content/partnerbrief/01-2014/ISPRAT_Whitepaper_Digitale_Raeume.pdf"
"Germany","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No evidence could be found. Presently, the focus is more on inclusion of marginalised groups in a proper way, open data is not a relevant factor in these actions yet.
Source: Telephone interview with Jan Ole Beyer, Federal Ministry of the Interior, in charge of Open Data, June 30, 2014"
"Germany","ODB.2013.I.ENV",3,"An open data based application by the newspaper Heilbronner Stimme shows the exact characteristics of the drinking water in the region, for each village (1).
The Federal Environmental Agency is running a pilot project on linked open environmental data (2).
The website thru.de by the Federal Environmental Agency shows how much pollution a facility in the neighbourhood produces or which chemicals remain in wastewater released from sewage treatment plants into the environment (3). This example is completely open data and is highly usable for end users.
(1) http://www.stimme.de/themen/live/Was-steckt-in-meinem-Leitungswasser;art131328,3047346
(2) http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/themen/nachhaltigkeit-strategien-internationales/information-als-instrument/linked-environment-data
(3) http://www.thru.de/karte/"
"Germany","ODB.2013.I.ECON",2,"On a large scale, impact cannot really be noticed yet. The only massive aspect are geodata of all kinds, which have been strongly released in 2013. In particular data by the Bundesamt for Kartographie (Federal Agency for
Cartography) is relied on strongly since it was released as open data in April 2013. (1)
Other Federal states such as Bavaria (2) or Baden-Wuerttemberg also do so now (3).
One measurable result is the acquisition of the open data based startup Skobbler (4) for 24 million dollars through Telenav.
A study for the German capital Berlin expects an economic benefit of publishing all of its data openly between 21 and 54 mio. Euro per year (5). This is more to be considered as a side note, as the study is looking into the future.
demosEUROPA, the Warsaw Institute of Economic Studies and Microsoft published a similar study in January 2014. I measures the effect of ""big and open data"" on the EU's economy and predicts a open data related GDP increase of 2% for Germany by 2020. (6)
(1) http://www.geodatenzentrum.de/geodaten/gdz_rahmen.gdz_div?gdz_spr=deu&gdz_akt_zeile=5&gdz_anz_zeile=0&gdz_user_id=0
(2) http://www.vermessung.bayern.de/opendata
(3) https://www.lgl-bw.de/lgl-internet/opencms/de/07_Produkte_und_Dienstleistungen/Open_Data_Initiative/
(4) http://www.telenav.com/about/pr/pr-20140130.html
(5) http://www.tsb-berlin.de/media/uploads/publikationen/2014_Digitales_Gold_Open_Data.pdf
(6) http://www.microsoft.com/global/eu/RenderingAssets/pdf/2014%20Jan%2028%20EMEA%20Big%20and%20Open%20Data%20Report%20-%20Final%20Report.pdf"
"Germany","ODB.2013.I.GOV",3,"The German Association of Towns and Municipalities together with others in a discussion paper points to the example of the City of Bonn which used the Open311 standard API to integrate different services. This proved to be quicker and cheaper (1).
An area addressing transparency and effectiveness is official development aid. In Germany, the Ministry for Development Cooperation's latest IATI data release includes data on NGO funding with details on projects and their respective area. Thus, secondary funding via NGOs can be monitored and also analysed by the governments in the recipient countries (2). The Ministry started publishing data in March 2013, the second batch was released in October 2013, the third on in March 2014 (3). However, about 40 percent of Germany's official development aid come from the Foreign Ministry, Federal states and other ministries (4).
(1) http://opus.kobv.de/zlb/volltexte/2014/23093/pdf/Positionspapier_Open_Data_Vitako_KGSt_DStGB.pdf
(2) http://www.openaid.de/blog/2014/04/02/bmz-publishes-iati-data-ngo-funding
(3) http://www.bmz.de/de/was_wir_machen/wege/transparenz-fuer-mehr-Wirksamkeit/Veroeffentlichung-gemaess-IATI-Standard/index.html
(4) http://www.openaid.de/blog/2013/10/07/open-aid-data-made-germany"
"Germany","ODB.2013.C.DPL",10,"Germany has a very strong tradition of protecting personal data. The National Data Protection Officer (1) as well as the federal state officers have very dedicated positions and clearly position themselves on the consumer side. For instance, the Unabhängiges Landeszentrum für Datenschutz (Schleswig-Holstein) has followed multiple lawsuits against Facebook and companies using Facebook fan sites (2). In February 2014, a Berlin court confirmed a 2012 verdict against Facebook, emphasising the applicability of German data protection law to Facebook (3). Furthermore, the current government plans to tighten data protection law, and allow consumer protection associations to take businesses to court for data protection law breaches (4).
(1) http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/datenschutz-beauftragter-peter-schaar-der-nette-1.1807274
(2) http://www.rechtzweinull.de/archives/1176-landeszentrum-datenschutz-uld-unterliegt-vor-dem-verwaltungsgericht-schleswig-holstein-betreiber-von-facebook-seiten-nicht-fuer-die-datenverarbeitung-der-plattform-verantwortlich.html
(3) http://www.internet-law.de/2014/02/kammgericht-fuer-facebook-gilt-deutsches-datenschutzrecht.html
(4) http://www.whitecase.com/articles/032014/germany-tighten-data-protection-laws-consumer-protection-associations-granted-right-businesses-court/#.U75yfY2Sy34"
"Germany","ODB.2013.C.RTI",7,"On a federal level a law has been existing since 2005. Yet the number of exceptions on privacy and competition reasons reaches rather far. And still not all federal states have established a FOI law - Hesse, Bavaria and Saxony remain reluctant, while Baden-Württemberg and Lower Saxony are gradually developing such laws (1).
The practice on the federal level is flawed by examples of overly leaning towards protecting security, business and privacy exemptions (2). In addition, the Federal Ministry of the Interior fileda takedown request to the FOI portal Fragdenstaat.de for publishing a whitepaper - ironically resorting to copyright reasons (3). The practical RTI has been further limited as the Federal Court of Auditors was exempt from the FOI right in March 2014 (4).
Also, no consequences have followed the assessment of the Federal FOI law of 2012 yet (5)
The former Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information, Peter Schaar, also criticises a lack of protection for whistleblowers in Germany (6).
(1) http://www.transparency.de/Informationsfreiheit.85.0.html
(2) http://www.zeit.de/digital/internet/2013-04/ifg-schaar
(3) https://netzpolitik.org/2014/zensurheberrecht-fragdenstaat-verklagt-die-bundesrepublik-und-gewinnt-ohne-es-zu-wissen/
(4) http://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2014-03/ifg-transparenz-bundesrechnungshof
(5) http://www.transparency.de/fileadmin/pdfs/Themen/Verwaltung/Informationsfreiheit_/174522BEvaluationIFGGutachten.pdf
(6)"
"Ghana","ODB.2013.C.INIT",3,"1. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations, National Information and Technology Agency (NITA) in interview in his office on June 30, 2014 at 5.00 pm.
2.The Ghana Open Data Initiative (GODI): was started in 2012 by the National Information and Technology Authority (NITA) to create an open data community and a national data portal for Ghana to empower citizens for feedback on governance. The Portal also seeks to engage Sector Communities through the portal and engage citizens through portal, social media and media outreach. Source: Presentation by Mr. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations & Support, NITA. ""CSOs Trained on Internet Freedom and ICT Development in Ghana . However, there is more work to be done on the portal to ensure that all information is available on it.
3. NITA Makes government information accessible "
"Ghana","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",3,"1. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations, National Information and Technology Agency (NITA) in interview in his office on June 30, 2014 at 5.00 pm.
2. ""GODI and CSOs Hold Meetings on Ghana Open Data Portal"" . There have been some interactions with CSOs and professionals on open data but this has not been widespread and are yet to yield satisfactory results as there has not been any coordinated campaign for open data usage."
"Ghana","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",3,"1. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations, National Information and Technology Agency (NITA) in interview in his office on June 30, 2014 at 5.00 pm.
2. ICT Tools for the Oil and Gas Sector in Ghana
3. CSOs Trained on Internet Freedom and ICT Development in Ghana "
"Ghana","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"1. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations, National Information and Technology Agency (NITA) in interview in his office on June 30, 2014 at 5.00 pm.
2. The Ghana Open Data Initiative (GODI): publishes information about the regions and the local government authorities called the Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies.
3. However, the local authorities also have a common website termed ""Ghana Districts"" where all necessary information about the Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies can be found."
"Ghana","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"1. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations, National Information and Technology Agency (NITA) in interview in his office on June 30, 2014 at 5.00 pm.
2. Even though the National Information and Technology Authority (NITA) created an open data community and a national data portal for Ghana (The Ghana Open Data Initiative (GODI): )to empower citizens for feedback on governance, there is no evidence that government provides direct support towards creating a culture of open data through grants."
"Ghana","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"1. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations, National Information and Technology Agency (NITA) has indicated that he is not aware of any study on the impact of the Ghana Open Data Initiative since it was started in 2012.
2. Searches on the Internet also yielded no information on such impacts."
"Ghana","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"1. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations, National Information and Technology Agency (NITA)has indicated that he is not aware of any study on the impact of the Ghana Open Data Initiative since it was started in 2012.
2. Searches on the Internet also yielded no information on such impacts."
"Ghana","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"1. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations, National Information and Technology Agency (NITA) has indicated that he is not aware of any study on the impact of the Ghana Open Data Initiative since it was started in 2012.
2. Searches on the Internet also yielded no information on such impacts."
"Ghana","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"1. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations, National Information and Technology Agency (NITA) has indicated that he is not aware of any study on the impact of the Ghana Open Data Initiative since it was started in 2012.
2. Searches on the Internet also yielded no information on such impacts."
"Ghana","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"1. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations, National Information and Technology Agency (NITA) has indicated that he is not aware of any study on the impact of the Ghana Open Data Initiative since it was started in 2012.
2. Searches on the Internet also yielded no information on such impacts."
"Ghana","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"1. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations, National Information and Technology Agency (NITA)has indicated that he is not aware of any study on the impact of the Ghana Open Data Initiative since it was started in 2012.
2. Searches on the Internet also yielded no information on such impacts."
"Ghana","ODB.2013.C.DPL",6,"1. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations, National Information and Technology Agency (NITA) in interview in his office on June 30, 2014 at 5.00 pm.
2. Nana Kwame Asamoah, Chief Executive Officer of Cell Afrique in an interview on June 30, 2014 in his office at 4.00 pm
3. The National Communications Authority (NCA) has specific licensing criteria for various types of telecom/ICT operators. See ."
"Ghana","ODB.2013.C.RTI",2,"1. Eric Akumiah, Director of Operations, National Information and Technology Agency (NITA) in interview in his office on June 30, 2014 at 5.00 pm.
2. Nana Kwame Asamoah, Chief Executive Officer of Cell Afrique in an interview on June 30, 2014 in his office at 4.00 pm.
Ghana does not have a Right to Information legislation although the Constitution provides for the right to information. However, a Right to Information Bill has been pending since 2003 and is now before the Parliament of Ghana. In spite of pressures from various stakeholders, including the Right to Information Coalition, the Bill has still not been passed."
"Greece","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"Greece is a member of the Open Government Partnership and from 2010 runs a groundbreaking open government initiative (Transparency Initiative Program or “Clarity”), which obliges every public body to upload in the Web all its decisions in order to be valid and applicable. Data are machine-processable through a public API, which grants access to all decisions and decrees issued by the Greek public authorities according to the Transparency law. All data is available under a Creative Commons – Attribution 3.0 license.
The recent quality upgrade of the Transparency Initiative Program, the provision of Rest API for public contract and the ambitious commitments of the Greek OGP form a more mature and better resourced OGD initiative.
OGD policy has started to motivate the academic community and to attract the civic engagement but it still has to mainly overcome organizational and political obstacles (e.g. bureaucracy and “closed” systems in public sector).
Government action plan, Ministry of Administrative Reform and e-Governance, June 2014, Public Consultation of the Greek Action Plan for the Open Government Partnership Initiative, http://www.opengov.gr/ogp/?p=306
Rest API, The General Secretariat for Commerce, Ministry of Development, 2014, National e-procurement system, http://www.promitheus.gov.gr/docs/rest.html
Open Government portal, Ministry of Administrative Reform and e-Governance, The Transparency Program initiative (or Cl@rity), 2014, https://et.diavgeia.gov.gr/en
Open Data portal, Greek Government, 2014, the National Open Data portal, http://data.gov.gr/"
"Greece","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",5,"There is an increasing number of actions and engagement over open data events and initiatives mainly from information technology professionals but still with limited penetration in civil society. There is no yet a coordinated campaign for open data usage in national scale. The Greek Free / Open Source Software Society (GFOSS) is the only organization which participates as co-organizer or main supporter in almost all Open Data events.
Hackathon, the Homer project, 2014, Hack4Med Crete, http://hack4med.homerproject.eu/crete/
OD applications challenge, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki & Municipality of Thessaloniki, 2014, Apps for Thessaloniki, http://thessaloniki.appsforgreece.eu/
Hackathon, Ministry of Administrative Reform and e-Governance & GFOSS, 2014, Open Public Data Hackathon, http://www.ydmed.gov.gr/?p=8291"
"Greece","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",5,"Following the example of Municipality of Lamia, the two larger cities of Greece (Athens and Thessaloniki) and Heraklion initiated their open data policy. In the case of Athens the publicly available data are of high value (Real-time budget execution in detail) and the other two cities (Thessaloniki and Heraklion) combine data initiation with a hackathon and apps challenge.
Open data, Municipality of Athens, 2014, Real-time budget execution in detail,
https://www.cityofathens.gr/khe/proypologismos
Open Data portal, Municipality of Thessaloniki, open datasets, http://cities.opendatahub.gr/dataset
Website, Municipality of Lamia, 2013, open data, http://www.lamia.gr/tax-ypiresies-2/term/718
Open Data portal, Municipality of Heraklion, open datasets,
http://www.heraklionopencity.gr/en/dataset"
"Greece","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",6,"There is limited but growing access to training on open data issues. During 2014, the National Centre for Public Administration and Local Government (EKDDA), which trains public servants, included open data in its curriculum. The International Research-Centered Summer School lead by NCSR ""Demokritos"" combines cognitive systems with data analysis. The Athens University of Economics and Business continues to offer a professional training program in Data science and university course in Information Law which involve a thorough analysis in open data issues.
Course, The National Centre for Public Administration and Local Government (EKDDA), 2014, e-government, http://www.ekdd.gr/ekdda/images/ekpaideusi/2014_Esdda_Programma_Spoudes.pdf
Summer School, Software & Knowledge Engineering Lab (SKEL) at the Institute of Informatics & Telecommunications of NCSR ""Demokritos"", ATC and IRML, 2014 International Research-Centered Summer School in “Cognitive Systems and Interactive Robotics, Data and Content Analysis”, http://irss.iit.demokritos.gr/2014/hackathon/introductory_course#
Professional training program, Athens University of Economics and Business, 2014, Data science, http://analytics.dmst.aueb.gr/?q=node/4
Course, Athens University of Economics and Business, 2014, Information Law by Professor L. Mitrou, http://www.cis.aueb.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73&Itemid=60"
"Greece","ODB.2013.C.CITY",4,"For the first time, the Greek government supports a culture of innovation with regards to Open Data. First, is directly funding (with almost 800K) the project «Development of framework for the documentation, collection and the distribution of scientific research and the official public data of economic activity as Linked Open Data” which aims to build an important part of the national open data infrastructure. Second, two different Ministries and various stakeholders from the academic community organized two important events, (1) dialogue with students under the title “for an open generation in the open government era” and (2) Open Public Data Hackathon.
National research project, Ministry of Education & University of Piraeus, 2014, Development of framework for the documentation, collection and the distribution of scientific research and the official public data of economic activity as Linked Open Data, http://www.edulll.gr/?p=23905
Forum, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Administrative Reform and e-Governance, 2014, For an open generation in the open government era, http://www.ydmed.gov.gr/?p=8016
Hackathon, Ministry of Administrative Reform and e-Governance & GFOSS, 2014, Open Public Data Hackathon, http://www.ydmed.gov.gr/?p=8291"
"Greece","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"The OGD initiative in Greece is still too young and too limited to quantify an increase in government efficiency and effectiveness. There are not yet real case studies or any other source to establish the connection of OGD to this sort of impact."
"Greece","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",5,"There is growing number of new stories and blog entries that are based on evidence from the data uploaded at Transparency Portal (https://diavgeia.gov.gr/en) with a noticeable impact on increasing transparency and accountability since in many have been revealed and reversed suspicious and erroneous decisions of the public administration.
Blog entry, http://envthink.blogspot.gr/, 2014, Eventually, our disclosures are useful!!
http://envthink.blogspot.gr/2014/02/blog-post_28.html
News story, On Alert, 2014, Investigation ordered by the Army General Staff to unwrap the Onalert disclosures, http://www.onalert.gr/stories/ereyna-dietaxe-to-ges-gia-tin-apokalypsi-tou-onalert-gia-ta-klimatistika
Blog entry, http://taxalia.blogspot.gr, 2014, DISCLOSURE: Forget the social dividend; The National Railway is giving away 2000 euros!!!, http://taxalia.blogspot.gr/2014/04/blog-post_9067.html"
"Greece","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"In Greece it is reported that there is not any kind of noticeable impact on environmental sustainability of open data regarding the environment.
Ioannis N. Athanasiadis, Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. of Democritus University of Thrace in Xanthi Greece, Assistant Professor, June, 2014, Thessaloniki, Greece."
"Greece","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"The OGD initiative in Greece is still too young and too limited to quantify an impact on increasing the inclusion of marginalised groups in policy making and accessing government services. There are not yet real case studies or any other source to establish the connection of OGD to this sort of impact."
"Greece","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"The OGD initiative in Greece is too young and too limited to quantify a noticeable positive impact on the economy. There are not yet real case studies or any other source to establish the connection of OGD to this sort of impact."
"Greece","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",1,"There is still very little evidence of commercial apps, websites or other businesses built with open data. Most of initiatives are in the preliminary exploratory phase of providing a free service or open source projects without an underlying business model.
Startup, Easybike, 2014, modern bicycle rental system, http://www.easybike.gr/
Startup, Niovity, 2014, open data platform, http://www.niovity.com/index.html
Github project, Michalis Mountantonakis and Pavlos Fafalios, the Ithaca project, https://github.com/mountanton/Ithaca"
"Greece","ODB.2013.C.DPL",8,"Authority and it was established with Law 2472/97, which incorporates into the Greek law European Directive 95/46/EC. Its mission is the protection of the personal data and the privacy of individuals in Greece in accordance with the provisions of Law 2472/97 and 3471/2006.
This legal framework is broadly applicable, provides the right of choice and access in order to correct one's personal data to individuals, and the right to imposes clear responsibilities on information holders. It also provides a right of redress against both private and public bodies that violate data privacy.
Greece is also listed in the report of “Global Data Privacy Laws: 89 Countries, and Accelerating”.
Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data, articles 1- 26, 2472, 1997, http://goo.gl/VEbKrY
Protection of personal data and privacy in the electronic telecommunications sector and amendment of law 2472/1997, articles 1- 31, 113, 3471, 2006, http://goo.gl/LlCLt9
Website, The Hellenic Data Protection Authority (HDPA), 2013, The mission of the HDPA, http://goo.gl/oI6Evi
Greenleaf, Graham, Global Data Privacy Laws: 89 Countries, and Accelerating (February 6, 2012). Privacy Laws & Business International Report, Issue 115, Special Supplement, February 2012; Queen Mary School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 98/2012. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2000034"
"Greece","ODB.2013.C.RTI",5,"As Dr. Tsiavos mentioned, the corresponding law to the right-to-information in Greece is the 3979/2011 law for e-government as it is applied by the Ministerial decision 1317/2012. According to the law, public servants should provide an answer to citizens’ request as fast as possible at a reasonable cost. The responses are typically of acceptable quality.
Prodromos Tsiavos, Avgerinos and Partners Law Firm, Associate, July, 2014, Thessaloniki, Greece, http://goo.gl/XegWvP
E-government, 10, 138, 3979, 2011. http://goo.gl/ZrABGc
Regulations for the electronic public document, 7, 1317, 1031, 2012. http://goo.gl/bw8kuO"
"Haiti","ODB.2013.C.INIT",0,"There is not enough evidence that supports any support of open government data. However, (1) after the 2010 earthquake, an attempt was made towards facilitating an open access to Haiti-related geo-spatial information, data and knowledge sources.
Resources
1. Haiti Data: ""http://haitidata.org/"""
"Haiti","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",0,"There is not enough information available. However, initiatives like (1) Haiti Connect Cities and(2) Haiti Connected Schools are at best creating an environment which might emulate and foster the importance and implementation of open data for the country.
Resources:
1. Inveneo: ""http://www.inveneo.org/projects/haiti-connected-cities/""
2. Inveneo: ""http://www.inveneo.org/projects/haiti-connected-schools/"""
"Haiti","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"CONATEL (Conseil National des Telecomunications) took the initial step of increasing computer access to students by opening up computer labs (1) around the country. This has been the initial support from the government and a promising one.
Resource:
1. CONATEL: http://conatel.gouv.ht/pages/57-les-lycees-des-gonaives-et-de-saint-marc-recoivent-du-conatel-un-laboratoire-informatique.php"
"Haiti","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"There is not any information available to assess it."
"Haiti","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",0,"On the government level, there is no training available."
"Haiti","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"There is no clear sign that would suggest that any efficiency and effectiveness can be attributed to open data. It is quiet early for Haiti as they have just started embracing technology."
"Haiti","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"It is too early to notice any impact on transparency and/or accountability. This may be the reason why Haiti is (1) ranked 12th (with a score of 19) by Transparency International.
Resource:
1. Transparency International: ""http://www.transparency.org/cpi2013/results"""
"Haiti","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"There is no information (official and un-official) available that would suggest that data is shared or gathered."
"Haiti","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no information (official and un-official) available that would suggest that data is shared or gathered."
"Haiti","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"It is too early to notice any positive impact on the economy."
"Haiti","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"Although, there has not been an effort made by the government, there has been entrepreneurs which have (1)introduced technology to create economic activity among other things
Resources:
1. Surtab: ""http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/04/15/302983746/a-small-tablet-company-brings-high-tech-hopes-to-haiti"""
"Haiti","ODB.2013.C.DPL",0,"According to 2011 research (1). No more recent mentions of policy formation were located in web searches.
(1): A Review of Freedom of Information, Data Protection and Open Data in the Caribbean (Keisha Taylor, 2011) - Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/66799430/OpenDataCaribbean220911-V1"
"Haiti","ODB.2013.C.RTI",1,"Haiti does not have a formal Right to Information Law. A short statement in Section I, Article 40 of the Constitution sets out a Right to Information in the following terms:
""""The State has the obligation to publicize in the oral, written and televised press in the Creole and French languages all laws, orders, decrees, international agreements, treaties, and conventions on everything affecting the national life, except for information concerning national security""""(1)
(1): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Haiti_2012.pdf, Haiti's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments through 2012. English Translation by William S. Hein & Co., Inc. - Accessed 9th September 2014"
"Hungary","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",3,"There is no strong organization campaigning for open data – there is only a small circle of techies invested in the issue. There is a plan to create a local chapter for Open Knowledge Foundation, but it has not been set up yet. (1)
In Oct 2013, the ePSI platform organized a workshop in Budapest to engage civil society members and government representatives on the issue of open data, but the ministries only sent interns. (1)(2)
Sources:
(1)Interview with Zoltán Varjú, Ambassador at Open Knowledge Hungary, 18 June 2014.
(2) http://www.epsiplatform.eu/content/register-now-epsi-platform-workshop-budapest Accessed on 19 June 2014."
"Hungary","ODB.2013.C.INIT",3,"Hungary does not have a national open data initiative.(4)
As a private initiative “opendata.hu” was launched by Precognox, a private company, and K-Monitor, a civil society organization in November 2013.(1)
There is also “kozadat.hu”(3) and the ministries have to share data under the ""Glass Pocket"" Act which prescribes their legal obligations.(4)These are steps to the right direction, but not a centralized initiative.
Sources:
(1)http://opendata.hu/about Accessed on 15 June 2014.
(2)http://opendata.blog.hu/ Accessed on 15 June 2014.
(3)http://kozadat.hu/kereso/ Accessed on 18 June 2014.
(4)Interview with Zoltán Varjú, Ambassador at Open Knowledge Hungary, 18 June 2014. Accessed on 18 June 2014."
"Hungary","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"There are no competitions or grants which are data-related. Competitions for developers are usually organized by companies like Microsoft to promote their own platform. (1)
Hackathon-in-a-Box is a Hungarian organization, which has been organizing hackathons for students and professionals interested in developing ideas and launching startups – their competitions were focused on this theme in the past and not on open data. (2)
K-monitor, an anti-corruption civil society organization, leads the project “Adatozz okosan! (‘Use data smartly!’) funded by the Norwegian NGO Fund. The two-year project’s aim is to raise awareness on open data, and as part of this effort to organize hackathons in the future. (3)
Sources:
(1)Interview with Zoltán Varjú, Ambassador at Open Knowledge Hungary, 18 June 2014.
(2)http://hackathon.hu/ Accessed on 3 July 2014.
(3)http://k-monitor.hu/hirek/magyar-hirek/adatozz-okosan-a-k-monitor-egyesulet-nyilt-adathasznalattal-foglalkozo-projektje-a-norveg-civilalap-tamogatasaval Accessed on 3 July 2014."
"Hungary","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",1,"There is no open data initiative in the countryside.(1)
In Budapest, the 11th district has a small-scale initiative - the local government relies on Google Maps to share news and information.(2)(3)
Sources:
(1) Interview with Zoltán Varjú, Ambassador at Open Knowledge Hungary, 18 June 2014.
(2) http://hirlevel.egov.hu/2013/08/05/google-terkepre-koltoznek-a-kulturalis-esemenyek-es-kozintezmenyek-a-xi-keruletben/ Accessed on 19 June 2014.
(3) http://terinfo.ujbuda.hu/ Accessed on 19 June 2014."
"Hungary","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",4,"There are available training options that are related to open data.
BI Consulting, a private company operates BI Academy and offers various courses in data science. (1)(2)
Dmlab is an organization linking the Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics at Budapest University of Technology and Economics with the private sector. It offers several data-related courses to the students of the university, which is considered to be the best in Hungary for engineers.(1)(2)
Obuda University offers a Bsc in Informatics and several data-related courses are part of the curriculum. (4) The University of West Hungary has a Faculty of Geoinformatics. (5)
Sources:
(1) Interview with Zoltán Varjú, Ambassador at Open Knowledge Hungary, 18 June 2014.
(2) http://www.biakademia.hu/ Accessed on 19 June 2014.
(3) http://dmlab.hu/egyetem/ Accessed on 19 June 2014.
(4) http://uni-obuda.hu/files/attachments/4507/curricula-for-informatics.pdf Accessed on 19 June 2014.
(5) http://www.geo.info.hu/portal2007/ Accessed on 19 June 2014."
"Hungary","ODB.2013.I.GOV",2,"There is no noticeable impact. (1)
My research strategy to answer this question was twofold.
First, working on the project I examined the central government website (2) and what it offers – overall I can say that only the news section is fully updated, and the site is not easy to navigate. It seems that in order to have a centralized website, the government sacrificed the ministry’s independent websites, which are still up online “archived” – this just adds to the confusion. Material shared on the central government website is mainly on legal-regulatory issues, administration, and there is no focus on data or a more accessible way of presenting government activities.
Second, I also read online articles and statements by civil society organizations - in these criticism of the government for being non-transparent is quite common, but all that has a political and not so much an open data angle.
Data collected through the Central Statistics Office must provide information for evidence-based policy making, but I could not establish a connection between open datasets shared by the government and how efficiently it operates.
“Opendata.hu” is too small scale and scarce in data to have any real impact.
Sources:
(1)Interview with Zoltán Varjú, Ambassador at Open Knowledge Hungary, 18 June 2014.
(2) www.kormany.hu Accessed on 4 July 2014."
"Hungary","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",4,"There are a few examples for open data having an impact – mainly through civil society organizations or academia, which use data to reveal cases of corruption, lack of transparency in public procurement and alike. It’s hard to say whether these movements have any impact on the actual behavior of politicians and public servants, but they definitely have called attention to the issues of transparency and accountability in the online media.
In March 2014, Central European University’s Microdata Research Group started a website “http://kozbeszerzes.ceu.hu/ “ which makes it easy to search and analyze the data of public procurement tenders. This project created a stir in online discussion forums.(1)(2)
Atlatszo (‘transparent’), a Hungarian NGO has an initiative called “Ki mit tud” (‘Who knows what’), which wants to help citizens to practice their right to obtain information about the operations and budget of public organizations. They share the obtained data publicly on their website.(3)
K-monitor, another civil society organization, leads the project “Adatozz okosan! (‘Use data smartly!’) funded by the Norwegian NGO Fund. The two-year project’s aim is to make open data popular among media and civil society members, create a community around open data and increase awareness of its uses via trainings, workshops, hackathons and campaigns.(4)
Transparency International Hungary also has initiatives which make use of the concept of open data – in fighting corruption in public procurement, state-owned enterprises and public agencies. (5)
Sources:
(1)Interview with Zoltán Varjú, Ambassador at Open Knowledge Hungary, 18 June 2014.
(2)http://hirlevel.egov.hu/2014/03/30/elindult-a-kozbeszerzes-ceu-hu-oldal/ Accessed on 19 June 2014.
(3)http://kimittud.atlatszo.hu/help/about#whybother_them Accessed on 19 June 2014.
(4)http://k-monitor.hu/hirek/magyar-hirek/adatozz-okosan-a-k-monitor-egyesulet-nyilt-adathasznalattal-foglalkozo-projektje-a-norveg-civilalap-tamogatasaval Accessed on 19 June 2014.
(5)http://www.transparency.hu/ Accessed on 19 June 2014."
"Hungary","ODB.2013.I.ENV",1,"There is no noticeable impact.
In the Hungarian context, open data pops up as a technology or political tool and I have not seen any project related to sustainability.
As Zoltan Varju has noted, at the University of West Hungary in Gyor, Buruzs Adrienn uses open data (weather and other environmental factors) to propose policy recommendations on environmental regulation. (1)
Sources:
(1)Interview with Zoltán Varjú, Ambassador at Open Knowledge Hungary, 18 June 2014."
"Hungary","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no noticeable impact.(1)
I have not found any open data initiatives online which would have fostered social/political inclusion.
Sources:
(1)Interview with Zoltán Varjú, Ambassador at Open Knowledge Hungary, 18 June 2014."
"Hungary","ODB.2013.I.ECON",2,"Open data definitely has a positive impact on the economy as it has brought a lot of new opportunities, however, this the data refered to here is not the Hungarian but other countries' data. For example, There are 25-30 companies mainly working for the US and UK markets with those countries' open data. These companies are very actively involved with using open data and make a living out of it.
There are also some financial microfirms which create economic forecasts or trade using American, British or German open data.(1)
Sources:
(1)Interview with Zoltán Varjú, Ambassador at Open Knowledge Hungary, 18 June 2014."
"Hungary","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",2,"There are 25-30 companies mainly working for the US and UK markets with those countries' open data. These companies are very actively involved with using open data and make a living out of it.
There are some financial microfirms which create economic forecasts or trade using American, British or German open data. (1)
Sources:
(1)Interview with Zoltán Varjú, Ambassador at Open Knowledge Hungary, 18 June 2014."
"Hungary","ODB.2013.C.DPL",6,"Personal data in Hungary is protected by 2011 Law CXII. on the Right to Information Autonomy and the Freedom of Information. (1)
In terms of the law living up to the set criteria.
1.Broad applicability (Section 2)
The law applies both for private and public organizations handling personal data – for the latter special modifications of the law may apply.
2.The right of choice (Section 5, Paragraph 5-1b; Section 14)
The individual must be notified whether the data collection is consent-based or compulsory.
3.The right to access and correct (Section 13)
The individual have to right to access, correct and get his data deleted. The data holder must reply within 30 days to such requests.
4.Data holders’ responsibility (Section 5-12)
The law gives detailed guidelines of how personal data must be protected by data holders.
5.The right of redress (Section 15-17)
Individuals have the right of redress and can sue in court.
The Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság (NAIH) - Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (NADPFOI)is an independent body with the power of investigation and conducting official procedures in relation to personal data.(2)
However, concerns remain about the independent of the Hungarian Data Protection Commission, and there have been gaps in enforcement due to legal action by the European Commission against Hungary(3).
Sources:
(1)2011 Law CXII. On the Right to Information Autonomy and the Freedom of Information http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=139257.262814 Accessed on 20 June 2014.
(2)naih.hu Accessed on 20 June 2014.
(3): http://www.taylorwessing.com/ipindex/data_protection_map.html"
"Hungary","ODB.2013.C.RTI",6,"Freedom of Information in Hungary is protected by 2011 Law CXII. on the Right to Information Autonomy and the Freedom of Information. (1)
The Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság (NAIH) (National Data Protection and Freedom of Information Agency) is an independent body with the power of investigation and conducting official procedures in relation to the freedom of information.(2)
The basic requirements for the law to be considered “effective” are whether information is:
a)available to the public for free or at reasonable/minimal costs in a variety of venues (e.g., online, government agency offices)
Section 21, Paragraph 29 (3-5) – public agency can recover costs but must inform in advance
b)can be accessed by citizens within a time frame as defined by the law
Section 21, Paragraph 29 – agency must provide information within 15 days
c)answers the specific request, with explanations for refusal to release information.
Section 22 – it is compulsory for the public agency to inform the public.
Section 21, Paragraph 30(5) – refusal must be narrowly defined and can only happen to protect the greater public interest.
Section 21, Paragraph 30(2) – information must be given in an easy to understand format
In June 2013, the FOI law was amended amid protests from CSOs. According to the amendment, citizens are forbidden to come up with requests that demand “overarching, invoice-based”, or “itemized” audit of the “management of a public authority”. The problem is only that it is left to the data holder authorities’ discretion to decide what qualifies as overarching, invoice-based or itemized audit. (3)
Sources:
(1)2011 Law CXII. On the Right to Information Autonomy and the Freedom of Information http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=139257.262814 Accessed on 20 June 2014.
(2)naih.hu Accessed on 20 June 2014.
(3) http://www.transparency.hu/Transparency_International_turns_to_higher_authorities?bind_info=page&bind_id=167
Accessed on 20 June 2014."
"Iceland","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"Central government and municipalities coordinated a policy on the Information Society 2013-2016, including an action plan with funding for open and transparent governance through 2016 (very low funding). This is what the policy says about openness and transparency:
""The general public, businesses and stakeholders shall have easy access to non-personal information and files kept by the State or municipalities. The basis for State and municipal policies shall be openly accessible data, providing a single portal for accessing such data or databases."" (1)
This policy resulted in a very small scale open data initiative at government level (Ministry of Finance), which concluded with a new open data license (a translation and adaption of the UK open data license) and a creation of a CKAN based portal with new (aggregated) data on government spending from the Icelandic Financial Management Authorities (FMA) (2). A new version of his portal will be opened shortly; the previous version did not work for continuous updates of data (3). The license used is not yet a government license but has been termed the FMA license. While the portal and the license were implemented by a group appointed by the Ministry of Finance, this is still not a cross-governmental initiative and individual institutions are working in silos. Many of them “depend on” income from selling data, and they also sell data to other public organizations (3). However, some PSBs had already opened their data through their own websites, like geographic data (http://www.lmi.is) and transportation data (http://www.straeto.is). While both of those parties have started using the FMA license but they have their own “version” of it so it is still not a universal license.
(1) http://www.ut.is/media/utvefur-skjol/e-power-enska-okt2013.pdf
http://www.innanrikisraduneyti.is/media/frettir-2013/Voxtur-i-krefti-netsins---framkvaemdaaaetlun.pdf
(2) http://opingogn.is/
http://opingogn.wordpress.com/
(3) Skype meeting With Tryggvi Björgvinsson, OKF"
"Iceland","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",4,"The largest data-entrepreneur in Iceland, Datamarket.com, helped with the initiative in question C1 and have had some degree of cooperation regarding open data. Open Knowledge Foundation has an office in Iceland and Tryggvi Björgvinsson (1) has been working with the group responsible for the opingogn.is initiative discussed in C1. Tryggvi has been holding talks and gave a one day course on the topic of open data. There are some limited signs of data journalism, Páll Hilmarsson runs a website (2) where he discusses various topic based on data analysis. The discussion is very limited so far but seems to be slowly increasing.
(1) Skype meeting With Tryggvi Björgvinsson, OKF, June20 2014
(2) http://gogn.in/ accessed 15 August 2014."
"Iceland","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",4,"City of Reykjavik recently appointed a working group which made a review of what kind of open data the city would like to publish. Basically, the choice was between publishing raw data on opingogn.is or extending the current ""Árbók"" which has more aggregated or ""cooked"" data. The group weighed in pros and cons of both - publishing raw data was considered cheaper and giving more detailed info, while the other option was better suited to inform people who might not have the required technical knowledge (1) Option 2 was chosen and they are currently extending the arbok (they use the same table interface as Statistics Iceland) (2).
Some think that the decision to publish more aggregated data instead of raw data might represent a distrust of openness, as those behind Arbokin have said that third parties that could take the raw data and use it might incorrectly interpret the data and draw the wrong conclusions (3)
I found one mention in Kópavogur town council meeting minutes where one attendant made a proposal for open data - there seems to have been no-follow up though.
The pirate party had Open government (collaboration and transparency) in their agenda in the recent local elections but they did not win big (4).
In Hafnarfjörður, a new local government has stated that they will open their books, however this is not specifically connected to open data (5).
(1) http://sky.is/images/stories/2014_Skjol/07-BigData/RVK.pdf
(2) http://arbok.reykjavik.is/index.php/is/
(3) Skype meeting With Tryggvi Björgvinsson, OKF, June20 2014
(4) http://www.piratar.is/stefnumal/
(5) http://www.hafnarfjordur.is/thjonusta/frettir/nr/3670"
"Iceland","ODB.2013.C.CITY",1,"Very limited, there are hackathons supported by CSOs rather than government (1) (2) and innovation support and funding but not specially for open data.
(1) http://is.okfn.org/ accessed 15 August 2014.
(2) http://www.epsiplatform.eu/content/iceland%E2%80%99s-top-farms-brought-life-through-open-data accessed 15 August 2014."
"Iceland","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",4,"University of Reykjavik offers an open course on statistics (1). They also offer a short (12 hour) course on how to do analysis like forecasting, affinity analysis and social network analysis (2).
It is relatively easy to find courses on Excel, web-design, SQL and databases but there is nothing I could find that is targeted towards organizations that would like to work with open data.
Within government, Tryggvi Björnsson (OKF) has given one day courses for certain groups on Open Data but not technically oriented, more about the ideology (and a bit about CKAN) (3)
(1) http://www.ru.is/opnihaskolinn/r---tolfraediurvinnsla
(2) http://www.ru.is/opnihaskolinn/ad-breyta-gognum-i-verdmaetar-upplysingar"
"Iceland","ODB.2013.I.GOV",1,"There is no evidence that government is systematically using open data to increase efficiency. Access to new open data sources, like public spending might increase effectiveness of government and awareness is growing but so far, open data initiatives are are mostly driven by the fact the EU is promoting open data and that this is a worldwide trend (1)
(1) Skype meeting, Páll Björgvinsson"
"Iceland","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",4,"There are certain websites available (1), usually driven by individuals that are interested in open data and democracy, that offer analysis of publicly available data and are sometimes cited by the general press. These individuals (one a former journalist) have also criticized other journalists’ reporting when not based on publicly available data (2), (3).
Here is an example where young environmentalist cite the website hvertferskatturinn.is (where does my tax money go?) pointing out the small share of the environment (4). There are no peer-reviewed studies or cases and I do not think any court action or conviction that has resulted from open data.
(1) http://hvertferskatturinn.is/
http://gogn.in/
http://hjalli.com/
(2) Skype meeting, Páll Björgvinsson
(3) http://gogn.in/?p=381
(4) https://www.facebook.com/umhverfissinnar/posts/651176971588495"
"Iceland","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"I cannot see any documented relationship between openness of environment data and increased sustainability."
"Iceland","ODB.2013.I.INC",1,"n general, the web and open discussion there (for instance in social media and in relation to the constitutions, protests etc) has made it easier for some marginalized groups to participate. However, it does not relate directly to use of open data as data journalism is almost unheard of in Iceland. I can find no evidence of the use of open data to increase inclusion of marginalized groups."
"Iceland","ODB.2013.I.ECON",5,"The most notable entrepreneur is Datamarket.com which has based a business in the US as well as Iceland on their knowledge on data provision, manipulation and analysis (1). Belgingur use data from the Icelandic meteorological office (2). Use of the free geodata from landmælingar Íslands has also increased drastically after they stopped charging for the data, from 100 to 3000 users. The increase was mostly small companies and individuals, those that did not have the means to buy the data (3).
Sources:
(1) http://Datamarket.com
(2) http://www.belgingur.is/locales/en
(3) Personal communication from Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Open Knowledge Foundation."
"Iceland","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",5,"Datamarket uses open data and has been quite successful - however, the market in Iceland is quite small and so far they seem to satisfy the needs of the market, i.e. for companies that are interested in manipulating or publishing data. Belgingur.is are using weather data.It is likely that some small companies have started to use geographic data in their business, but it is unclear whether for own use or for creating new products and services.
Sources:
(1) http://Datamarket.com
(2) http://www.belgingur.is/locales/en"
"Iceland","ODB.2013.C.DPL",9,"Personal privacy is protected by the constitution (1).
Iceland is a member of the European Economic Area (EEA) and therefore has adopted Directive 95/46/EC on privacy and protection of personal data and on public communication networks, and the Data Retention Directive (2006/24/EC) (2)
On 1 January 2001 a new Act on the Protection and Processing of Personal Data, No. 77/2000, entered into force. The act substitutes an Act Respecting Systematic Recording of Personal Data, passed in 1989. The act implements Directive 95/46/EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. The purpose of the Act, is to promote the practice of personal data being processed in conformity with the fundamental principles of data protection and the right to privacy. The Act applies to any automated processing of personal data and to manual processing of such data if it is, or is intended to become, a part of a file. (3)
Monitoring data controllers and ensuring that they take appropriate security measures, in accordance with law, is an important part of the DPA´s work on law-enforcement. Further information on the subject can be found here (4)
The audits are conducted within the framework of rules no. 299/2001, on security of personal data, which incorporate, in a very simplified form, the methodology of the International Standard ISO/IEC 17799 ""Information Technology - Code of Practice for information security management"". (5)
However, Iceland has also implemented the data retention directive (6)
According to the data retention directive, member states will have to store citizens' telecommunications data for a minimum of 6 months and at most 24 months. In Iceland, obligatory data storage is according to the EU lower limit, i.e. 6 months, versus 24 months in some EU states (the directive says 6-24 months). It seems the data retention directive has problems regarding personal privacy and according to this Wikipedia article, in 2013 the Advocate General of the European Court of Justice opined that the Data Retention Directive is incompatible with Article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights (7) and On 8 April 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union declared the Data Retention Directive invalid (joined Cases C-293/12 and C-594/12). The Court took the view that the Directive does not meet the principle of proportionality and should have provided more safeguards to protect the fundamental rights to respect for private life and to the protection of personal data. The Court also considered that data retention serves, under clear and precise conditions, a legitimate and general interest, namely the fight against serious crime and the protection of public security. (8)
(1) http://www.government.is/constitution/
(2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive
http://www.eftasurv.int/internal-market-affairs/areas-of-competence/services/data-protection/
(3) http://www.personuvernd.is/information-in-english/
(4) http://www.personuvernd.is/information-in-english/greinar/nr/443
(5) http://www.personuvernd.is/information-in-english/greinar/nr/442
(6) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:105:0054:0063:EN:PDF
(7) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Retention_Directive
(8) http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/police-cooperation/data-retention/index_en.htm
Additional information about Iceland´s rating: http://www.freedominfo.org/regions/europe/iceland/"
"Iceland","ODB.2013.C.RTI",9,"An overview over different FOI related global indicators can be found here. In general Iceland scores very high in freedom and rights (1)
Iceland has adopted a FOI law called the Information Act (2), (3). The general rule is that the public authorities are required to give information upon request, unless there are good reasons (security, privacy or sensitive working documents) to withhold the requested information. The law does not apply to the parliament, judicial system, Althingi's independent monitoring body (Ríkisendurskoðun) and private parties.
Under Right to information clause, article 3 says: “Upon request, governmental authorities are required to grant the public access to available material on specific matters, subject to the restrictions stated in Art. 4-6. Nonetheless, governmental authorities are not required to prepare new documents or other material, exceeding what can be inferred from Art. 7.”
The right of access to material shall apply to:
1. Any documents concerning the matter, including any copies of letters sent by a government authority, providing it may be assumed that they have been delivered to the recipient
2. Any other material concerning the matter, such as drawings, plans, maps, pictures, microfilms and material saved on computers
3. Diary entries concerning material relating to the matter, and lists of material on the matter
Governmental authorities shall be permitted to grant more extensive access to material than is prescribed in this Chapter, unless this is precluded by statutory provisions on secrecy obligations.
However there is some material exempted from this right as discussed in subsequent clauses.
(1) http://www.freedominfo.org/regions/europe/iceland/
(2) http://eng.forsaetisraduneyti.is/acts-of-law/nr/15
(3) http://www.forsaetisraduneyti.is/media/frettir/Uppl_alm.pdf"
"India","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"After the Government of India announced its National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP) through a Gazette notification in March 2012, it launched data.gov.in, a web-portal for supporting its Open Data initiative in 2013. The portal is intended to be used by Government of India Ministries/ Departments their organizations to publish datasets, documents, services, tools and applications collected by them for public use. Its stated intent is to increase transparency in the functioning of Government and also open avenues for many more innovative uses of Government Data to give different perspective (http://data.gov.in/about-us).
http://ogpl.gov.in/
However, there is no corresponding effort from most of the state governments or local civic bodies for similar initiatives. They do publish some data on web-based platforms, as parts of annual budget, or as annual reports of different departments to be tabled in respective legislatures as required under the statute, but no policy framework as such for data collected or collated at the state level."
"India","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",5,"While the planning commission of India, a statutory body that has a huge say in the design of Government of India's schemes and policies has taken a lead in involving citizens and professionals for brainstorming on open data (http://www.igovernment.in/igov/opinion/20131/beginnings-indias-movement), the idea has yet to be taken up through a concerted campaign either by a CSO or IT professionals."
"India","ODB.2013.C.CITY",2,"While there is little evidence of grants or other support mechanisms, the Government of India has launched an in-house competition Open Data Champion Award(http://survey.nic.in/894935)for its own departments and ministries. The Planning Commission has also held a single hackathon event (in 2012) to promote the idea (http://data.gov.in/hackathon)."
"India","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",3,"None that has been launched. The idea is still in its infancy in at the Government of India level. The State Governments prepare and publish a variety of data online, but it is either in electronic formats that are difficult to use, or the information itself is designed from a specific service delivery purpose, not as a dataset for access by anyone, not just the stakeholder. The data put up by land records commissioners in all the states is a case in point. Land records were the first comprehensive data that was digitized in India under a programme of the Government of India. The records are readily accessible through special kiosks or online by land owners themselves, or by others. But the data design doesn't have much value for those wishing to crunch it, or use it for innovative ideas. The following website of the office of commissioner, land records, Government of Madhya Pradesh, provides a glimpse into the problem:
http://landrecords.mp.gov.in/newweb/index.html"
"India","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",4,"The usual suspects; Indian cities that have emerged as Information Technology (IT) hubs like Bangalore, Chennai, Pune and Hyderabad have private sector initiatives like http://www.bigdatatraining.in/ which claim to provide training and skill development in the sector. But the idea has yet to capture public imagination."
"India","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"The idea is still in its infancy in India. While the Government data that used to be published in the public domain - for instance, the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India - has been long used by the media and the civil society, open data has yet to come into play."
"India","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"The idea is still in its infancy in India. While the Government data that used to be published in the public domain - for instance, the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India - has been long used by the media and the civil society, there is yet to be strong evidence of open data being used to hold government to account, although the increased availability of data does indicate movements towards transparency."
"India","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"The idea is still in its infancy in India. While the Government data that used to be published in the public domain - for instance, the reports of the Central or state pollution control boards or the forest departments - has been long used by the media and the civil society, open data has yet to come into play.
A study by The Energy and Resources Institute notes that environmental data availability in the coal and gas sector lags behind availability of other kinds of data (1).
(1): http://opendataresearch.org/content/2014/669/open-government-data-regulation-energy-resources-india"
"India","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"The idea is still in its infancy in India. While the Government data that used to be published in the public domain - for instance, the draft bills on key legislation on issues like environment and forests - has been long used by the media and the civil society, open data has yet to come into play.
Some efforts have been made around the 12th National Plan to engage University students in communicating the plan and its impacts for different groups (1) and in 2014 Data.gov.in supported a summit on Inclusive Web Programming (2) but there is no evaluation or evidence on the impact of these interventions on the engagement of marginalised groups in policy making, as opposed to receiving policy communication.
(1): http://data.gov.in/hackathon
(2): http://data.gov.in/event/inclusive-web-programming"
"India","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"The idea is still in its infancy in India. While the Government data that used to be published in the public domain has been long used by the media, the industry and the civil society, open data has yet to come into play. The commercial exploitation of data released through the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy is still under discussion by government (1).
(1): “Office Memorandum Forming Committee to Examine Commercial Use of Apps Developed with Using Open Data in India.” http://data.gov.in/sites/default/files/commercial_use_of_apps.pdf."
"India","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"Through Data.gov.in a series of app competitions and challenges have been organised resulting in a range of apps (1), and the Indian government has been exploring the re-use of data in commercial apps (2), although it is not clear that terms and conditions currently support the commercial exploitation of open data.
As a result, whilst applications are being built, the potential creation of new businesses is unclear.
##Sources
(1): http://data.gov.in/featured-community-apps
(2): “Office Memorandum Forming Committee to Examine Commercial Use of Apps Developed with Using Open Data in India.” http://data.gov.in/sites/default/files/commercial_use_of_apps.pdf."
"India","ODB.2013.C.DPL",5,"The Information Technology Act, 2000 was not data or privacy protection legislation per se. It does not lay down any specific data protection or privacy principles. It was amended in 2008 to introduce some forms of protection of personal data. However, these provisions too were found inadequate and subsequently, the Personal Data Protection Bill was introduced in 2013. It included provisions for the protection of such data as:
(i) Biometric data;
(ii) DNA data;
(iii) Sexual preferences and practices;
(iv) Medical history and health;
(v) Political affiliation;
(vi) Commission, or alleged commission, of any offence;
(vii) Ethnicity, religion, race or caste; and
(viii) Financial and credit information.
But it has yet to be passed by the Parliament (Draft bill can be accessed at: http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/the-personal-data-protection-bill-2013)."
"India","ODB.2013.C.RTI",8,"While the executive arm of the government, as well as the legislative bodies and the judiciary (http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/high-courts-violates-rti-act-by-making-contradictory-rules/article1-873558.aspx)have put into place dilatory mechanisms and barriers like high-cost to deny information, India has a very potent Right to Information (RTI) law that has generally worked well, leading to the exposure of a number of scams and irregularities.
Its use is also being deployed by the economically weaker and socially backward communities. A UNDP report on the effective use of RTI law by tribal communities: http://www.in.undp.org/content/india/en/home/ourwork/democraticgovernance/successstories/rays_of_hope_the_power_of_information/"
"Indonesia","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"Open Data actually has been started with the Legalization of Law No. 14 of 2008 on Public Information Openness (KIP) then the issuance of the Law no. 25 of 2009 on Public Service. On the other hand, the Open Government Indonesia (OGI) is encouraging the formation of Information and Documentation Management Officer (PPID) in 100 percent in Ministries / Agencies under the 2nd Indonesian United Indonesia Cabinet and approximately 30 percent of Local Government.
Source:
(1) http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Indonesia
(2) http://events.opengovindonesia.org/press-release/465
(3) http://pppl.depkes.go.id/asset/regulasi/UU14th2008ttgKIP.pdf"
"Indonesia","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",4,"Civil society and Information Technology practitioners have begun to be involved in the open data of the government but not intensely. One of them is the activity of Model Open Government Partnership (MOGP) in October 2013, which was organized by the Presidential Working Unit for Development Monitoring and Control (UKP4) cooperate with the Open Government Indonesia. Additionally collaboration between CSO, government and technology practitioners is demonstrated some event such as in Jakarta Hackathon.
Source:
(1) http://opengovindonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/NEWSLETTER-OGI-Agustus-2013.pdf
(2) http://www.unglobalpulse.org/hackjak-2014
(3) http://www.seatti.org/"
"Indonesia","ODB.2013.C.CITY",2,"Some of the government’s appreciation and support related to the implementation of open data among others are OGI Competition, Model Open Government Partnership (MOGP), e-Transparency Award, Innovation Solution Content 2014: ""Your Solution, Let's Innovate"" (1)
Source:
(1) http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Indonesia#"
"Indonesia","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",2,"Local government starts to run the initiative of open data and implement it in the web. Some of the examples are the Information Services Management Activation and Documentation of Ambon City which are successfully providing the ease of access and data services of Ambon society (1) and the utilization of mobile application related to the data monitoring of land public transportation and data of City Government budget in 2014 as the result of the event of #HACKJAK (2).
Sources:
(1): http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Indonesia Accessed June 30, 2014
(2): http://tekno.kompas.com/read/2014/04/27/0935462/ Accessed June 30, 2014"
"Indonesia","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",2,"Open data training is just started, but generally by IT practitioners or CSOs, not by the government.
Sources:
(1) http://en.openstreetmap.or.id/tag/training/page/3/"
"Indonesia","ODB.2013.I.GOV",1,"Open data helps the government to enhance the efficiency and effectivity of activity report such as the report of “Gerakan Nasional Bersih Negeriku” (Clean National Movement of My Country) (1). With the open data, government gets the report from the working unit under its administration and the society can see and provide the assessment towards the government performance.
Sources:
(1) http://www.ukp.go.id/informasi-publik/cat_view/24-capaian-pemerintah Accessed June 30, 2014
(2) http://acch.kpk.go.id/documents/10157/27925/Keberhasilan+Pelaksanaan+E-Proc+Kota+Surabaya.pdf"
"Indonesia","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"In line with the widespread of open data, government transparency slowly increases as well. For example is the Health Operational Assistance which has been opened since the budgeting process, receiver target, mechanism and procedure of services in the Health Centers (1).
Second example is the openness in the procedure level. It is such as in the sector of taxation, immigration and customs related to the mechanism of time and services cost and status of services and annual report (2).
Sources:
(1)http://www.depkes.go.id/downloads/juknis_bok_2011.pdf
(2)http://www.pajak.go.id/content/pendaftaran-npwp-online-eregistration
(3)http://www.koran-jakarta.com/?11770-teknologi%20mendorong%20transparansi
(4)http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/05/07/ri-shares-best-practices-open-govt.html
(5)https://stei.itb.ac.id/blog/2014/05/23/data4dev-pendeklarasian-pemerintahaan-yang-terbuka/"
"Indonesia","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Impact of Open Data related to the environmental preservation seems still up to the level of data provision and environment information which can be downloaded directly and which needs login by contacting Data Division of Ministry of Environment (1). However the evidence of open data impact is still very few.
Source:
(1) http://datin.menlh.go.id/data-lingkungan/(1)"
"Indonesia","ODB.2013.I.INC",2,"For the regional level, a small part of marginalized society successfully utilizes the open data to be involved in the process of the government’s decision-making and access the government’s services. For example is the society of Terong City (1).
When the data of open data in the village is different from the data in the District, with the strong argumentation based on the accurate data, open data apparently has the strength to make the district party uses the data version of Terong village for the planning of budget so that supporting the effective development (2).
Source
(1) http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terong,_Dlingo,_Bantul, http://terong-bantul.info/
(2)http://www.yappika.or.id/kabar-dari-pedati/Inovasi-Desa-Terong/
(3) http://tekno.liputan6.com/read/2041832/pantau-suku-pedalaman-peneliti-andalkan-google-earth"
"Indonesia","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"Open data enables the private innovator to increase the services, develop the new product. Open data will shift the certain decision-making from the country to the market, so that the decision-making can be more efficient (1).
Many companies in Indonesia have created the business innovation which is delivered from the government open data and transparency. Meanwhile, the rapid development of online media in Indonesia reportedly opens up many new economic opportunities.
Source:
(1)http://www.opendataresearch.org/ accessed June 30, 2014
(2) http://www.datainnovation.org/2014/04/the-economic-impact-of-open-data/
(3) http://www.beritasatu.com/makro/116919-laporan-keuangan-transparan-tingkatkan-pertumbuhan-ekonomi.html"
"Indonesia","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"The businessmen start to glance at the use of open data in building the new business, especially the development of the program. It is recorded at least 107 groups of application developers use the open data in the form of Application Programming Interface (API) special for Presidential General Election 2014 (1).
In the regional level, Local Government of DKI Jakarta has asked the developers to make the application presenting the usefull information for the Jakarta residents, such as about the transportation routes and congestion points in Jakarta (2). .
Source:
(1): http://tekno.kompas.com/read/2014/06/14/1400102/ accessed June 30, 2014
(2): http://tekno.kompas.com/read/2014/04/26/1654231/ accessed June 30, 2014"
"Indonesia","ODB.2013.C.DPL",4,"The Government has made regulations regarding the implementation, systems and electronic transactions . However, until now there have been no detailed regulations concerning the protection of personal data (2).
In Asia, there are four states that do not have the regulation, namely Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos and Indonesia.
Source:
(1) Indonesian Government of Regulation, Number 82, 2012. http://www.presidenri.go.id/DokumenUU.php/923.pdf
(2) ELSAM, Ensuring the right protection on the privacy of cyber defense, 2014
(3) http://m.bisnis.com/industri/ Accessed on June 30, 2014"
"Indonesia","ODB.2013.C.RTI",6,"Law of Freedom of Public Information (Law of KIP) has been implemented since 2008 in Indonesia
as a basis for the achievement of public involvement in decision-making, accountability of the State, and develops science and educating the nation. Many citizen groups has been utilize the Law of KIP by requesting the public information to public bodies. Many of the are successful. But, the efforts to provide the access of data and information still find obstacles in terms of adequate and accurate data availability. Various obstacles are found ranging from the data collection, documentation, until the availability of supporting infrastructure.
Source:
(1) INDONESIAN LAW NUMBER 14, 2008
(2) http://kebebasaninformasi.org/ Accessed on June 30, 2014
(3) http://blog.pattiro.org/?p=185 Accessed on June 30, 2014"
"Ireland","ODB.2013.C.INIT",4,"Mr. Brendan Howlin, TD and Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform on 8 May 2014 published Ireland’s first Open Government Partnership Draft OGP National Action Plan for public comment in advance of submission to Government for approval next month. The Minister said:- “I am delighted to be publishing the draft Action Plan on the first day of the OGP Europe Regional Conference which I am hosting in Dublin Castle attended by representatives of over thirty countries. The important actions included in the Plan are closely aligned with OGP objectives to increase the openness, transparency and accountability of public governance. Promoting Open data and Transparency is one of the 26 commitments in the Ireland's draft National Action Plan (1). The draft OGP National Action Pln is available on http://per.gov.ie/wp-content/uploads/Draft-OGP-National-Action-Plan-06-05-14.pdf . Ireland compares not so well to its European neighbours. Its overall score was 36 out of 100, with particularly low scores for the availability in open, machine readable and reusable formats of its legislative, health, budget, land, map and transport data (2).
##Sources
(1). Department of Public Expenditure and Reform website - http://www.per.gov.ie/open-government-partnership-minister-publishes-irelands-draft-national-action-plan/ accessed on 14th July 2014.
(2). Open Data Barometer 2013 Global Report http://www.opendataresearch.org/barometer)"
"Ireland","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",6,"There are coordinated campaigns and consultations for open data as well as working with the government to promote open data in Ireland. As it developed an Irish Action Plan (NAP) the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform (D/PER), with input from the Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, engaged in extensive consultations with external stakeholders from civil society. Players from civil society got involved in the OGP process between July and September 2013 when three consultation meetings took place. From this point on, active citizens and NGO actors got involved in the discussion on how to create an impressive OGP Action Plan, all the while aiming to incorporate OGP’s core ideas of transparency, accountability, citizen participation and technology and innovation. From February 06 to April 01, 2014, seven Civil Society Forum meetings took place to discuss issues surrounding the first NAP as well as documentation attached to it. Anyone could join the meetings and offer expertise on various action points within each of the four NAP drafts that were submitted to civil society by the D/PER. From February 02 to April 10, 2014, nine Joint Working Group Meetings took place to allow members of civil society and government representatives to work collaboratively on developing Ireland’s first OGP National Action Plan (1).
##Sources
(1): Open Governance Partnership Ireland website - http://www.ogpireland.ie/documents/ accessed on 14th July 2014"
"Ireland","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"There is limited government support for innovation using open data in Ireland as per now. However, there is evidence of non state actors promoting culture of innovation with open data through competitions. These include, The 'Northern Ireland Open Data Challenge'. The Northern Ireland Open Data Challenge is a new government scheme that encourages citizens to utilise data from the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA), NINIS, Spatial NI and/or data.gov.uk to build applications that improve the lives of local residents. It is about improving the life of people by proposing the design of an app that will find new and innovative ways to use NI open data. This will include data from the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA), NINIS, Spatial NI and/or data.gov.uk (1).
Furthermore, there was also Fingal County Council’s Apps4Fingal competition at a ceremony in Swords on 22nd March, 2012 hosted by Mayor of Fingal, Cllr. Gerry McGuire. It was also the winner in the Tourism Category of the competition scooping a combined total of €5,000 in prize money as well as the coveted Apps4Fingal Overall Winner trophy (2).
##Sources
(1): ignitn website - NI Open Data Challenge - http://ignitn.com/challenge/opendata14 accessed on 20th July 2014
(2): Fingal open data website - http://data.fingal.ie/Apps4Fingal/ accessed on 20th July 2014"
"Ireland","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",6,"There are courses that teach open data related courses in Ireland. For example, There is new MSc in Data Science & Analytics from University College Cork addresses a rapidly growing opportunity for large-scale data analysis with an innovative programme that combines statistical and computing methodologies. is a significant collaboration between the Departments of Computer Science and Statistics; designed to provide graduates with the skills and knowledge required to help companies and public bodies deal with ever increasing and complex data. The programme emphasizes the application of Computer Science and Statistics methodologies helping transform data into useful information that can support decision making(1). It is also reported that IBM is teaming with Dublin City University (DCU) to create a new Masters Degree program in Computer Science with Big Data, Business Analytics and Smarter Cities. The collaboration will help graduate students to develop critical IT skills for urban analysis, consumer behavior, social networks, sentiment analysis, healthcare, and cyber and network security (2).
##Sources
(1): University College Cork website - http://www.ucc.ie/en/ckr49/computer-science---data-science-analytics.html accessed on 14th July 2014.
(2): IBM website - https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/41549.wss accessed on 14th July 2014."
"Ireland","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",4,"There is only one country council in Ireland with an open data portal known as Fingal County Council. Fingal Open Data was launched in November 2010 and is the first Open Data website in Ireland. Fingal is located external link in north County Dublin, Ireland and is the third largest local authority area in the country by population. Fingal Open Data external link has been created by Fingal County Council external link to enable citizens to access data relating to Fingal. We will provide access to data from Fingal County Council and other public sector organisations that publish Fingal related data. Citizens are free to access and use this data as they wish, free of charge, in accordance with the PSI general licence. Use of any published data is subject to Data Protection external link legislation (1).
Dublin and its surrounding counties are providing more and more data as well, mostly via the dublinked.ie website (2), an initiative of a researcher at the National University of Ireland Maynooth (http://www.nuim.ie/, located in County Kildare), even though the Dublin City Council, the South Dublin City Council, the Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council and the Fingal City Council are supporting members as well.
##Sources
(1): Fingal Open data webiste - http://data.fingal.ie/ accessed on 14th July 2014
(2): http://www.dublinked.ie/datastore/datastore.php"
"Ireland","ODB.2013.I.GOV",1,"Given the fact that Ireland is in the process of putting up an open data portal to display public information and data, at the moment there is no evident impact at all. However, through the speech by The Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform, Mr Brendan Howlin TD, spoke at the conference From Open Data to Open Government hosted by the French Government in Paris, he said that The Government therefore, committed to putting in place an ambitious suite of reforms that would promote a transparent, efficient and effective public system and restore public trust and confidence”. In his address, the Minister highlighted the critical need to ensure that the development of Open Data – making official data much more accessible to both citizens and businesses – fully realises its potential in underpinning the achievement of Open Government objectives(1).
##Sources
(1): MerrionStreet website - Minister Howlin addresses Paris conference From Open Data to Open Government 24 April 2014. Available on http://www.merrionstreet.ie/index.php/2014/04/minister-howlin-addresses-paris-conference-from-open-data-to-open-government/?cat=75 accessed on 20th July 2014"
"Ireland","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no evident impact because Ireland is in the process of joining the Open Government Partnership. However, in the Open Governance Partnership draft National Action Plan it is indicated that one of the objectives is to Citizen Participation and rebuilding public trust in Government (1).
##Sources
(1): Open Government Partnership Draft National Action Plan Ireland 2014-2016 - http://www.ogpireland.ie/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Published-Draft-OGP-National-Action-Plan-08-05-20141.pdf accessed on 20th July 2014"
"Ireland","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"There is no evidence on the impact of open data increasing transparency and accountability in Ireland. However, it is reported that Ireland is committed to Open Government Partnership that aims at open data, transparency, accountability and citizen participation (1). Increasing transparency and accountability is indicated in the OGP National Action Plan Draft as one of the impacts that Open data will bring Ireland (2).
(1): Department of Public Expenditure and Reform website - http://www.per.gov.ie/open-government-partnership-ogp/ accessed on 20th July 2014
(2): Open Government Partnership Draft National Action Plan Ireland 2014-2016 - http://www.ogpireland.ie/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Published-Draft-OGP-National-Action-Plan-08-05-20141.pdf accessed on 20th July 2014"
"Ireland","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"No evident impact of open data on environmental sustainability in Ireland."
"Ireland","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"There is no evidence of businesses started citing open data as their primary input."
"Ireland","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",3,"There has been a few commercial applications developed with open data. these include ParkYa virtually signposts parking locations and allows you to pay for parking through the intuitive smartphone app (1). There is also KidsMaps application. Kids Maps iPhone App helps you find fun places to bring your kids to. Whether its your nearest playground or playcenter, Kids Maps will help to get you there using a simple GPS map (2). There is also Fingal Tourism is an Android App. The App holds a number of the datasets that would be of interest tp tourist. The user can select the category of information they are interested in and then either show these on a map (all or nearest) or view the locations in a list. A tap on an entry in the list brings the user to the map screen. A 'long press' on a item open a context menu, which allows the user to call the location (if a phone number was available in the data set), open the locations web site (if available) or open the map (3). There are a number of applications that have been developed using datasets on Fingal Open data website (4).
##Sources
(1): ParkYa website - http://parkya.com/about/ accessed on 20th July 2014
(2): Kids Maps website - http://www.kidsmaps.ie/ accessed on 20th July 2014
(3): Fingal Open data website - http://data.fingal.ie/Apps/AppsforFingal/Name-35195-en.aspx accessed on 20th July 2014
(4): Fingal Open data website - http://data.fingal.ie/Apps/2/ accessed on 20th July 2014"
"Ireland","ODB.2013.C.DPL",8,"Ireland has data protection acts 1988 and 2003 that provides the right of choice/consent to individuals, provides the right to access and/or correct one's personal data, imposes clear responsibilities on information holders and provides a right of redress against both private and public bodies that violate data privacy (1).
Furthermore, the Directive 95/46/EC is the reference text, at European level, on the protection of personal data. It sets up a regulatory framework which seeks to strike a balance between a high level of protection for the privacy of individuals and the free movement of personal data within the European Union (EU). To do so, the Directive sets strict limits on the collection and use of personal data and demands that each Member State set up an independent national body responsible for the protection of these data (2).
##Sources
(1): DATA PROTECTION (AMENDMENT) ACT 2003 - http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/pdf/2003/en.act.2003.0006.pdf accessed on 12th July 2014
(2): European Commission website- http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_society/data_protection/l14012_en.htm accessed on 14th July 2014"
"Ireland","ODB.2013.C.RTI",7,"Ireland has a functioning right to information that was enacted in 1997. It is known as Freedom of Information Act, 1997 (1). The FOI Act was introduced 1997, then partly restricted in 2003 (for example, on Government records and on a number of issues as security, defence, etc.) A bill introduced in 2013 (3) is aimed at reverting the restrictions of 2003 -- at the same time it introduces limitations on file types (Section 17 (4)). Requests involving electronic files are supposed to be treated equivalent to paper files, essentially blocking searches for data which a number of persons had requested in the past. From the viewpoint of open data activists this makes data and database requests impossible.
Furthermore, there is also Citizens Information website. This site provides information on public services and entitlements in Ireland. Citizensinformation.ie was developed, and is maintained by the Citizens Information Board (formerly Comhairle) to replace the Oasis website. Citizensinformation.ie website is an Irish eGovernment initiative, and was originally established under the Government's first action plan for the Information Society (2).
##Sources
(1): Freedom of Information Act, 1997 - http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/pdf/1997/en.act.1997.0013.pdf accessed on 12th July 2014.
(2): Citizen Information website - http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/ accessed on 12th July 2014
(3): http://per.gov.ie/wp-content/uploads/FOI-Bill-2013-expl-memo.pdf"
"Israel","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",4,"There are academic study options revolving around data (1)(2), but those are not focused on open data and it is at best causally referenced but is not focused upon. The Public Knowledge Workshop does introductory presentations but is not an educator / trainer (3).
In Israel, every academic institute, and many specializing colleges offer an extensive training for IT, WEB, computational data analysis, computer science and data technology training. Many Israeli start-up companies deal with data technology and data issues, especially with web technologies. The IDF (Israeli Defense Force) is also a major training facilitator. Examples: (4)(5)(6)].
##Sources
(1) http://www.is.biu.ac.il/ accessed June 3rd 2014
(2) http://in.bgu.ac.il/engn/ise/Pages/Master_Degree_DM_and_BI.aspx
accessed June 3rd 2014
(3) Phone interview with Noam Kastel, Community manager at the public knowledge workshop 19 of June 2014
(4): http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il/~dmweb082/
(5): http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/research_areas.htm
(6) http://science.huji.ac.il/cdshnaton/search.html"
"Israel","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"Israel is a member of the Open Government Partnership and published an Open Government action plan (7). There is a small-scale open data initiative that includes a main web site for open government data as well as joint projects with NGOs like the public knowledge workshop (2)(6). Senior leadership is making commitments to increased government transparency and some commitments to open data are being expressed but the sincerity and follow through is debated (3)(4)(8). A report by a IDI (Israeli Democratic Institute) points out protective stance, inadequate data management and the view of the public as a disturbance to the implementation of this agenda (5). However, most government initiatives are from 2012, when there was a dedicated minister on this matter. There is no working plan on Open Data for 2013-2014 in the ministry of Justice website.
##
(1) http://data.gov.il/ accessed june 3rd 2014
(2) http://budget.msh.gov.il/ accessed june 3rd 2014
(3)http://hamishmar.org.il/ksafim240214/ accessed june 3rd 2014
(4) http://www.busha.co.il/%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%AA-%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A7-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%A8-%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%AA-%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F.html accessed june 13 2014
(5)http://www.idi.org.il/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%94-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%94/%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99-%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%91%D7%94%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97 accessed June 3rd 2014
(6) http://index.justice.gov.il/Units/YechidatChofeshHameyda/YechidaShkufa/PeilotHayehida/Pages/porom-mimshal-.aspx accessed June 3rd 2014
(7)http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/israel accessed June 12 2014
(8)http://public-policy.huji.ac.il/.upload/Thesis_HE/TezaYuvalAdmon.pdf accessed June 12 2014"
"Israel","ODB.2013.C.CITY",2,"There are some examples that show support for innovation with open data mainly done by municipalities such as Tel-Aviv open data based app competition (1), Hertzelia sponsored hackathon (2) but there is no evidence of funding schemes or hackathon events run by government in the past year.
##
(1) http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Pages/Article.aspx?List=48221491-7974-46CB-8FA7-ACB804F1B8DC&ID=833 accessed june 14 2014
(2)http://www.herzliya.muni.il/?CategoryID=208&ArticleID=1130 accessed june 14 2014"
"Israel","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",5,"There are some coordinated efforts mainly made by the ""public knowledge workshop"" (1) with varying degrees of commitment from the government side (2). Commitment is usually personally based and is subject to political change - since the loss of the relevant minister in 2012, government is reported to be engaging with civil society much less.
There are several engaged groups using open government data, and outreach events and activities may be conducted to promote use of open data sometimes supported by government or parliament members (3)(4) .
##
(1) http://budget.msh.gov.il/#00,2012,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0 accessed June 3rd 2014
(2)Phone interview with Noam Kastel, Community manager at the public knowledge workshop 19 of June 2014
(3) http://www.mishmar.org.il/page.php?p=5801 accessed June 3rd 2014
(4) http://www.hasadna.org.il/%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99-%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9-%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1-%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A9-%D7%90%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9/ accessed June 14 2014
the ""public knowledge workshop"" has a open hub space promoting the issue (5).
(5) http://www.hasadna.org.il/openhub/ accessed June 14 2014"
"Israel","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",5,"Some of the big municipalities in Israel have started implementing open data initiatives. According to a report by transparency international-TI (1) out of 48 municipalities checked only 21 published an open budget and within that only 8 did it in a spreadsheet. 30 of those municipalities make data about land zones and regulations available through GIS. A couple of major cities have started working in the direction of creating their own open data initiative (3). A good example is Tel Aviv which also organized a competition for the public to create apps that use the data (2) or a CSO example can be the project by the Public Knowledge Workshop to make city-owned lots available online (4).
##
(1) TI Isarel - Municipality transparency_report_ http://www.ti-israel.org/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/transparency_report_2013(1).pdf accessed on 17 of june 2014
(2) Tel aviv open data page - http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/OnlineServices/DataTLV/Pages/Data%20Tel-Aviv.aspx accessed on 17 of june 2014
(3) Phone interview with Noam Kastel, Community manager at the public knowledge workshop 19 of June 2014
(4) The public knowledge workshop - open muni - http://www.hasadna.org.il/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%93%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA/ accessed on 17 of june 2014"
"Israel","ODB.2013.I.GOV",3,"Open data has had some impact on Israel, but little can be proved specifically in the area of government effectiveness. One MP Stav Shaffir battled for Open Data in the finance committee, resulting in the liberation of the data and use of it in order to stop changes in the budget, for the sake of efficiency (8).
Recently the workshop for public knowledge (NGO) announced a new service they are working on to provide information about land zoning (1). Such service makes public inquiry much more efficient but it is done with very little government support while activists must ""translate"" the data to an open format (2).
Another example: the opening of public transportation data to the public in an open format (3) that is now used by multiple vendors to provide up to date information about public transportation.
More example exist but the most ample one is an instance where the ministry of health paid a private company 120'000 nis to develop an app that lets women find maternal clinics close to them. Activists from the NGO mentioned above managed to build an alternative app for free and were cited commenting that if the data was open they could have done the work in an hour. (5)
A successful project of open data is helping people finding their electioneering station (6)(7) that is built upon open data.
Though people in administrative positions are aware of the benefits of providing open data to increase government effectiveness, little is done so far in regards to data that can be used to amplify government services (4).
Summery - There is impact on government services but it is mostly done with data that is not open.
##
(1)http://opentaba.info/ accessed june 7 2014
(2) http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART2/504/607.html accessed june 7 2014
(3) http://www.calcalist.co.il/internet/articles/0,7340,L-3570959,00.html accessed 11th of june 2014
(4)http://www.themarker.com/technation/1.2165035
(5) http://www.haaretz.co.il/captain/room404/1.2111744
(6)https://kalpi.elections.gov.il/
(7) http://www.kolzchut.org.il/he/%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA
(8) http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/ru/originals/2014/03/knesset-member-shaffir-interview-money-transfer-settlements.html"
"Israel","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",5,"There are multiple projects set in place to increase government transparency and accountability; these include:
* open parliament - website where one can fallow parliament members' and parties votes as well as laws being proposed and the way they were voted on (1). It is cited in various places as a civic engagement (2)(3) tool and serves other NGO as a tool to monitor policies and laws affecting issues they work on (4), (6).
* open budget - initially a shared project to the government and an NGO (hasadna) this site lets users view budget allocation and usage. According to people who work on the project while it started as a joint venture between government officials (the office for better public service)and NGO it is now maintained by them as the office for bettering the public service has been dismantled. The data is still provided by the government in an open format. (3)(7) (8)
* open budget in local authorities - Similar to the national level a couple of municipalities have joined the public knowledge workshop and now make their budget public and open. This has a very real impact on the level of public debate over various issues and allows other NGOs to hold municipalities accountable (9) (10) (11) (12)
##
(1) http://oknesset.org/ accessed on 3rd of june 2014
(2) http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART2/504/607.html accessed 3rd of june 2014
(3) http://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politi/.premium-1.2238793 accessed 3rd of june 2014
(4) Phone interview with Noam Kastel, Community manager at the public knowledge workshop 19 of June 2014
(5) http://budget.msh.gov.il/ accessed on 3rd of june 2014
(6)http://oknesset.org/agenda/ accessed 3rd of june 2014
(7) http://www.calcalist.co.il/local/articles/0,7340,L-3598779,00.html?AF=3598776 accessed on june 19 2014
(8) http://www.calcalist.co.il/local/articles/0,7340,L-3630362,00.html accessed on june 19 2014
(9) http://www.hasadna.org.il/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%93%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA/ accessed on june 19 2014
(10) http://www.ti-israel.org/?CategoryID=210&ArticleID=2106 accessed on june 19 2014
(11) http://www.calcalist.co.il/local/articles/1,7340,L-3607104,00.html accessed on june 19 2014
(12) http://www.calcalist.co.il/local/articles/0,7340,L-3614712,00.html accessed on June 14 2014"
"Israel","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"While data (publicly but not fully open) is available from the ministry of environmental protection, and used by both CSO and mass media outlets it is hard to find a causality between its publication and impact (1). Apart from air pollution rates (which are mandatory) it is very hard to get additional data (2).
##
(1)Phone interview with Hadas Marshal, head of species preservation in the environmental municipality union of the Sharon on June 15, 2014
(2) http://www.haaretz.co.il/news/science/zafrir/.premium-1.2286736 accessed on June 14 2014"
"Israel","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",5,"The main example of the usage of open data is public transportation apps that sprang up after the release of transportation tables as open data (1): for example the moovit app (2) and other similar ones (3)(4)(5). Beyond that, there is limited impact identifiable as yet.
##
(1) http://www.calcalist.co.il/internet/articles/0,7340,L-3570959,00.html accessed 11th of june 2014
(2) http://www.moovitapp.com/ accessed 11th of june 2014
(3): http://www.tranzmate.co.il/about.htm
(4): http://netbus.co.il/
(5): http://www.madlan.co.il/education/schools"
"Israel","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"The use of open data for economical solutions is still new in Israel while the biggest announcement so far is the cooperation between Google and Israeli government to create better online databases (1). However there is no clear impact to point to at this stage.
##
(1) Google signed a contract with the Israeli government - http://www.pc.co.il/?p=142221 accessed on June 11 2014"
"Israel","ODB.2013.I.INC",1,"There is no credible sources that can be cited. There is some evidence of future plans to use open data (1) and initiatives increasing the ability of such groups to take action using open data (2), but no examples found that linked a specific action to open data, so it is unclear how much impact this data currently has. It should be noticed that bloggers and activists dealing with issues affecting marginalised groups do use open data when available (3)
##
(1) http://www.mcln.org.il/SiteCollectionDocuments/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%97%20%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%20%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA%20%D7%A6%D7%93%D7%A7%20%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%99%2030-4.pdf accessed June 18 2014
(2)http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4468179,00.html
(3) http://idanlandau.com/2013/10/04/sardines-in-overcrowded-classrooms/ accessed June 18 2014
(*) general assistance - Phone interview with Noam Kastel, Community manager at the public knowledge workshop 19 of June 2014"
"Israel","ODB.2013.C.DPL",7,"In 1996 Israel updated its law regarding privacy to include a regulatory framework over the storage of personal information on databases (1).
Recently Israeli received article 29 working party acknowledgement of the adequacy of privacy in Israel to the EU. However, the regulatory framework is quite comprehensive and includes (beyond the general law) and there is an agency in place to regulate the subject (ILITA: Israeli Law, Information and Technology Authority (2)). ILITA has various drafts relating to protection of privacy and empowering enforcement agencies, the current situation is such that the executive and legislative bodies are curbing its attempts to take significant actions on privacy issues (3). Example of actions taken by the ILITA are far between and usually regarding minor cases (4) (5) (6)
##Sources
(1): Israel privacy law, 1981, no 128, reform tashnav (תשנ""ו), http://www.tamas.gov.il/cmsTamat/InternalPage.aspx?FRAMELESS=false&NRNODEGUID=%7b271F57DC-6A6D-4E57-BA8F-B34D9DA9A08B%7d&NRORIGINALURL=%2fNR%2fexeres%2f271F57DC-6A6D-4E57-BA8F-B34D9DA9A08B%2ehtm&NRCACHEHINT=Guest#A2A
(2): http://index.justice.gov.il/Units/ilita/Pages/default.aspx accessed june 5, 2014
(3): Email exchange with Jonathan Klinger, Law attorney and computer right activist between 15th of june and 19 of june
(4): http://www.pratiut.com/2014/01/blog-post.html access on june 6, 2014
(5): http://www.jonathanklinger.com/2012/01/23/%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%91%D7%98%D7%97%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2-%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99-%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99/ access on june 6, 2014
(6): http://www.israeldefense.co.il/?CategoryID=760&ArticleID=3316 accessed on june 11 2014"
"Israel","ODB.2013.C.RTI",5,"In Israel, the right-to-information law is active since 1998 (1)(2). The law was legislated because of a series of supreme-court rulings, and as an act of execution of recommendation of a committee that was appointed by the minister of justice at 1994. The law, however, is vague, has many exceptions for organisations not bound by it's provisions, noted from Ch 9 onwards in the law, and including Intelligence, defense and security bodies, and medical authorities (in some contexts). The minister of justice can add organizations and units to this list as needed and after consulting with the relevant minister and with the preemption of the Knesset's law and justice committee. The law also says that every authority who is subjected to the freedom of information law has to hold a freedom of information commissioner position. This commissioner is subjected to the authority, and serves it's best interest. Answers to requests have to be given in 30 days. The person in-charge of the unit may grant 30 more days, but they have to give you a written explanation to the delay. The head of the unit can prolong this period to a maximum of 120 days in total to get an answer (3)(4).
While the Freedom of Information act exists, and the government appointed a recent head of free information in the justice department, the default rule is to drag information requests to the courts or supply it after a long period of time and in a manner that makes using the data very hard (pdf, scans and faxes).
##Sources
(1): http://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/heb/freedom_info.htm
(2): http://old.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/E61B50EF-22DD-4389-94FF-231AF031F158/0/hofeshmeidaHOK.pdf
(3): http://index.justice.gov.il/Units/YechidatChofeshHameyda/Explanatory/Pages/HagashatBakasha.aspx
(4): http://old.justice.gov.il/MOJEng/HofeshMeda/
(5): Email exchange with Jonathan Klinger, Law attorney and computer rights activist between 15th of June and 19th of June
(6): Phone interview with Alona Vinograd, Director General of the Movement for Freedom of Information on the 19th of June 2014"
"Italy","ODB.2013.C.INIT",6,"In Italy there is still no real strategy in the field of Open Data.
During last year several activities have been Implemented (1) such as:
- The Agency for Digital Italy has issued the national guidelines for the enhancement of public information (2) and an ""open data agenda"" (3);
- Italy endorsed the G8 Open Charter (4) and published its ""Open date action plan"" (5);
- Open data are one of the pillars of the reform of public administration that was announced securities by the government (6).
However, the italian open data initiative is not yet resourced (7) and still lacks an effective coordination mechanism among all of the different institutional actors (government, agencies, etc.) (8) (9) (10) (11).
In addition, it should be noted that there are no penalties for administrations which don't publish open data.
There is increased awareness of the importance of open data as tool to increase transparency and fight corruption, but it's not enough to support decisions and economic development (10).
##Sources
(1): Stefano Pizzicannella, Director of International Relations at the Department of Public Administration, 27th june, 2014, Rome, Italy.
(2): http://www.agid.gov.it/notizie/online-le-linee-guida-la-valorizzazione-del-patrimonio-informativo-pubblico-2014 Accessed 27th june 2014
(3): http://www.agid.gov.it/sites/default/files/documenti_indirizzo/agendanazionalepatrimioniopubblico2014.pdf Accessed 10th june 2014
(4): https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/207772/Open_Data_Charter.pdf Accessed 10th june 2014
(5): http://www.funzionepubblica.gov.it/media/1104831/piano_azione_g8_open_data.pdf Accessed 10th june 2014
(6): http://www.governo.it/Notizie/Palazzo% 20Chigi/dettaglio.asp? D = 75525 Accessed 10th june 2014
(7): Daniele Crespi, Open Data Expert at Lombardia Informatica, 6th june 2014 phone.
(8): Salvatore Marras, Director at FormezPA / Dati.Gov.it, 20th june, 2014, Rome, Italy.
(9): Luke Corsato, Open Data Expert at Municipality of Venice, 27th june 2014 phone.
(10): Guido Romeo, Data journalist at Wired Italy and founder of dirittodisapere.it, 18th june, phone.
(11): Paolo Coppola, and Adviser to the Deputy Minister of Public Administration, 26th june, 2014, Rome, italy."
"Italy","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",6,"As in recent years, the movement for the liberation of public data has been led by different actors: associations (like Wikitalia, Agorà Digitale, OKFN Italy, Stati Generali per l'innovazione, Open Polis, Open Media Coalition, Diritto di Sapere), centers of expertise (such as Nexa and Top-ix), communities (like SpaghettiOpenData.it); all together they have tried to spread the culture of the Open Data in Italy.
The activity of civil society includes:
- organization of important events like SOD14 (1) and OpenDataDay (2)
- open data campaigns (like ""Open SIOPE"") (3)
- reports (like ""Report on implementation of first italian OGP action plan"" and ""open data census"") (4) (5)
- projects (like ""Confiscati Bene"" (6), ""Open Bilanci"" (7) and ""Monithon"" (8) ).
A campaign promoted by some NGOs, called ""OPEN SIOPE"", has been implemented by the government that published the informations on the spending of all italian administrations (9). In addition, the United States Agency for Digital has launched a public consultation on guidelines for the enhancement of public information (10).
However, there is no coordinated campaign for open data usage (11), and the government does not engage the community regularly (12).
##Sources
(1): http://www.spaghettiopendata.org/page/benvenut-sod14 Accessed 7th june 2014
(2): http://opendataday.it/ Accessed 7th june 2014
(3): http://blog.openpolis.it/2014/04/15/opensiope-rendiamo-i-pagamenti-pubblici-correnti-aperti-tutti/ Accessed 7th june 2014
(4): http://www.slideshare.net/opengovit/civil-societys-report-on-first-italian-open-government-action-plan-implementation Accessed 7th june 2014
(5): http://it-city.census.okfn.org/ Accessed 7th june 2014
(6): http://www.confiscatibene.it/ Accessed 7th june 2014
(7): http://www.openbilanci.it/ Accessed 7h june 2014
(8): http://www.monithon.it/ Accessed 7th june 2014
(9): http://www.rgs.mef.gov.it/_Documenti/VERSIONE-I/e-GOVERNME1/SIOPE/Documentaz/Decreto-Mi/DM47989-30-05-2014.pdf Accessed 16th june 2014
(10): http://www.agid.gov.it/notizie/linee-guida-la-valorizzazione-del-patrimonio-informativo-pubblico Accessed 20th june 2014
(11): Roberto Scano, President at IWA Italy, june 2014, phone
(12): Francesco Piero Paolicelli, Open Data expert at municipality of Matera and member of Wikitalia, 23th june 2014, phone."
"Italy","ODB.2013.C.CITY",1,"There is very little government support for innovation using open data.
Only one contest was organized in 2012 called Apps4Italy and the winners were awarded in May 2012.
Apps4Italy hasn’t seen a second edition although it was planned in the italian OGP action plan (1).
There are two important initiatives of different agencies supporting open data (2) (3):
a) The ""open Coesione project"" has organized the project ""School of Open Cohesion"", a data journalism school for pupils of 60 italian schools (4);
b) The hackathon organized by the Chamber of Deputies in May 2014 (5).
##Sources
(1): http://www.slideshare.net/opengovit/civil-societys-report-on-first-italian-open-government-action-plan-implementation Accessed 10th june 2014
(2): Guido Romeo, Data journalist at Wired Italy and founder of dirittodisapere.it, 18th june, phone.
(3): Skype interview with Andrea Raimondi, 27th june 2014
(4): http://www.opencoesione.gov.it/a-scuola-di-opencoesione/ Accessed 10th june 2014
(5): http://dati.camera.it/it/hackathon/ Accessed 10th june 2014"
"Italy","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",5,"In Italy there are good efforts from the Regional Authorities and Municipalities to open up public data and to create open data portals. Above all:
- seven Regions are leading the way with their open data portals (in particular, Piedimont, Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia Romagna, Liguria, Sardegna and Trentino)
- some of biggest Italian municipalities (like Rome, Turin, Milan, Florence, Venice, Bologna, Matera and Palermo).
Moreover, an important number of Regions passed (or is passing) open data laws (1).
However, there are a number of critical issues:
- Regions and municipalities that opened their data are a minority in the total (less than 40 of 8000 italian municiplities) (2);
- In several cases there Is not a strong open data initiative with significant resources behind it, including dedicated staff and budgets (3);
- isn't provided the figure of an open data manager with the powers and the right skills to develop and implement an effective strategy (4).
##Sources
(1): https://maps.google.it/maps/ms?msid=211764030347800570969.0004ba524e5b9196aac1b&msa=0&dg=feature Accessed 10th june 2014
(2): http://www.dati.gov.it/content/infografica Accessed 10th june 2014
(3): Daniele Crespi, Open Data Expert at Lombardia Informatica, 6th june 2014 phone
(4) Guido Romeo, Data journalist at Wired Italy and founder of dirittodisapere.it, 18th june, phone"
"Italy","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",3,"There is very limited training available in the matter of open data. In particular, there aren't many specific courses in Italian universities with some exceptions (1) (2).
The field in which there are multiple training courses (3) is represented by the data journalism (4). Those wishing to learn more have access to training from outside the country (5).
The major problems aren't related to the technological expertises: the biggest issue is the poor training of employees and management of public administrations.
##Sources
(1): http://www.univpm.it/Entra/Engine/RAServePG.php/P/943710013400 Accessed 20th june 2014
(2): http://www.baicr.it/news/98-data-scientist-il-lavoro-piu-sexy-del-xxi-secolo-palinsesto-geografico Accessed 20th june 2014
(3): Guido Romeo, Data journalist at Wired Italy and founder of dirittodisapere.it, 18th june, phone
(4): like http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/102600 Accessed 20th june 2014
(5): Roberto Scano, President at IWA Italy, june 2014, phone"
"Italy","ODB.2013.I.GOV",3,"The lack of a real national strategy in matter makes it difficult to observe a clear impact of open data on the efficiency in public administration (1).
At the moment neither Regions or Municipality neither Universities have realized studies or monitored this impact but it's possible to argue that open data have not increased the efficiency of government in a relevant way.
The lack of impact not depends by the low amount but by the type of published data. On dati.gov.it (national open data portal) there are very few data about offices and their activity. Moreover, there are a lot of Regions (especially in the South of Italy) which have not published datasets yet (2).
In this context, there are some good case studies where the publication of data have produced positive effects (3), like ""Open Coesione"" (4).
In the few months since launch, the importance of the project was reported in blog post (5), newspaper articles (6) and Open Coesione was nominated for Open Government Awards (7). The publication is part of a strategy that leads to more efficient spending and to compare between virtuous agencies and non-virtuous.
The project has recorded some effects (8): which points out that - although the project has been started by only one year - can be recorded some effects:
a) in terms of impact on the quality of the data provided by different agencies (increased as a result of the work done by the project staff);
b) in terms of the activation of processes of Civic monitoring (www.monithon.it) and data journalism;
c) in terms of the context for the publication of open data from other organizations and projects (as PONREC http://www.ponrec.it/open-data).
##Sources
(1): Paolo Coppola, and Adviser to the Deputy Minister of Public Administration, 26th june, 2014, Rome, italy
(2): http://www.dati.gov.it/content/infografica Accessed 27th june 2014
(3): Stefano Pizzicannella, Director of International Relations at the Department of Public Administration, 27th june, 2014, Rome, Italy.
(4): http://www.opencoesione.gov.it/progetto/en/ Accessed 27th june 2014
(5): http://civic.mit.edu/blog/erhardt/notes-on-monitory-democracy-and-a-networked-civil-society Accessed 27th june 2014
(6): http://techpresident.com/news/wegov/25011/monithon-monitoring-marathon-citizens Accessed 27th june 2014
(7): http://www.funzionepubblica.gov.it/la-struttura/funzione-pubblica/attivita/attivita-internazionali/ogp/iniziative/i-risultati-della-consultazione-per-gli-ogp-awards-2104.aspx Accessed 27th june 2014
(8): Luigi Reggi, Open Coesione, 30th june 2014, phone"
"Italy","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",2,"The impact of open data on transparency and accountability is low but is growing, also according NGO representatives (1).
Italy recently passed new transparency acts (Legislative Decree No. 33 of 2013) (2) where are prescribed measures for proactive disclosure on the websites of public agencies. But still few administrations have applied these laws (3).
Nevertheless there are some open data projects that are contributing to greater transparency and accountability as:
a) OpenCoesione / Monithon (4)
b) Open Bilanci (5)
An entire chapter of the book ""Se il Sud muore"" (written by Stella-Rizzo, two important Italian journalists) is based on data published in Open Coesione( 7).
The increasing impact is also confirmed by international rankings such as the CPI (Corruption Perception Index by Transparency International) (8). Italy continued to be extremely high-risk country but moved from 72 to 69 place).
##Sources
(1): Roberto Scano, President at IWA Italy, june 2014, phone
(2): http://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2013-03-14;33!vig= Accessed 25th june 2014
(3): http://www.anticorruzione.it/wp-content/uploads/Report-on-the-first-year-of-implementation-of-law-no.-190-2012.pdf Accessed 25th june 2014
(4): http://www.corrierecomunicazioni.it/tlc/27992_delrio-piu-ict-per-un-uso-efficiente-dei-fondi-ue.htm Accessed 7th june 2014
(5): http://www.iltempo.it/abruzzo/2014/06/03/cappadocia-come-cortina-ma-solo-per-il-pagamento-di-tasse-e-tributi-locali-1.1256830 Accessed 7th june 2014
(6): Skype interview with Andrea Raimondi, 27th june 2014
(7): http://books.google.it/books?id=x4EbAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:8858815033&hl=it&sa=X&ei=i6CgUtKZC-yr0gXMwoHYAw&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Accessed 7th june 2014
(8): http://www.transparency.org/research/cpi/overview Acccessed 7th june 2014"
"Italy","ODB.2013.I.ENV",1,"There is no evidence on the impact of open data on environmental sustainability. This is demonstrated by the lack of important environmental data on the italian open data portal (1) and by the fact that most of the environmental databases is not released in open formats and openly licensed (2).
Moreover, as also noted by experts (3), Open data have never been used in the most important Italian environmental emergencies (4).
Nevertheless, there are some experiments in the use OpenData for environmental sustainability:
a) use of open data by community of citizens involved in territory protection (http://www.cittadinireattivi.it)
b) use of open data in geo-social forum for environmental monitoring (www.q-cumber.org/)
c) use of open data for sustainable mobility (http://www.uni.euromobility.org/searchIndicator/index.php)
##Sources
(1): Dati.Gov.it Accessed 24th june 2014
(2): http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/en/databases/ Accessed 2nd july 2014
(3): Rosy Battaglia, journalist and founder of ""Cittadini Reattivi"", 20th june 2014, phone
(4): http://www.cittadinireattivi.it/2014/04/18/veleni-occulti-e-bonifiche-opache-la-nostra-inchiesta-su-la-nuova-ecologia/ Accessed 20th june 2014"
"Italy","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There aren't still evident effects of the opening of the data on the inclusion of marginalised groups in the decision-making process.
In particular there are no relevant open government data that can allowing marginalised groups to participate in policy making or to access government services (1).
The same portal dati.gov.it and all its contents are available only in italian and so linguistic minorities cannot use them (2).
In general, in Italy there aren't widespread forms of involvement in decision-making (e.g. the Government hasn't a portal of petitions) and, even when public consultations are promoted, rarely open data have been published before (eg in the case of the spending review or reform of public administration).
##Sources:
(1): Skype interview with Andrea Menapace, IRM Researcher at OGP, 27th june 2013
(2): Guido Scorza, Lawyer and Founder of Open Media Coalition, 6th june, Rome, Italy"
"Italy","ODB.2013.I.ECON",2,"There aren't cases in media, expert's blogs or user groups, where open data is cited to have contributed to economic growth (1).
Open Data certainly have a huge economic value, but at the time did not contribute significantly to economic growth in Italy.
From the theoretical point of view, there is no doubt that the data may have a great impact on different sectors but open data available are still too few: ""there are currently a lot of data of all kinds, but there are still too few ""high quality data"", data that is really interesting to re-use"" (2).
It's possible to note an increasing attention on this issues, particularly in sector of developing apps (http://tg24.sky.it/tg24/economia/2012/05/16/apps4italy_finaliste_open_data.html).
So far, Open Data have contributed to start new business models (creation of apps and data journalism) which did not exist until recent (3). In addition, the Open Data have led to the creation of a little number of companies (as demonstrated by the response to the following question).
##Sources
(1): Vittorio Alvino, OpenPolis, june 2014, phone.
(2): Ugo Bonelli, Economist and member of Stati generali dell'Innovazione, 6th june 2014, Rome, Italy.
(3): Guido Romeo, Data journalist at Wired Italy and founder of dirittodisapere.it, 18th june, phone."
"Italy","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",4,"Open data haven't contributed in a relevant way to the creation of new businesses, especially because data are often not complete and updated (1).
""Open data"" have been used by Italian companies in three ways (2):
a) Business innovation: broader and more rapid access to data make it easier for researchers and businesses to build on (3)
b) Business creation: a new market for public service information begins to be available and products/services are developed by businesses by adding value to the original public service data provided by government (4)
c) Business efficiency: businesses benefit from more open data by gaining more precise and complete insight into customers’ preferences and needs, thus becoming more efficient in tackling those needs and at the same time contributing to a smart growth (5).
##Sources
(1): Vittorio Alvino, OpenPolis, june 2014, phone.
(2): Ugo Bonelli, Economist and member of Stati generali dell'Innovazione, 6th june 2014, Rome, Italy.
(3): Like http://www.regesta.com/info/ and http://www.evodevo.it/it/
(4): Like www.openpolis.eu and www.openbilanci.it
(5): See the example of ""SpazioDati"" www.spaziodati.eu"
"Italy","ODB.2013.C.DPL",8,"The Italian law applicable on privacy issues is the Legislative Decree no. 196 of 30 June 2003 (""Codice in materia di protezione dei dati personali"", the ""Privacy Code"") (1). The Privacy Code implements Directives 46/1995/EC and 58/2002/EC.
The Italian Data Protection Authority plays an active role in enforcing the regulation, and investigating emerging issues raised by new technologies (4).
The Code applies to any personal data processing activity performed by any entity established either (Article 5, Code):
- In Italian territory.
- In a place under Italian sovereignty
- in both the public and private sectors.
- Outside the EU, where an entity makes use of equipment, whether automated or non-automated, situated in Italian territory, unless equipment is only used for purposes of transit through the territory.
The Code also applies to any processing performed by natural persons for exclusive personal purposes if the data are intended for systematic communication or dissemination. The provisions concerning civil liability and security measures apply in any case.
The Code provides a national Data Protection Authority (DPA) called ""Garante"".
Following a recent amendment to the Code, the concept of personal data has been limited to information relating to natural persons, identified or identifiable, even indirectly, by reference to any other information including a personal identification number (Article 4 b), Code). Sub-categories of personal data include sensitive data, judicial data, and traffic and location data.
As a general obligation, personal data must be:
- Processed lawfully and fairly.
- Collected and recorded for specific, explicit and legitimate purposes and used in further processing operations consistent with these purposes.
- Accurate and, when necessary, kept updated.
- Relevant, complete and adequate in relation to the purposes for which they are collected or subsequently processed.
- Kept in a form which permits identification of the data subject for a period of no longer than the necessary for the purposes for which the data were collected or subsequently processed.
The main obligations imposed on data controllers are to:
- Provide the data subjects with prior information on the processing of their personal data.
- Obtain, if necessary, the data subject's consent.
- Implement technical or organisational security measures.
Processing of personal data by private entities or by profit-seeking public bodies is allowed only if the data subject has provided a valid prior consent. To be considered as valid, consent must be:
- Based on proper prior information.
- Express.
- Freely given.
- Specific with regard to a clearly identified processing.
- Documented in writing.
- In writing if the processing concerns sensitive data.
Specific rules may apply to processing carried out by public authorities.
Some basic information must be provided to the data subject at the time of collection or, in case of collection through third parties, no later than at the moment of recording of data or of their first communication (Article 13, Code). This information includes:
- The purposes and methods of the processing.
- The mandatory or voluntary nature of providing the requested data.
- Consequences of the failure to reply.
- The entities or categories of entity to whom the data can be communicated, or who may get to know the data in their capacity as data processors or persons in charge of the processing, and the scope of dissemination of the data.
- Rights granted under Article 7 of the Code.
- Some identification data concerning the data controller and, where appointed, the data controller's representative in Italian territory under Article 5 of the Code, as well as the data processor.
Data subject is entitled to obtain confirmation as to whether or not personal data concerning him exists, regardless of this already being recorded, and the communication of the data in an intelligible form (Article 7, Code). A data subject also has the right to be informed of:
- The source of the personal data.
- The purposes and methods of the processing.
- The logic applied to the processing, if the latter is carried out through electronic means.
- Identification data of the data controller, data processors and any representative designated by the data controller established outside the EU making use of equipment, whether electronic or otherwise, situated in Italian territory.
- The entities or categories of entity to whom personal data can be communicated and who can get to know this data in their capacity as a designated representative in Italian territory, data processor or person in charge of the processing.
A data subject has the right to obtain:
- Updating, rectification or integration of data.
- Erasure, anonymization or blocking of data that have been unlawfully processed, including data whose retention is unnecessary for the purposes for which they have been collected or subsequently processed.
- Certification that the actions listed above have been carried out.
A data subject has the right to object, in whole or in part to:
- The processing, on legitimate grounds, of his personal data, even though they are relevant to the purpose of the collection.
- The processing of his personal data, when carried to send advertising materials, for direct selling or to perform market or commercial communication surveys.
Data subjects can settle disputes either through the courts or by lodging a complaint with the DPA in case they have been prevented from exercising access/erasure/rectification/updating rights (as per Section 7 of the code).
The effectiveness of the rights described above is guaranteed (3) by the judicial system as well as the important activities (4) of the DPA.
These are its powers:
- Supervising compliance with the provisions protecting private life;
- Handling claims, reports and complaints Lodged by citizens;
- That banning or blocking processing operations are Liable to cause serious harm to individuals;
- Checking, Also on citizens' Behalf, into the processing operations performed by police and intelligence services;
- Carrying out on-the-spot inspections Also access to databases Directly;
- Reporting to judicial Authorities on serious Infringements;
- Raising public awareness of privacy legislation;
- Fostering the adoption of codes of practice for various industry sectors.
While a regulatory data protection framework does exist, in practice such law is unable to actually protect citizens' privacy, neither during court trials, nor when it comes to tax/fiscal issues, nor on the Web. Also, while the law does give the chance for individuals to choose to give or deny their consent to use their private information, some companies can use the trick of putting individuals in the situation that in case they don't give their consent, they (the companies) won't provide the services.
##Sources
(1): http://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2003-06-30;196!vig= Accessed 30th May 2014. Entire text is available in English here http://www.garanteprivacy.it/documents/10160/2012405/DataProtectionCode-2003.pdf Accessed 30th May 2014.
(2): More info on Italian Privacy Code are available here http://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home_en/italian-legislation#1 Accessed 30 th May 2014
(3): Professor Giovanni Maria Riccio, University of Salerno Italy, Department of Comparative Law, Faculty Member, 12 th june 2014, Rome, Italy
(4): Italian DPA’s annual report is available here http://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/3184318 Accessed 12th june 2014"
"Italy","ODB.2013.C.RTI",4,"Italy passed a Legislative Decree (no 33 of 2013) and has taken important steps over the last year to improve its transparency standards (1).
However, Italy still lacks a proper Freedom of Information Act, and its legal framework on access to information is considered by international experts and organizations to be among the most restrictive in Europe.
The Constitution of Italy is silent on the matter of access to information. Law no 241 of 1990, The Administrative Procedure Act (2), remains the cornerstone of the current regulations of access, according to which:
1. right of access shall mean the right of interested parties to inspect and take copies of administrative documents;
2. interested parties shall mean all private parties (including those having interests that are public or diffuse) who have a direct, concrete and currently existing interest, corresponding to a legally protected situation that is linked to the document to which access is requested;
3. requests of access made with the aim of generally monitoring the work of public authorities shall not be admissible;
4. public bodies must respond to requests within 30 days, but can withhold information related to security, national defense and international relations, public order and monetary and foreign exchange policy.
Since 2009, a series of different regulations (Legislative Decree no 150 of 2009, Decree no 83 of 2012 and Legislative Decree no 33/2013) have introduced in the Italian legal system principles such as the full disclosure of all information regarding the activities of public institutions and the total accessibility, also by electronic means, of all public data and information.
These new regulations have added several proactive elements of disclosure with the potential to improve the overall transparency and facilitate access to information. However, no measures on proactive disclosure have been introduced, as law 241/90 has remained untouched.
Moreover, recent work from Agorà Digitale, an organization working on transparency and digital rights, has shown that Italian Administrations often do not abide even the proactive disclosure regulations, effective since January 2013 (3).
Therefore, Italy is still lacking a proper Freedom of Information Act (4). This circumstance is also demonstrated by the fact that Italy is one of the ""bottom 10 countries"" in RTI Rating (5) .
It's important to note that there is an important report on the implementation of RTI Law in Italy from NGO ""Diritto di Sapere"" (6). The report presents the results of the first ever conducted monitoring study testing access to government held information in Italy. Thirtythree representatives of civil society organizations, journalists and other members of the public participated in the testing exercise by submitting 300 requests of information to public authorities across nine thematic areas, namely: environment, human rights, justice, public spending, education, social services, government performances, financial investments and health.
A key finding is that less than one quarter of the requests resulted in information being provided to the requester. Only 27% of requests led to fully satisfactory information being provided whereas 73% of all responses was not compliant with right to information international standards. The level of administrative silence (complete lack of response from the public authorities after 30 calendar days) was extremely high, representing 65% of all requests.
Disputes relating to the application of the RTI Law fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the administrative courts. So citizens are obliged to bring their legal claims to court with expensive costs and complicated legal procedures (7).
##Sources
(1): The entire text of decree is available here in italian http://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2013-03-14;33!vig= Accessed 28th May 2014
(2): www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:1990-08-07;241!vig= Accessed 28th May 2014
(3): www.eradellatrasparenza.it Accessed 28th May 2014
(4): Guido Romeo, journalist at Wired and founder of DirittodiSapere.it, 4th june 2014, Milan, Italy
(5): http://www.rti-rating.org/view_country.php?country_name=Italy Accessed 6th june 2014
(6): The Silent State, available here http://www.dirittodisapere.it/2013/04/25/the-silent-state-il-primo-monitoraggio-sullaccesso-in-italia/ Accessed 6th june 2014
(7): Guido Scorza, Lawyer and Founder of Open Media Coalition, 6th june, Rome, Italy."
"Jamaica","ODB.2013.C.INIT",3,"An off-the-record interview (1) indicated that Jamaica is not overly involved in the Open Data initiative, as far as government efforts go.
There is just a funded open government data initiative led by the Mona School of Business & Management @ University of the West Indies, a founding member of the Caribbean Open Institute (2), which was established to facilitate open data initiatives in the Caribbean region. While not government-led, the initiative has garnered active support from the Ministry of Science & Technology, and is reflected in the Government of Jamaica's (GOJ) ICT Roadmap (see pp.47 of the Junior Minister's 2014 sectoral debate (3, pp47). The GOJ has also indicated it's intent to partner with the World Bank to undertake an Open Data Readiness Assessment for Jamaica in the 4th quarter, 2014 and to work towards establishing an Open Data Policy and official Open Government Data Portal by December 2014.
While not led by the GOJ, the initiative has realized Government collaboration at several Ministry/Agency levels: - Agriculture: Partnership with RADA to explore the use of open data to to enhance the delivery of extension services and support the fight against praedial Larceny"" (4). This 6-month partnership[ produced a prototype Agriculture API (5). See also feature blog piece on Code-for-America site. (6) Other initiatives have been undertaken in Tourism & Education. Several Open Data resources from these sectors are available online
There is, however, a relatively responsive office devoted to Access to Information, as well as active Access to Information legislation. The only open data initiative readily available is the Edward Seaga database. (7) (8)
##Sources
(1): Anonymous Interview
(2): http://caribbeanopeninstitute.org/
(3): MSTEM -GOJ, “Information and Communication Technologies as enablers for growth and development: Sectoral Debate Presentation by Julian J. Robinson Minister of State Ministry of Science, Technology, Energy & Mining,” 2014. http://www.mstem.gov.jm/sites/default/files/documents/JJR
(4): http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20130802/lead/lead91.html
(5): http://harvestapi.io/
(6): M. McNaughton, “Code for the Caribbean Fellows Partner with Local Agencies to Design Two Awesome Apps!,” 2014 http://www.codeforamerica.org/blog/2014/07/02/code-for-the-caribbean-fellows-partner-with-local-agencies-to-design-two-awesome-apps/
(7): http://www.macrodata.org
(8): Alexis Goffe, Board Member, Jamaicans for Justice. June 11, 2014, Kingston, Jamaica."
"Jamaica","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"No evidence could be found for this. The Open Data movement appears to be still in the emergent stages in Jamaica, other than the Edward Seaga Database. (1) (2) However, while not leading the effort, several government agencies have actively supported open data initiatives in Agriculture, Tourism & Education, in particular, through a variety events & competitions: - Jamaica is one of the primary locations for ""Developing the Caribbean: Open Data Conference & Codesprint"", a regional technology conference and code sprint, focused on open data, software innovation, and technology trends. (3) DevCA has featured open data contributed by various government agencies and published online (4). The GOJ/Worldbank sponsored Digijam events (5) and featured the 1st Sports Hackathon (6).
##Sources
(1): http://digjamaica.com/blog/2013/04/12/5-facts-open-data/ Accessed June 11, 2014
(2): http://www.macrodata.org Accessed June 11, 2014
(3): http://developingcaribbean.org/ Accessed July 30, 2014
(4): http://data.caribbeanopeninstitute.org/group/jamaica Accessed July 30, 2014
(5): https://www.facebook.com/DigitalJam3 Accessed July 30, 2014
(6): http://sports.data.org.jm"
"Jamaica","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"No evidence could be found for this."
"Jamaica","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",3,"Through the COI initiative, discrete training initiatives have been organized over the past year, including CKAN technology workshop delivered by the Open Knowledge Foundation (Jan, 2013); Data Journalism Fellowship/Workshop for journalists (1). However these have been one-off and not sustained or on-demand availability. More recently, a series of mobile Apps development training camps have been organized as part of the EPIC/Infodev Caribbean Mobile Innovation Program, primarily targeting early-stage entrepreneurs, particularly in the mobile space. This is being done through a 45-year agreement with the University of the West Indies. (2)
##Sources
(1): http://dj.caribbeanopeninstitute.org/ Accessed July 30, 2014
(2): http://www.infodev.org/mobilestartupcamp https://www.infodev.org/press-releases/cmip-launch Accessed July 30, 2014"
"Jamaica","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",5,"In general, open data is not a popular concept in Jamaica, as even basic information management is a challenge. The government appears to be promoting only basic best practices (such as proper storage of paper records) let alone the release of open data on ICTs. (1) (2) Civil society groups are concerned that a lack of data, let alone open data, is leading to policy creation and implementation that is based on incomplete information.
The Open Data initiatives that have been enacted thus far, have all been largely demand-side initiatives led by CSOs (eg. Caribbean Open Institute), and information technology professionals (Slashroots Foundation) engaging with the government agencies. The Code-for-the-Caribbean initiative that was used as the model of engagement with RADA, mentioned in C1, reflects this collaboration. (3) Other CSO-led initiatives include the Edward Seaga Database Collection, which is is a compilation macroeconomic variables and national statistics collected from government agencies, including the Statistical Institute of Jamaica, the Bank of Jamaica, the Planning Institute, the Ministries of Finance and Education, covering the period: 1950 to 2010. The Caribbean Open Institute has conducted a coordinated program of awareness, advocacy and engagement with government agencies for open data usage, over the past 2 years through various research and event initiatives. (4)
##Sources
(1): http://jis.gov.jm/labour-ministry-launches-records-management-competition/
(2): Interview with Alexis Goffe, Board Member, Jamaicans for Justice. June 11, 2014, Kingston, Jamaica.
(3): http://codeforthecaribbean.org/Accessed July 30, 2014
(4): http://macrodata.org/ Accessed July 30, 2014"
"Jamaica","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"I have not found any evidence that open data has had a noticeable impact on anything in this country. The most I could say would be that several CSOs, including Jamaicans for Justice, file Access to Information requests and call for action as a result. An interview with Jamaicans for Justice board member Alexis Goffe confirms this. Goffe states that there is a huge data gap and that international organizations such as the European Union have spoken to the government about this because this lack of data creates an issue in terms of drafting policy in that if it is not based on timely, accurate data, these policies could be flawed and therefore ineffectual.
##Sources
(1): http://jamaicansforjustice.org/2014/02/03/fighting-corruption-and-pushing-for-transparency-jfj-and-ati/ Accessed June 11, 2014
(2): Interview with Alexis Goffe, Board Member, Jamaicans for Justice, Kingston, Jamaica, June 11, 2014."
"Jamaica","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"I have not found any evidence that open data has had a noticeable impact on anything in this country. The most I could say would be that several CSOs, including Jamaicans for Justice, file Access to Information requests and call for action as a result. An interview with Jamaicans for Justice board member Alexis Goffe confirms this. Goffe states that there is a huge data gap and that international organizations such as the European Union have spoken to the government about this because this lack of data creates an issue in terms of drafting policy in that if it is not based on timely, accurate data, these policies could be flawed and therefore ineffectual.
##Sources
(1): http://jamaicansforjustice.org/2014/02/03/fighting-corruption-and-pushing-for-transparency-jfj-and-ati/ Accessed June 11, 2014
(2): Interview with Alexis Goffe, Board Member, Jamaicans for Justice, Kingston, Jamaica, June 11, 2014."
"Jamaica","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"I have not found any evidence that open data has had a noticeable impact on anything in this country. The most I could say would be that several CSOs, including Jamaicans for Justice, file Access to Information requests and call for action as a result. An interview with Jamaicans for Justice board member Alexis Goffe confirms this. Goffe states that there is a huge data gap and that international organizations such as the European Union have spoken to the government about this because this lack of data creates an issue in terms of drafting policy in that if it is not based on timely, accurate data, these policies could be flawed and therefore ineffectual.
##Sources
(1): http://jamaicansforjustice.org/2014/02/03/fighting-corruption-and-pushing-for-transparency-jfj-and-ati/ Accessed June 11, 2014
(2): Interview with Alexis Goffe, Board Member, Jamaicans for Justice, Kingston, Jamaica, June 11, 2014."
"Jamaica","ODB.2013.I.INC",1,"I have not found any evidence that open data has had a noticeable impact on anything in this country. The most I could say would be that several CSOs, including Jamaicans for Justice, file Access to Information requests and call for action as a result. I could not, however, draw any direct connections between open data and immediate direct improvements, at least for 2013/14.
Alexis Goffe of Jamaicans for Justice stated that the government has attempted a couple of initiatives over the years, however, they have not been kept up-to-date. Witness the creation of the Child Protection Database two years ago, it does not appear to be active now. (2)
##Sources
(1): http://jamaicansforjustice.org/2014/02/03/fighting-corruption-and-pushing-for-transparency-jfj-and-ati/ Accessed June 11, 2014
(2): Interview with Alexis Goffe, Board Member, Jamaicans for Justice, Kingston, Jamaica, June 11, 2014
(3): http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Hanna-launches-child-protection-database Accessed June 11, 2014"
"Jamaica","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"I have not found any evidence that open data has had a noticeable impact on anything in this country. The most I could say would be that several CSOs, including Jamaicans for Justice, file Access to Information requests and call for action as a result. An interview with Jamaicans for Justice board member Alexis Goffe confirms this. Goffe states that there is a huge data gap and that international organizations such as the European Union have spoken to the government about this because this lack of data creates an issue in terms of drafting policy in that if it is not based on timely, accurate data, these policies could be flawed and therefore ineffectual.
##Sources
(1): http://jamaicansforjustice.org/2014/02/03/fighting-corruption-and-pushing-for-transparency-jfj-and-ati/ Accessed June 11, 2014
(2): Interview with Alexis Goffe, Board Member, Jamaicans for Justice, Kingston, Jamaica, June 11, 2014."
"Jamaica","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",2,"I have not found any evidence that open data has had a noticeable impact on anything in this country. The most I could say would be that several CSOs, including Jamaicans for Justice, file Access to Information requests and call for action as a result. An interview with Jamaicans for Justice board member Alexis Goffe confirms this. Goffe states that there is a huge data gap and that international organizations such as the European Union have spoken to the government about this because this lack of data creates an issue in terms of drafting policy in that if it is not based on timely, accurate data, these policies could be flawed and therefore ineffectual. And while the effects are negligible, there have been some events which are generating interest and stimulating technology entrepreneurs and startups, such as DigitalJam 3.0 (3) Startup Jamaica (4) (5) Developing the Caribbean: Open Data Conference & Codesprint (6). At least one small scale examples of a Startup venture has emerged, that utilizes Agriculture price data (7).
##Sources
(1): http://jamaicansforjustice.org/2014/02/03/fighting-corruption-and-pushing-for-transparency-jfj-and-ati/ Accessed June 11, 2014
(2): Interview with Alexis Goffe, Board Member, Jamaicans for Justice, Kingston, Jamaica, June 11, 2014.
(3): https://www.facebook.com/DigitalJam3 Accessed July 30, 2104
(4): https://www.facebook.com/startupja Accessed July 30, 2014
(5): http://jis.gov.jm/govt-partners-middle-eastern-company-start-jamaica/Accessed July 30, 2014
(6): http://developingcaribbean.org/ Accessed July 30, 2014
(7): http://agrocentral.co/ Accessed July 30, 2104"
"Jamaica","ODB.2013.C.DPL",2,"The Data Protection Act is still being developed. (1) (2) There is little in the way of news or comments on this issue, so it is difficult to tell how the law is being employed and how the situation is being monitored. An update on the development of the Data Protection Act was provided in the recent GOJ sectoral debate and is reflected in the Government of Jamaica's (GOJ) ICT Roadmap (see pp.10 of the Junior Minister's 2014 sectoral debate [1, pp10] which indicates:
- Report and Drafting Instructions received from International Telecommunication Union (ITU) consultant - June 2013
- Final Report from International Telecommunication Union (ITU) consultant - June 2014
- Drafting Instructions to be issued - July 2014
- Bill to be tabled - FY 2015/2016 (3) (4)
##Sources
(1): http://jis.gov.jm/legislation-to-protect-personal-data-being-developed-2/ Accessed June 5, 2014
(2): http://jamaica-star.com/thestar/20130308/news/news11.html Accessed June 11, 2014
(3): http://www.mstem.gov.jm/sites/default/files/documents/JJR%20sectoral%202014%20Final%20100614.pdf Accessed July 30, 2014
(4): [1] MSTEM -GOJ, “Information and Communication Technologies as enablers for growth and development: Sectoral Debate Presentation by Julian J. Robinson Minister of State Ministry of Science, Technology, Energy & Mining,” 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.mstem.gov.jm/sites/default/files/documents/JJR sectoral 2014 Final 100614.pdf."
"Jamaica","ODB.2013.C.RTI",6,"Jamaica has a relatively strong RTI law (1). I can say this from personal experience, having used it myself. An interview with an investigative reporter confirms this. (2) However, Reid stated that the government can tend to abuse the law in that it asks for multiple extensions from the 30-day requirement to provide the information. He also stated that the newspaper had previously had to get lawyers involved to access the information. A conversation with a representative from Jamaican for Justice also reveals that this organization has filed many ATIs but has had to be very aggressive in getting complete, timely information.
##Sources
(1): Access to Information Act http://moj.gov.jm/sites/default/files/laws/The%20Access%20%20to%20Information%20Act.pdf Accessed June 5, 2014
(2): Interview with Tyrone Reid, Reporter (formerly with the Jamaica Gleaner)
(3): http://www.rti-rating.org/view_country.php?country_name=Jamaica
(4): http://www.ati.gov.jm/reports"
"Japan","ODB.2013.C.INIT",7,"There are organizations looking to use government data, but none have a prominent public presence. (1, 2) However, licensing issues are unclear and Japan was, according to programmer Soren Jones, “about 3 ½ years” behind the U.S. in starting to look at open data. Shintaro Eguchi of the Open Knowledge Foundation Japan says “Japan needs to do more to use open data to create chances for businesses."" (3) The government is now, however, moving toward creating a well resourced open data initiative. (4)
It launched a beta version of its open data portal in Dec 2013 (5)(6)
Sources
(1) http://dataforjapan.org/about
(2) http://openmeti.go.jp/
(3) Søren Jones, Content Strategist, Bitdiesel, interviewed online in Tokyo on June 10., Shintaro Eguchi, member of the Open Knowledge Foundation Japan and co-founder of Code for Japan, interviewed online in Tokyo on June 10.
(4) http://cio.go.jp/assets/JAPN_OGD.pdf
(5) https://www.data.go.jp/
(6) http://theodi.org/blog/japan-open-data"
"Japan","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",8,"Civil society and the government in Japan do not have deep ties on open data, as seen in the passage of the secrecy law. (1) However there are examples of civil society slowly engaging with the government. The Linked Open Data Initiative, for example, is currently working to raise awareness of the issue, but on a largely specialized basis. (2) The Nikkei newspaper has begun to work on an open data initiative in the last year. (3)
The Open Data Promotion Consortium was established by various stakeholders including government agencies, private firms and experts (4), while Code 4 Japan is a non-profit that aims to solve social problems through code, while engaging with different levels of government (6) Hack for Japan is a community of of developers that united immediately after the earthquake to use their technical skills to support the response to the disaster, and the subsequent recovery. (5) Finally, Open Knowledge Foundation Japan is extremely active in bringing together experts, policy makers and engineers in engaging in open data policy (7)
Sources:
(1) http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/press-releases/japans-new-state-secrecy-law-threatens-public-accountability
(2) http://linkedopendata.jp/
(3) http://opendata.nikkei.co.jp/
(4) The Open Data Promotion Consortium- http://www.opendata.gr.jp/
(5) Hack For Japan https://sites.google.com/site/hackforjapan/
(6) Code 4 Japan- http://code4japan.org/aboutus
(7) http://okfn.jp/"
"Japan","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"Japan is working on a plan to make open data a key aspect of IT sector growth by the end of 2015. At present, however, no rigid measures have been adopted. (1) Hackathons, however, are becoming more common, but are mostly private or nonprofit initiatives. (3)(4) (5) The government organized its first hackathon in February 2013 (which fell outside of the scoring period) (2)
(1) http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/keizaisaisei/pdf/en_saikou_jpn.pdf Accessed July 4, 2014
(2) http://geopolitech.tumblr.com/post/42363291554/japan-hosts-government-approved-hackathon-to-counter Accessed Jun 23rd 2014
(3) http://www.biohackathon.org/ Accessed Jun 23rd 2014
(4) http://odhd14.okfn.jp/
(5)http://lod.sfc.keio.ac.jp/challenge2013/index.html"
"Japan","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",3,"Most city and regional governments are not directly and consistently supporting open data initiatives. One major exception is Fukushima, which has released basic data on thyroid tests of those potentially affected by the meltdowns at the Daiichi nuclear power plant in 2011. (1) Momentum, however, is growing. Shintaro Eguchi of the Open Knowledge Foundation Japan points out that 33 towns and cities participated in International Open Data Day earlier this year. (2)
Sources:
(1) http://www.fmu.ac.jp/radiationhealth/results/media/15-2_Thyroid_Ultrasound_Examination.pdf Accessed Jun 23rd 2014
(2) http://odhd14.okfn.jp/ Accessed Jun 23rd 2014"
"Japan","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",5,"While basic IT lessons are available through public programs, training on the use of open data is rare and left to private organizations. The government launched an initiative to train individuals on how to use open data, but it has had limited success, in part due to a lack of officials with the skills to set up the systems required to maintain an open data initiative. (1) Private programs on using open data are also held to educate people (2).
(1) http://www.data.go.jp/ Accessed Jun 23rd 2014
(2) https://www.facebook.com/events/664300100291156/ Accessed Jun 23rd 2014"
"Japan","ODB.2013.I.GOV",1,"The government-funded Information Technology Promotion Agency (1) has published a report on open government data initiatives in Japan (2). Although the open data portal was launched less than a year ago, demand for open data has rose quickly after the 2011 earthquake. The report highlights that since then, the government has created a one-stop service site where users can search through a wide variety of support programs operated by the central and local governments. (ibid). The government has also continued publishing new open datasets on its portal, making information that was once difficult to access, more reusable, and easier to find.
Sources:
(1)http://www.ipa.go.jp/index-e.html
(2)Open Government Data Projects in Japan -Shuichi Tashiro, Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan http://www.w3.org/2013/04/odw/ODW13Tashiro.pdf Accessed June 23rd 2014"
"Japan","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"A review of open data developments in Japan by Tomoaki Watanabe suggests some increase in transparency and accountability (1). Otherwise, evidence of impact remains rather low.
(1) http://www.slideshare.net/ccAustralia/20131022-opendatadev-japanrev Published October 22nd-25th 2014 Accessed June 23rd 2014"
"Japan","ODB.2013.I.ENV",5,"Open data collected by the group Safecast has been used to help people assess radiation levels since the meltdowns at Fukushima. (1) Similar data has been collected on residents surrounding the plant, led by the government. (2) Such data has helped focus clean up efforts and placed Japan's energy policy under scrutiny.
Sources:
(1) http://blog.safecast.org/data/
(2) http://www.env.go.jp/press/press.php?serial=16419"
"Japan","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no evidence of open data having a noticeable impact on policy making and inclusion for marginalized groups. The Open Data portal has a statistic section and seems to collect information on used datasets, but no data was published at time of the research period.
Source:
(1) Report using ""data.go.jp"" data under Communication - https://www.data.go.jp/communication/report-using-data-go-jp-data/ Accessed 11 Aug 2014
(2) http://www.data.go.jp/statistics/ Accessed 11 Aug 2014"
"Japan","ODB.2013.I.ECON",1,"There is little evidence of open data having a positive impact on the Japanese economy in normal circumstances. It was, however, used after the earthquake and tsunami of 2011 to, for example, allow the public to monitor electricity consumption. (1)
(1) http://theodi.org/blog/japan-open-data"
"Japan","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",2,"""It is very important for private enterprises to be looking for opportunities to use open data,"" says Shintaro Eguchi. He points out that a lack of data from institutions such as the government that is truly machine readable means that chances are being missed to create new industries. One example of an attempt to use open data is the Nikkei portal. However, that is far from becoming a commercial success in part because of the problems Eguchi refers to. (1, 2)
Sources
(1) http://opendata.nikkei.co.jp/about/
(2) Shintaro Eguchi, member of the Open Knowledge Foundation Japan and co-founder of Code for Japan, interviewed online in Tokyo on June 10."
"Japan","ODB.2013.C.DPL",7,"The act on the protection of personal data (1) in Japan is robust. Most major corporations follow the law. (2) Articles in the law such as 16.2 handle right of consent; article 26.1 gives individuals the right to correct mistakes in their personal information; article 27.1 handles the right of redress and chapter IV of the law deals with the responsibilities of those handling data.
The Norton Rose Fullbright report on global policy states that ""Japan has a sophisticated and unique privacy regime..a series of data privacy guidelines published by different Ministries in Japan which, although they do not technically have the force of law, are generally complied with by data users."" (3)
(1) http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?id=130&vm=04&re=02
(2) http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/terms/privacy_statement.html
(3) http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf (p. 183)"
"Japan","ODB.2013.C.RTI",7,"Japan’s national information disclosure law took effect in 2001(1). It requires administrative branches to open information to the public as well as protecting the right to information of the citizens.
One special feature of Japan’s system pioneered by local governments is the role played by “Information Disclosure and Personal Information Protection Review Boards” to hear administrative appeals. The Review Boards, comprised of retired officials, lawyers, academics and other prominent members of the community, provide dissatisfied requesters with an alternative to litigation. Review Board appeals are popular because there are no fees and because the Boards have a duty to conduct their own investigations, including review of documents and other information at issue (2).
The RTI Ranking analysis notes Japan's legal RTI regime is weak on sanctions for non-compliance[3], although Freedom Info[1] suggest the majority of requests are fulfilled.
It should be noted that Japan passes a secrecy law in December 2013, where critics say it will curtail public access to information on a wide range of issues. (4)
(1) http://www.freedominfo.org/regions/east-asia/japan/
(2) http://mainichi.jp/english/english/perspectives/news/20131207p2a00m0na016000c.html
(3) http://www.rti-rating.org/view_country.php?country_name=Japan""
(4) http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/25/us-japan-secrecy-idUSBRE99N1EC20131025"
"Jordan","ODB.2013.C.INIT",4,"Jordan joined the OGP in 2011. For the purpose of participating in the OGP, the Prime Minister formed an Ad-hoc Committee in October 2011 comprising representatives from the public and private sectors in addition to civil society organizations to work on developing Jordan’s national Action Plan pertaining to the participation in this Partnership. The OGP national Action Plan of Jordan, which is published on the Jordanian Prime Ministry’s website (www.pm.gov.jo), both in Arabic and English languages, constitutes an integral part of our national reform plans, and focuses on addressing three grand challenges:
1) Improving public services
2) Increasing public integrity
3) More effectively managing public resources
The Ad-hoc Committee is currently developing Jordan’s second national Action Plan focusing on the work of “the Royal Committee for enhancing the National Integrity System” headed by the Prime Minister. This Royal Committee is currently engaged in a wide and inclusive consultation process across the Kingdom to build a national consensus around a National Charter for strengthening the integrity system in the country, which will serve as a road map for future reforms in this vital area towards strengthening integrity, transparency, the rule of law, accountability, justice and equal opportunities.
Though Jordan seems to have delivered on its commitments and submitted/working on their action plan, at the time of conducting this research, it was difficult to fully assess this commitment and progress. Also, there seems to be some efforts by the government to release government data online to the public through its e-portal [3], with a special section on ""Open Data"" that contains almost 60 datasets[4]. Examples of the datasets include: agricultural price indices, areas by region and governorates, central government domestic revenues, construction,
consumer price index consumer price index, electricity consumption, estimated
population, indicators of national accounts, indicators of social security,
ministry of health statistics, mortality data, crimes statistics, museums and
archaeological sites, employment distribution, communications and information
indicators, health indicators, selected indicators, syndicates, tourism,
transport and communications indicators, central government budget, topography.
Difficult to find information/url to support an assessment of the ""well
resourced"" part of the question.
Other efforts include the Economic Research Forum (ERF) initiative through its partnership with statistical offices around the Arab region making micro data accessible to the public by collecting, harmonizing and documenting the data. Building on these efforts,
ERF has recently launched the Open Access Micro Data Initiative (OAMDI) that
consists of dissemination micro data [5]. This initiative has already started to bear its fruits as 27 datasets from three Arab countries namely Egypt,
Palestine and Jordan are now accessible via the new ERF data portal [6]. There is also this website that provides different kinds of data. It was a bit difficult to use, however.
[1] http://www.opengovpartnership.org/presss/jordan-joins-open-government-partnership-jordan-directions
[2] http://www.opengovpartnership.org/countries/jordan
[3]http://www.jordan.gov.jo/wps/portal/!ut/p/b1/04_SjzQ0NDE3NjUzMrXUj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOLDLL0twrzdDQ0sPNwtDDy9DIzMfM2djA2CDPWDU_P0c6McFQGXzzmr/
[4]http://www.jordan.gov.jo/wps/portal/!ut/p/b1/04_SjzQyMDc0sTQ2sTTTj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOIdjRwDHT0tjQ38wyzdDDzNvVyDfcMsjRxNzfSDU_P0c6McFQHY-l5H/
[5]http://gdnetblog.org/tag/open-data-2/
[6] http://www.erfdataportal.com/index.php/catalog/5
http://www.jordan.gov.jo/wps/portal"
"Jordan","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",3,"Many journalists, parliamentarians and other citizen groups often ask for information regarding alleged corrupt practices and abuse of public
funds/position, as well as other areas, but no information is given. There is, therefore, some engagement from the demand side, but not the supply side. There is plenty of data available (e.g. budgets, names and contacts for various departments, map data, etc.), but any information deemed to be
""detrimental to the reputation of the state"", or deemed to be security-related, is not released, and people who publish negative information
could be arrested for doing that. A ujuzi data bootcamp was held in Jordan in April 2013. The camp is designed to give journalists, civic activists, and coders a crash-course in the most important techniques and tools needed to harness open data. The bootcamps were
pioneered by the African Media Initiative (AMI) and the World Bank Institute (WBI). Though there wasn’t clear engagement from the government in this camp,
it was co-chaired by two high profile Jordanian media experts including HHR PRINCESS RYM ALI [1]
There is also an indication of a local chapter of Hacks-Hackers in Jordan. There are few activities and announcements for Hackathouns in Amman but no articles/reports on contributions or solutions.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqOJhw0i-Jg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OyoYAcrNkw
[1] https://sites.google.com/site/databootcampjordan/Bootcamps-Explained"
"Jordan","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"There is no evidence of the government involvement in supporting innovative use of open data despite the remarkable growth of ICT industries in Jordan. The research covered academic and higher education circles and news, the business community and personal interviews."
"Jordan","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",1,"Searched for the 3 largest cities in Jordan (Amman, Zarqa, and Irbid) and there was no idication that these cities have official activities related to open data. Some have what they call data center but it only has basic information about the city and in some cases a map.
Also, the cities of Amman, Jerash, Aqaba and Karak run their own data base initiative where one can find information about a variety of issue having to do with the city council, strategic planning, regulations to districts maps and festivals.
However, these can't be considered as well-resources official initiatives.
http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/gam/index.asp
http://almashriq.hiof.no/jordan/900/930/jerash/
http://imadanat.tripod.com/karak/"
"Jordan","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",4,"Other than the bootcamp example cited under C4, no other open data-specific training activities was found. However, the ICTs sector in Jordan is an active sector and a number of universities and training centers provide courses related to computer science, programing, web technologies, etc . Also, the MoICT has made strategic agreements with Microsoft, Oracle, Cisco and Ingres covering many programs and systems in areas of open source data, business development and innovation, at:
http://www.moict.gov.jo/en-us/strategicagreements.aspx
http://www.alqudscenter.org/arabic/pages.php?local_type=122&local_details=1&idd=327
http://www.eyeonmediajo.net/?p=7508"
"Jordan","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Since the open data initiative and activities in Jordan are still in the early stage, there was no evidence of impact.. My research and personal interviews with local journalists and lawyers confirmed that."
"Jordan","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"Since the open data initiative and activities in Jordan are still in the early stage, there was no evidence of impact.. My research and personal interviews with local journalists and lawyers confirmed that."
"Jordan","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Since the open data initiative and activities in Jordan are still in the early stage, there was no evidence of impact.. My research and personal interviews with local journalists and lawyers confirmed that."
"Jordan","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Since the open data initiative and activities in Jordan are still in the early stage, there was no evidence of impact.. My research and personal interviews with local journalists and lawyers confirmed that."
"Jordan","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"Since the open data initiative and activities in Jordan are still in the early stage, there was no evidence of impact.. My research and personal interviews with local journalists and lawyers confirmed that."
"Jordan","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"Since the open data initiative and activities in Jordan are still in the early stage, there was no evidence of impact.. My research and personal interviews with local journalists and lawyers confirmed that."
"Jordan","ODB.2013.C.DPL",1,"Jordan signs many conventions relating to freedoms and the protection of rights, and even goes as far as putting them in the constitution, but
in practice, the state can clamp down on freedoms and privacy rules at will and there is no independent judiciary to stop it. So although there is a claim that the Jordanian individual has the right to privacy and protection of personal information [1], effectively there is no right to data protection or privacy [2]. Finally, in late 2013 it was announced that a draft law is being finalized and there is no evidence that the process is ongoing.
[1] (Arabic) http://www.dpp.gov.jo/2012/11.html
[2] https://www.privacyinternational.org/reports/jordan/i-legal-framework
Other Sources: News agencies
http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf
http://www.alwakeelnews.com/index.php?page=article&id=60613#.U6sNJfldXkd
https://www.privacyinternational.org/reports/jordan/i-legal-framework
http://www.7iber.org/2014/03/post-title/
http://www.alghad.com/articles/576405-%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9-%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84?s=ffcc8904a2f52c43542dc302c478fff6"
"Jordan","ODB.2013.C.RTI",2,"Articles 15 and 17 of the Jordanian constitution are a major citation source for the legal establishment of the foundation of the individuals’ right to access
information. In May 2007, the Law on Guarantee of Access to Information‖ No. 47 (2007) was promulgated [1]. Article 7 of the Law statesthat, “Every Jordanian has to right to obtain the information he/she requires
in accordance with the provisions of this Law, if he/she has a lawful interest or
a legitimate reason therefor. Article 8 obligates officials to facilitate
access to information and guarantee the disclosure thereof without delay and in
the manner stipulated in the present law”.
However, in a report published by the National Center for Human Rights [2], the center notes that despite the bright picture of the Law on Guarantee of Access to Information, ”reference should be made to the legal or practical challenges andproblems that have accompanied the implementation of this law. The Center concludes that the challenges and exceptions vary greatly to the point that it becomes very difficult to activate the citizen’s right to obtain information. Other assessments concluded that in practice, no information is given and there is widespread repression of freedoms of speech and the press [3] and [4].
The Jordanian RTI law was modified in 2013. There are no reports on how it implemented except criticism from the press and from expert that I have personally interviewed pointing out two elements: the traditional culture of secrecy surrounding the work of government agencies and all information concerning it and the lack of public will to break that secrecy.
[1] http://www.lob.gov.jo/ui/laws/search_no.jsp?no=47&year=2007
(Arabic)
[2] http://www.nchr.org.jo/english/ModulesFiles/PublicationsFiles/Files/Information-Eng1%20(2).pdf
[3] http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2012/jordan
[4] http://report.globalintegrity.org/Jordan/2009/scorecard/15
http://www.scribd.com/doc/187206709
http://arij.net/en/node/5952
http://www.freedominfo.org/2012/10/jordan-council-approves-modifications-to-foi-law/"
"Kazakhstan","ODB.2013.C.INIT",3,"Initiative exists and it is a part of e-government initiative as well. There is a site of a civil activist on open data too however it is working less as the state started its own site
Portal of open data http://data.gov.kz/about
Open government site by a civil activist http://opengov.kz/"
"Kazakhstan","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",2,"Open data started by information technology professional who is civil activist and then government did it by itself. People are welcoming the open data initiative but portal is small
Force the state to work (Part 2) http://blogbasta.kz/?p=2096
Open data site on developers http://data.gov.kz/developers"
"Kazakhstan","ODB.2013.C.CITY",2,"There are several national companies which provide the grants for start ups but they are not related to open data in particular, more to the e-government in general. Regional governments also have some programs. Also there is a law on this state support, it is possible to get subsidies on bank loans or seed capital
Application page for ICT grants by State ICT Fund http://ictfund.kz/user/login
Ruslan Yensebayev: OpenData for the people. Interview with the head of National Information Technologies July 17, 2013
http://blogbasta.kz/?p=2205
Mangistau regional support for best web sites http://www.grant.kz/ru/sites
Law On state support of industrial innovation https://egov.kz/wps/portal/!ut/p/b0/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjc7PyChKtUvKTS3NT80r0w_Wj9KNgPM8U_cgoQyMDEDA1NgFJ5STmpZcmpqfqR6bm6Rfk5lqUOyoqAgCvoRt3/#z322"
"Kazakhstan","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"Kazakhstan is a unitary state and local initiatives are usually go via center. So far open data has central level and regional governments have some information released but it is not called as open data. Usually the local governments provide information on budget and social good provision
Reports on Development Program of the territory http://karaganda-akimat.kz/ru/eco_15
State services. Site of Southern Kazakhstan local governemnt http://ru.ontustik.gov.kz/gw/cyberservice"
"Kazakhstan","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",2,"Open data is still in incipient stage and there are certain seminars for the developers. Microsoft participates in this trainings as a provider
Experts from Kazakhstan participated in the international seminar ""Open Region"" May 20, 2013 http://data.gov.kz/news/specialisty_iz_kazahstana_prinya
On the way IT-innovation. Interview with Microsoft representatives May 12, 2014 http://exclusive.kz/biznes/24178"
"Kazakhstan","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"There are certain hopes about this influence, at least there are a lot of opinions expressed publicly on this issues
Open data in kazakhstan. Survey May 16, 2014. yvision blog platform http://egov.yvision.kz/post/413803
In Kazakhstan, the ICT industry embarked on the development of e-commerce and Big Data . Interview with Mirbolat Auypov, deputy head of Zerde state company for ICT development, April 23, 2014 http://www.bnews.kz/ru/news/post/200310/"
"Kazakhstan","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"There are a lot of talks that it can influence efficiency of the government
Bocharova Margarita. Open data in Kazakhstan: post offices, ATMs and bus stops February 6, 2014 http://vlast.kz/article/otkrytye_dannye_v_kazahstane_pochtovye_otdelenija_bankomaty_i_avtobusnye_ostanovki-4295.html
News report on the newspaper Kursiv. Information of all state bodies of Kazakhstan will be collected on one site. May 21, 2013 http://kapital.kz/tehnology/15873/informaciya-vseh-gosorganov-rk-budet-sobrana-na-odnom-sajte.html"
"Kazakhstan","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Some data is published and retrieved from state agencies but still it is in incipient stage
List of projects by CSO Green salvation http://www.greensalvation.org/index.php?page=almaty
List of regional environmental problems in Karaganda city http://karecology.kz/katalog-ekologicheskih-problem-karagandinskoy-oblasti/"
"Kazakhstan","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Kazakhstan introduced portal egov.kz which is easy to use. The problem is that aged and poor people do not have full access to the web. Open data is still in very early stage
Social security payments on state e-portal http://egov.kz/wps/portal/Content?contentPath=/egovcontent/social&lang=ru
Support of handicapped people on state e-portal http://egov.kz/wps/portal/Content?contentPath=/egovcontent/social&lang=ru"
"Kazakhstan","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"There are a lot of hopes that open data can influence to the economy positively
Margarita Bocharova. Interview with Iralin Diaz, head of the project ""Open Data"": ""We work on pure enthusiasm"" March 24, 2014. http://vlast.kz/article/dias_iralin_rukovoditel_proekta_otkrytye_dannye_s_nami_sotrudnichajut_na_chistom_jentuziazme-4976.html
Bocharova Margarita. Open data in Kazakhstan: post offices, ATMs and bus stops February 6, 2014 http://vlast.kz/article/otkrytye_dannye_v_kazahstane_pochtovye_otdelenija_bankomaty_i_avtobusnye_ostanovki-4295.html"
"Kazakhstan","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"Licensing in Kazakhstan is in open data form. Tenders are made in open electronic form. Business people make analysis of it. However still open data from the state is limited
Bocharova Margarita. Open data in Kazakhstan: post offices, ATMs and bus stops February 6, 2014 http://vlast.kz/article/otkrytye_dannye_v_kazahstane_pochtovye_otdelenija_bankomaty_i_avtobusnye_ostanovki-4295.html
News report on the newspaper Kursiv. Information of all state bodies of Kazakhstan will be collected on one site. May 21, 2013 http://kapital.kz/tehnology/15873/informaciya-vseh-gosorganov-rk-budet-sobrana-na-odnom-sajte.html"
"Kazakhstan","ODB.2013.C.DPL",6,"President signed at May 21, 2013 a law on private data protection
Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on protection of personal data from May 21, 2013 http://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31396226
News report President signed at May 21, 2013 a law on private data protection May 21. 2013 http://www.zakon.kz/4557767-nazarbaev-podpisal-zakon-o-personalnykh.html
Global Data Privacy Directory, Norton Rose Flbright (2014) - http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf"
"Kazakhstan","ODB.2013.C.RTI",1,"There are several legal acts and Constitution also guarantees access to information for people. By the law government officials are required to give official response to the question within one month. They often gives it later. However people and CSO activists demand special law on access to public information. Debates are going on since 2011 and there is online version of the draft law with comments from the lawyers.
Draft law on access to information October 2013. online legal site http://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=30791337&sublink=44
Law on state secrets 1999. http://www.pavlodar.com/zakon/?dok=00090&uro=08024"
"Kenya","ODB.2013.C.INIT",2,"There is no government policy on open data yet. The Kenya open data portal (1) was launched in July 2011. However, traffic to the site has not been consistent. We also find that the government ministries have been reluctant to release data. The information contained in that portal is not current. At the moment, the government is carrying out a survey on the portal with a view of making major improvements that will make it more useful and easier to the user.
The government is on the process of improving its open government data but hampered by the lack of a freedom of information Act to guide the disclosure and timely availability of information to its citizens (2).
Source
(1)https://opendata.go.ke/
(2)http://www.icj-kenya.org/index.php/freedom-of-information/299-status-of-freedom-of-information-in-kenya"
"Kenya","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",5,"Through engagement of civil society with the government, Kenya is now a member of Open Government Partnership (OGP)and is adopting the principles of open government. Kenya launched its open government initiative in 2011. An Open Government Partnership (OGP) bringing together civil societies last May converged at a regional meeting in Mombasa. at the meeting, key OGP players spoke of a common agenda shared by the African governments and civil societies is focusing on enhancing services to citizens. Speakers also stressed the need to have OGP known and widely understood in Africa. At the meeting, it also emerged that there was need to show how greater transparency would improve access to public services for people.Civil society advocates at the meeting pointed out that OGP provides a strategic platform for creating a more open Africa. (1) (3)
OpeningParliament.org is a forum intended to help connect the world's civic organizations engaged in monitoring, supporting and opening up their countries' parliaments and legislative institutions. Greg Brown, who works on open governance and open Parliament in October 2013 posted a write-up on the site about Kenya's open data portal. In his opinion, the portal was floundering. However, he was quick to point out that it can still succeed. In his article, he argued that the Kenyan government had a harmful culture of secrecy. He singled out the Official Secrecy Act which had been inherited from the colonial government. This Act prevented government employees from sharing official information. This, he added, had starved the portal of much needed information. (2)
Sources
(1) http://www.ogphub.org/blog/africa-ogp-kicks-off/
(2) http://blog.openingparliament.org/post/63629369190/why-kenyas-open-data-portal-is-failing-and-why-it
(3) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/kenya"
"Kenya","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",1,"Regional governments, established under the new constitution in 2013, are still trying to find their footing across Kenya. However, Nairobi county already have a portal which has information about the city such as: How to acquire permits, information about county laws, the governor's profile, the county assembly and various departments within the city (1). Even so, this is not yet a source of significant open data.
Sources
(1)http://nairobi.go.ke/
Date retrieved June 27, 2014"
"Kenya","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"Although Open Data initiative was launched in July 2011 and it hosts more than 430 government datasets (1) , the initiative has shown low success rates with users mainly as a result of factors such as lack of political goodwill, unfavourable social settings, low technical skill among the users, lack of readily usable datasets and outdated data. Under this circumstances, it is difficult for an entrepreneur to use the platform to build new businesses in the country. This finding arose out of an assessment carried out by iHub research. (2)
Sources
(1) opendata.go.ke
(2) Kenya's low consumption of data. Author; Christine Mahihu. Publication; iHub. Date of publication; October 22, 2013. http://www.ihub.co.ke/blog/2013/10/kenyas-low-consumption-of-open-data/
Date retrieved; July 3, 2014"
"Kenya","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",4,"There is some evidence of training available for individuals/businesses wishing to increase their skills or build businesses to use open data (1). Data Bootcamp, for journalists, was pioneered in Kenya before spreading across Africa (2). Code for Kenya places fellows, who are computer or data experts, in media and civil society organizations to improve the hosts use and understanding of open government data in Kenya (3). However, this is all very small scale.
Sources:
(1) http://sunlightfoundation.com/blog/2013/09/23/why-kenyas-open-data-portal-is-failing-and-why-it-can-still-succeed/ accessed 15 August 2014.
(2) http://nairobi.dbootcamp.org/
(3) http://www.code4kenya.org/?page_id=6"
"Kenya","ODB.2013.I.GOV",1,"OpeningParliament.org is a forum intended to help connect the world's civic organizations engaged in monitoring, supporting and opening up their countries' parliaments and legislative institutions.
Greg Brown, who works on open governance and open Parliament in October 2013 posted a write-up on the site about Kenya's open data portal. In his opinion, the portal was floundering. However, he was quick to point out that it can still succeed. In his article, he argued that the Kenyan government had a harmful culture of secrecy. He singled out the Official Secrecy Act which had been inherited from the colonial government. This Act prevented government employees from sharing official information. This, he added, had starved the portal of much needed information. (1)
A news article (2) extensively quotes Information and Communication Cabinet Secretary, Dr Fred Matiang'i saying reluctance by public organizations to release data is frustrating the Kenya Open Data Initiative two years after it was launched. The official said the ministry was experiencing difficulties getting information from public institutions yet data is collected using tax payers money. He spoke at a forum organized by his ministry. More than 100 delegates from African countries attended the forum.
From these remarks issued by a senior government official, it is clear the Open Data Initiative in Kenya has not had any noticeable impact on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness.
Sources
(1) http://blog.openingparliament.org/post/63629369190/why-kenyas-open-data-portal-is-failing-and-why-it
(2) ""Open Data Initiative being frustrated"", May 29, 2013, http://www.nation.co.ke/business/news/Open-Data-Initiative-being-frustrated-says-Matiangi/-/1006/1866216/-/menwxz/-/index.html"
"Kenya","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",2,"Media reports and reports from two international organizations are categorical there has been little or no impact as far as noticeable impact on increasing transparency and accountability in the country is concerned. This is because the country is facing challenges when it comes to proactively providing information through the portal. Therefore, it is difficult the measure the impact levels of the open data portal which was launched in Kenya in July 2011. However, there is one example: the publication of public finance audited accounts 2010/11 in the portal did raise important debate both outside and inside parliament and increased transparency and questioning of government actions. There has been some increased transparency and some accountability for example after the publication of county expenditures, Governors have been called by the Senate Committee to account for such expenditures especially in counties where there were serious anomalies. (1).
A news article published in the Daily Nation says there is lack of data in Kenya which hampers planning. The article quotes Prof Mwangi Kimenyi, a senior fellow with Brookings Institution who says he encountered challenges when trying to access data which form the background of making decisions. It also quotes Jason Lakin of International Budget Partnerships who has always questioned failure by Treasury and the Commission of Revenue Allocation (CRA)to make public the data that has formed the basis for a lot of decision making touching on devolution. (2)
Another article was published by the Government's news agency. Kenya News Agency (KNA)also quoted Lakin, the IBP Programme Officer urging government ministries to improve transparency in National Budget Implementation. Also quoted in the article is the Kenya Aids NGO’s Consortium (KANCO) Policy and advocacy Manager, Margaret Kabue who challenged treasury to make budget proposal more transparent by expanding public engagement and parliamentary oversight. The two spoke during the National Budget presentation towards improved transparency in Kenya for year 2014/2015 in Nairobi. (3)
Article 19, an international organization with a bias on freedom of information and expression says there has been limited progress on enabling access to information and transparency regimes. The organization has presented an individual submission to the universal periodic review on Kenya for consideration at the 21st session of the UN working group in January-February 2015. In the write-up, it points out that the Kenyan government committed to the Open Government Partnership-a global multilateral initiative to secure concrete commitments from governments to promote transparency, empower citizens, fight corruption and harness new technologies to strengthen governance. As much as the portal has been lauded as the most significant steps Kenya has made to improve governance and implement Kenya's constitutional guarantee of access to information, the portal is not frequently updated due to poor coordination and unwillingness by most state departments to proactively provide information. In addition, the government has not reported on the status of the implementation of the country action plan through which it made commitment to enact Access to Information Bill 2013 and Data Protection Bill 2013. (4)
Even so, some organizations like Ushahidi a non profit organization have also used open data to track elections in order to ensure transparency (5).
Sources
(1) https://opendata.go.ke/browse?category=Public+Finance&utf8=%E2%9C%93
(2)Kenya’s lack of data hampers planning. Publication; Daily Nation. Author; Muthoki Mumo. Date of publication; November, 2, 2013 Link: http://mobile.nation.co.ke/business/Kenya-lack-of-data-hampers-planning/-/1950106/2057858/-/format/xhtml/-/15rt018/-/index.html. Date retrieved June 23, 2014
(3) Ministries urged to apply transparency rule in budget implementation. Published by Kenya News Agency (website. Date of publication; June 23, 2014. Author Fredrick Muoki, Link: http://kenyanewsagency.go.ke/?p=24023. Date retrieved June 23, 2014
(4)http://www.article19.org/data/files/annual_reports_and_accounts/ARTICLE_19_Individual_Submission.pdf
Date retrieved June 23, 2014.
(5)http://blog.usaid.gov/2013/01/at-datajam-innovators-and-entrepreneurs-unleash-open-data-for-global-development/"
"Kenya","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"We find that the Kenyan government has in place the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) whose role is to implement all policies relating to environment. In its website, it has two crucial documents; Environmental Audit and Environment Impact Assessment (EIA). The document on Environmental Audit provides periodic and objective evaluation of how far activities and processes of on-going projects conform with approved environment management plan of that specific project as well as sound environment practices. Through this document, different organizations are able to know how the environmental auditor appraises projects to ensure they comply with environmental regulatory frameworks, standards, health and safety measures and sustainable use of natural resources. On the other hand, EIA ensures that the decisions on proposed projects and activities are environmentally sustainable. (1)
However, as much as these documents are available, there is still a major challenge as far as impact of open data on environmental sustainability is concerned. There is no noticeable impact. An article published in America's Internews website is a clear testimony of what is happening on the ground as far as this issue is concerned. The article states that although Kenya has identified new natural resources, its biggest find yet, data about those resources are not available. The author of the article claims he spoke with a Senior Turkana county government official who allegedly told him the Governor's office has access to geo-located oil drilling data but the information is confidential and restricted to a small circle. The writer further refers to the official agreement between Ministry of Energy and a foreign oil company. According to Land Quest team, they have in their possession a document on commitment to continued secrecy. (2)
Sources
(1) http://www.nema.go.ke/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=333:ea&catid=123:environment-impact-assessment
http://www.nema.go.ke/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=123&id=332
(2) Kenya open data initiative falters, shrouding oil industry in mystery. Publication; Internews Land Quest. Date of publication; January 9, 2014. Author Shitemi Khamadi, http://landquest.internewskenya.org/the-smoke-and-mirrors-that-keep-the-kenya-open-data-legend-alive/#!/loc=-1.2520220000000168,36.893339514220784,17"
"Kenya","ODB.2013.I.INC",1,"It is apparent that there is little noticeable impact on increasing the inclusion of marginalized groups in policy making and accessing government services. This is because the government appears to have done little to educate the public concerning the existence of the open data portal and its benefits. Many Kenyans are unaware of the existence of the open data portal and they therefore do not use it. The government has also not been updating the data in the portal.
There is a project called Majidata where the poor have been involved. The Ministry of Water and Irrigation together with GIZ, UN Habitat and Google among others set it up believing that a pro-poor urban database is necessary. It informs and empowers residents of underserved low income areas as well as having access to detailed data on their area and being able to compare their area with other low income areas. This assists residents to approach their service provider and demand for improved services and ensures the Water Service Providers prepare realistic water supply sanitation project proposals for specific low income areas.(1)
Jesuit Hakimani Centre on June 29, 2013 published a report (2) on early findings it obtained from mapping out how open data might reach marginalised communities and impact governance. From the report, there are indications of numerous initiatives at different levels of the society geared towards encouraging governments and the public sector to make their data open to the public. Research findings suggest that the citizens do seek and use government information in different domains of their lives and that more and better government information is fundamental to enhancing effective public participation in the marginalized areas covered in this study. From the study, it emerges that there is a mismatch between the data citizens want to have and the data the government and other intermediaries have availed. It is also clear from the research that most people go to local information intermediaries instead of going directly to the government data portals. Individuals living in the rural areas are much less likely to seek out government information. However, questions still abound about impact of the same. Arising issues ranged from how open data can be linked to improved service delivery to accountability and transparency. It also emerged that in some sections of the society the infrastructure on which data is accessed is important. It therefore appeared from the early findings that the gap between the data provider and users is still wide especially when it comes to disadvantaged communities who live in informal sectors.
Sources
(1)http://www.majidata.go.ke/information.php?MID=MTA=
Date retrieved June 23, 2014
(2)Open government data for effective public participation. Findings of a case study research investigating the Kenya's open data initiative in urban slums and rural settlements. Author; Jesuit Hakimani Centre. Date of publication; April 2014. Link: http://www.jesuithakimani.net/index.php?option=com_jdownloads&Itemid=62&view=finish&cid=20&catid=3&m=0
Date retrieved: June 23, 2014"
"Kenya","ODB.2013.I.ECON",1,"A news article published in The Standard last September (1) said a research by Jesuit Hakimani shows that majority of Kenyans do not use the platform that makes state data accessible to the public. The research carried out by Jesuit Hakimani says the Kenyans interviewed do not know about the open data government portal. Open data makes state information available to members of the public in the process addressing information gap between the government and its citizens.
With such findings, it is clear there are no noticeable positive impact of open data on the economy because the number of individuals using this information are very few. As much as the study indicates that 45.2 percent agreed that open data portal provides useful information, only 14 percent of those interviewed used the portal.
Source
(1)Survey: Kenyans not using State data portal. Author;Mark Kapchanja, Publication; The Standard newspaper; Date published: September 13, 2013. Link http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000093448&story_title=survey-kenyans-not-using-state-data-portal&pageNo=1
Date retrieved: June 23, 2014"
"Kenya","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",1,"Although Open Data initiative was launched in July 2011 and it hosts more than 430 government datasets on opendata.go.ke, the initiative has shown low success rates with users mainly as a result of factors such as lack of political goodwill, unfavourable social settings, low technical skill among the users, lack of readily usable datasets and outdated data. Under this circumstances, it is difficult for an entrepreneur to use the platform to build new businesses in the country. This finding arose out of an assessment carried out by iHub research. (1)
There are nevertheless some suggestions that a few entrepreneurs have used open data to build new businesses and apps in the country, for example from the former Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Information and Communication (2) (3).
Sources
(1)Kenya's low consumption of data. Author; Christine Mahihu. Publication; iHub. Date of publication; October 22, 2013. Link: http://www.ihub.co.ke/blog/2013/10/kenyas-low-consumption-of-open-data/
Date retrieved; July 3, 2014
(2) http://www.princeton.edu/successfulsocieties/content/focusareas/CS/oralhistories/view.xml?id=415 accessed 15 August 2014.
(3) https://opendata.go.ke/community-apps accessed 15 August 2014."
"Kenya","ODB.2013.C.DPL",4,"Kenya has been drafting its Data Protection Bill which is now ready for adoption. Early this month, Cabinet Secretary for Information and Communication, Dr Fred Matiang'i was quoted saying the government was working to implement the legislation. The Bill ensures every person's data is secured according to the Constitution and ensure privacy. It is now heading to Parliament for debate (1).
Currently, however, there remain serious concerns over data confidentiality (2).
Sources
(1) Kenya's data protection bill ready for adoption. Publication; IT Web Africa. Author; Vincent Matinde. Date of publication; May 5, 2014
Link: http://www.itwebafrica.com/ict-and-governance/256-kenya/232836-kenyas-data-protection-bill-ready-for-adoption
(2) http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/article-132737/data-bill-delay-denies-kenya-outsourcing-job-contracts accessed 15 AUgust 2014.
(3) Global Data Privacy Directory, Norton Rose Flbright (2014) - http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf"
"Kenya","ODB.2013.C.RTI",4,"The 2010 Kenyan Constitution is clear when it comes to Freedom of Information. Section 35 states that every citizen has the right of access to information held by the State and Information held by another person and required for the exercise or protection of any right or fundamental freedom (1). Nevertheless, accessing information from the government and its agencies remains a major challenge without a concrete law to support the implementation of the right as outlined in the Constitution.
I) The Constitution
Article 35 (2) States that every person has the right to the correction or deletion of untrue or misleading information that affects the person
Article 35 (3) Says the State shall publish and publicise any important information affecting the nation.
The process of developing and enacting a FOI law has taken more than 10 years and is still on with various efforts by the state and civil society organizations. The Access to information bill 2012 has been developed and is in the process of being published for parliamentary debate (at the time of this research) (3).
Nevertheless, some FOI requests are honoured. A publication, Nairobi Law Monthly went to court seeking for orders compelling a state parastatal, Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen)to furnish it with information regarding certain contracts entered between it and various companies for the purpose of drilling geothermal wells. In a ruling dated May 13, 2013, a High Court Judge in Nairobi ruled that the parastatal had an obligation on request of the citizen to provide access to information under Article 35 (1) (a) of the Constitution. Justice Mumbi Ngugi said: "" A natural person who is a citizen of Kenya is entitled to seek information under Article 35 (1) (a) from the respondent (KenGen) and the respondent, unless it can show reasons related to a legitimate aim for not disclosing such information is under a constitutional obligation to provide the information sought."" (2)
Sources
(1) https://www.kenyaembassy.com/pdfs/The%20Constitution%20of%20Kenya.pdf
(2) http://kenyalaw.org/CaseSearch/view_preview1.php?link=20824673394189793734916
(3) http://www.icj-kenya.org/index.php/media-centre/news/566-access-to-information-bill-in-kenya-to-be-tabled-in-parliament"
"Korea","ODB.2013.C.INIT",8,"In June 2013 the administration of President Park Geun-hye announced an initiative called ""Government 3.0,"" which calls for the release of more information disclosures before, as opposed to after, a formal request is made; 100 million information disclosures per year compared to 310,000 in 2012, the release of more data for entrepreneurial use, and the more proactive collection of private sector opinions on public sector information disclosure projects. [1]
These changes are being put into force through the Act on Promoting Availability and the Use of Public Data, enacted in October 2013, with explicit backing from the office of the President. The Ministry of Public Security and Administration is the coordinating body with dedicated staff and budgets. [2] [3] However, as of January 2014, MOSPA has achieved what it calls a ""data opening rate” of 16 percent, or 3397 data disclosures, still too low for the government's information disclosure practices to be considered truly open, although this still marks a strong improvement.
Given the amount of resources being put into Government 3.0 and the improvements already underway, this category deserves a high score.
This is despite some concerns from civil society organizations over whether the President and senior government officials will resist information disclosures that cover politically sensitive topics and the Open Government Parntership IRM report notes that ""CSOs agreed that the government releases noteworthy sums of information through its open data website. However, they questioned the commitment itself, wondering why the text is unmeasurable and leaves out a list of clear deliverables.” [4]
## Sources
(1): ""Gov’t to widen administrative data transparency,"" Government of the Republic of Korea. http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Policies/view?articleId=109276
(2): 공공데이터의 제공 및 이용 활성화에 관한 법률 (An Act Promoting Availability and Use of Public Data), law.go.kr, http://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=142444#0000
(3): Ser, MJ, and Kim, WB, 2013. ""Park unveils ‘Government 3.0’"" http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2973371
(4): Cain, G. 2014. Independent Reporting Mechanism country report: South Korea, Open Government Partnership. http://www.opengovpartnership.org/files/southkoreaogpirmpubliccommentengpdf/download"
"Korea","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",6,"The Ministry of Public Administration and Security (MOSPA) says it has been conducting ""field visits"" to areas outside Seoul, which are often distant and remote areas, engaging with civil society and ICT professionals on open data and broader government matters. This principle was encoded as a coordinated but vaguely worded campaign in the government's National Action Plan for the Open Government Partnership, publicized in 2012 and implemented through March 2014. [1]
However, in interviews during the research period, a handful of the biggest and most vocal open data and transparency CSOs said they were not consulted by the government, were not aware whom exactly was consulted, but said that they had vaguely heard of ongoing consultations regarding the ""Government 3.0"" project.
Still, groups such as Open Net Korea and CC Korea are actively calling for better government engagement as part of a coordinated campaign, hosting a slew of open data outreach events and activities. [2] Some CSOs have worked closely with the Seoul Metropolitan Government on the issue, which is a global leader in the open data field and regularly engages with the user community through coding contests and consultations. [3]
[1] Republic of Korea, 2012. ""Open Government Partnership: National Action Plan,"" http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/south-korea, accessed 21 May 2014.
[2] Jung, Diane Daye; Lim, Young Jae; and Park, KS, group interview with the author at a public CSO stakeholder forum, 7 October 2013. Summary of stakeholder forum can be found in the Open Government Partnership's Independent Reporting Mechanism report on South Korea, pp. 55-56, http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/south-korea/progress-report/report, accessed 12 June 2014.
[3] Contreras, V. 2013. ""Naked project: Seoul mayor shows how transparency works,"" Philippine Daily Inquirer, September 22, http://globalnation.inquirer.net/86233/naked-project-seoul-mayor-shows-how-transparency-works, accessed 21 May 2014."
"Korea","ODB.2013.C.CITY",5,"During the research period, an activist from Creative Commons Korea said that the central government did not hold any known open data-related competitions, grants or other funding schemes. However, two or more government agencies (MOSPA and NIA) held at least two events during the research period, [1] [2] though the fact that multiple open-data activists have been unaware of these events in interviews suggest they are not widely promoted. Meanwhile, the Seoul municipal government has held multiple smart phone app and coding contests during the research period. These do not directly relate to open data but can be construed as some attempt at intervention to support a broader culture of innovation [3].
[1] http://www.startupidea.kr/
[2] http://bigdathon.kbig.kr/
[3] Jung, Diane Daye, interview with the researcher, 2 June 2014."
"Korea","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",6,"The Seoul Municipal Government has been recognized in recent years, and throughout the research period, as a global leader in open data. Seoul's open data initiative has strong political backing from the mayor and is well-resourced, with the city holding the chairmanship of the World e-Government Organization of Cities and Local Governments (WeGO) and hosting its secretariat. [1] However, not as many other regions or cities are home to an organized open data effort run by civil society or governments and carrying political backing, although many provinces and localities such as Gyeonggi province do have them. [2] Civil society groups lament the concentration of open data efforts in Seoul, although they note that Daejeon, a technological center of South Korea, is also home to a small and fledgling push for open data. [3]
[1] Contreras, V. 2013. ""Naked project: Seoul mayor shows how transparency works,"" Philippine Daily Inquirer, September 22, http://globalnation.inquirer.net/86233/naked-project-seoul-mayor-shows-how-transparency-works, accessed 21 May 2014.
[2] Gyeonggi province open data portal. http://data.gg.go.kr.
[3] Cain, G. 2014. Independent Reporting Mechanism country report: South Korea, Open Government Partnership, http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/south-korea/progress-report/report, accessed 2 June 2014."
"Korea","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",7,"As part of the Government 3.0 project, the administration of President Park Geun-hye, the Ministry of Public Administration and Security (MOSPA) and National Information Society Agency (NISA) have prioritized disclosing and disseminating public information to assist businesses and individuals. Under the plan, ""disclosure"" is the default state for many documents, rather than being kept secret until an FOI request is made. [1] However, under the project, access to formal training on open data issues is limited and not directly included in the national strategy. Given that the South Korean open data movement is generally small and restricted mostly to Seoul, civil society organizations and private businesses have similarly not established widespread basic and advanced training courses in a range of cities and locations across the country. [2] This situation is improving, however, following the signing of an MOU between the UK-based Open Data Institute and the National Information Society Agency (NISA) in November 2013, which includes the development of a specialized open data training curriculum for businesses and individuals, and support for open data-driven businesses and startups. [3]
[1] Ministry of Security and Public Administration (MOSPA), 2013. ""What is Government 3.0?"" https://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CEsQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov30.go.kr%2Fgov30%2Fcmm%2Ffms%2FFileDown.do%3Bjsessionid%3D7164645AF1082FB9879B21090874219A.node02%3FatchFileId%3DFILE_000000000005151%26fileSn%3D0&ei=8DueU5_WFIWnyASZgYG4AQ&usg=AFQjCNH4rkma08gbgy3K1atBji0KNvgoKg&sig2=WIlGzxfFlb9MJMryxqLx_w&bvm=bv.68911936,d.aWw&cad=rjt, accessed 3 June 2014.
[2] Jung, Diane Daye; Lim, Young Jae; and Park, KS, group interview with the author at a public CSO stakeholder forum, 7 October 2013. Summary of stakeholder forum can be found in the Open Government Partnership's Independent Reporting Mechanism report on South Korea, pp. 55-56, http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/south-korea/progress-report/report, accessed 12 June 2014.
[3] Ng, K. 2013. ""South Korea, NGO sign agreement on open data,"" Futuregov Asia Pacific, 15 November, http://www.futuregov.asia/articles/2013/nov/15/south-korea-ngo-sign-agreement-open-data/, accessed 2 June 2014"
"Korea","ODB.2013.I.GOV",4,"Given the recent implementation of Government 3.0, along with government open data initiatives, in October 2013, it is too early to firmly connect open data to an improvement in government efficiency or to determine it a success, according to one scholar [1]. Research for the Open Government Partnership suggests the civil society perception that government efficiency is improving somewhat or that there are expectations that it will improve in the near future, but no concrete peer-reviewed studies or government-led case studies to the researcher's knowledge have demonstrated this yet [2].
Recently, the central and local governments, and public agencies, had released about 16 percent of all databases, a number that the Ministry of Security and Public Administration hopes to improve to 60 percent or 21,000 databases by 2016 [3]. While it is too early to cite any ""significant contributions"" to government efficiency, interviews with CSOs and research from the Open Government Partnership offers anecdotal and perception-based evidence of an improvement [2].
[1] Nam, TW. 2013. ""Government 3.0 in Korea: Fad or fashion?"" In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2591896, accessed 2 June 2014.
[2] Cain, G. 2014. Independent Reporting Mechanism country report: South Korea, Open Government Partnership, http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/south-korea/progress-report/report, accessed 2 June 2014.
[3] Kim, SY. 2013. ""Lessons from Government 3.0,"" presentation by the Ministry of Security and Public Administration, date unclear, https://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov30.go.kr%2Fgov30%2Fcmm%2Ffms%2FFileDown.do%3Bjsessionid%3D7164645AF1082FB9879B21090874219A.node02%3FatchFileId%3DFILE_000000000005151%26fileSn%3D0&ei=R2-eU8P3FdGgyASOmIHYBQ&usg=AFQjCNH4rkma08gbgy3K1atBji0KNvgoKg&sig2=8mqyFJQGIcoLZJTX7RZTKA&bvm=bv.68911936,d.aWw&cad=rjt"
"Korea","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",3,"The national-level Government 3.0 program, and its open data component of wide-reaching disclosure, is still new to South Korea as of its enactment in October 2013, and it is difficult to pinpoint a noticeable impact in government transparency and accountability in the months since then, with no peer-reviewed studies to the author's knowledge.
Interviews with civil society organizations during the research period suggest an improvement in the efficiency of information disclosure, with the new Open Data Act requiring the automatic disclosure of certain types of environment, health and non-national security information rather than always requiring an FOI request. These data are easily accessible on the government website data.go.kr [1].
However, civil society organizations were also unsettled by an unusual number of state corruption and other scandals in the nation's intelligence agency, nuclear industry, and ""Four Rivers Project"" throughout the research period, suggesting that the government has not yet connected open data to a broader push for improved efficiency, delivery of public services, and anti-corruption [1].
[1] Cain, G. 2014. Independent Reporting Mechanism country report: South Korea, Open Government Partnership, http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/south-korea/progress-report/report, accessed 2 June 2014."
"Korea","ODB.2013.I.ENV",2,"The Government 3.0 campaign included the massive release of environmental data, but again, there are not yet any case studies, peer-reviewed studies or media reports that directly connect open data to any firm successes in environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, the increase in the number of disclosures is significant and CSOs close to the issue perceive an overall improvement, meriting greater than a 0 score [1]. At the same time, a government audit found that the massive and $20 billion ""Four Rivers Restoration Project"" was ridden with corruption, poor construction, and failed to meet its goal of revitalizing the water and ecosystems of Korea's four rivers. The lack of environmental success stories during the research period indicate, by extension, that open data has likely not had much of an impact on environmental sustainability yet [2].
[1] Cain, G. 2014. Independent Reporting Mechanism country report: South Korea, Open Government Partnership, http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/south-korea/progress-report/report, accessed 2 June 2014.
[2] Kang, HK. 2013. ""4-river project a failure: audit,"" Korea Times, 17 January, http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/01/116_129047.html, accessed 2 June 2014 [Event came before the research period, but is the biggest recent example of secrecy and a lack of data leading to a serious environmental failure. Since then there have been no documented and proven examples of environmental sustainability thanks to government open data projects.]"
"Korea","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"The government and private scholars have not articulated in case studies how open data, promulgated in the October 2013 Open Data Act and Government 3.0 project, have increased the inclusion of marginalized groups in policy making and accessing government services. Marginalized communities were similarly not mentioned as a target group for open data in the government's National Action Plan for the Open Government Partnership [1].
However, the Open Data Act is a recent development and it is too early to cal open data a failure in increasing the participation of marginalized groups.
[1] Republic of Korea, 2012. ""Open Government Partnership: National Action Plan,"" http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/south-korea, accessed 21 May 2014."
"Korea","ODB.2013.I.ECON",2,"Given the recent implementation of the Open Data Act in October 2013, there are so far no known examples of new businesses starting with open data as their primary input, or two or more existing businesses in the country attributing growth to open data.
However, in the plan for Government 3.0 first unveiled in June 2013, the administration of President Park Geun-hye prioritized greater information disclosures that would directly assist entrepreneurs and the economy, a term she called the ""creative economy."" [1] [2] Nevertheless, it is too early to measure any significant results from this endeavor, despite its large scale and ambition [3].
(1) ""Gov’t to widen administrative data transparency,"" Government of the Republic of Korea. http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Policies/view?articleId=109276
(2) Ser, MJ, and Kim, WB, 2013. ""Park unveils ‘Government 3.0’"" http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2973371
[3] Nam, TW. 2013. ""Government 3.0 in Korea: Fad or fashion?"" In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2591896, accessed 2 June 2014."
"Korea","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",5,"It is too early to document a rise in the number of businesses during the research period built around open data, following the implementation of the Open Data Act in October 2013. A large number of mobile app start-ups and larger companies, such as Seoul Bus, Daum/Naver Maps, and Jihachul, are built largely around open data in mapping and public transportation. However, these apps have been operating since before the research period, and the researcher could not locate any successful and thriving new businesses (founded during the research period, and especially after the passage of the Open Data Act) based around open data.
Sources:
(1) Republic of Korea, 2013. 공공데이터의 제공 및 이용 활성화에 관한 법률 (English: An Act Promoting Availability and Use of Public Data) http://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=142444#0000
(2) Yoo, Juwan. 2013. Seoul Bus App. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/seoul-bus-3-metropolitan-bus/id340701877?mt=8 or http://seoulb.us/ Accessed 31, July 2014
(3) Daum Maps. http://map.daum.net/ Accessed 31, July 2014
(4) Naver Maps. http://maps.naver.com/ Accessed 31, July 2014
(5) Jihachul (Korean subway app). https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.imagedrome.jihachul&hl=en Accessed 31, July 2014"
"Korea","ODB.2013.C.DPL",8,"South Korea's regulatory framework for the protection of personal data is generally robust, and was put to the test twice in 2014 with two major data leaks. In January 2014, the Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) suspended three credit card firms from issuing new credit cards for three months as punishment for a leak of the personal information of 20 million people (equivalent to more than one-third of the country's population). [1] In April 2014, a second round of 17,000 information leaks occurred at Citibank and the Industrial Bank of Korea. [2] Authorities were able to punish the perpetrators swiftly thanks in part to the 2012 passage of the Personal Information Protection Act, covering both the whole of the private and public sectors for the first time and exceeding OECD standards. The law calls for mandatory data breach notifications, an explicit opt-in consent for customers in company databases, the requirement of hiring privacy compliance officers, and the right of redress through a clear and well-structured mediation system. [3] Still, one former member of the Korean Communications Commission, the body that regulates the Internet, expressed concern that South Korea is at continued risk for big data breaches, despite the improved legal framework, because online transactions often require the use of the resident registration number (RRN), the national ID code that can give hackers access to others' personal identities. [4]
[1] Agence France-Presse. 2014. ""S. Korean credit card firms punished for data leak,"" published 21 January 2014, http://phys.org/news/2014-02-korean-credit-card-firms-leak.html, accessed 3 June 2014.
[2] Cha, SJ. 2014. ""Citigroup Says Client Data Leaked at Korean Consumer Credit Unit,"" published 13 April 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-14/citigroup-says-client-data-leaked-at-korean-consumer-credit-unit.html, accessed 12 June 2014.
[3] Greenleaf, G and Won, IP. 2012. ""Korea's New Act: Asia's Toughest Privacy Law,"" in Privacy Laws & Business International Report, Issue 117, 1-6,, June 2012, UNSW Law Research Paper No. 2012-28, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2120983.
[4] Park, KY. 2014. Interview with the researcher, 29 May 2014."
"Korea","ODB.2013.C.RTI",8,"South Korea was an early actor to to pass a freedom of information law, called the The Act on Disclosure of Information by Public Agencies, in 1996, following a 1989 Constitutional Court ruling that interpreted freedom of information to be a constitutional right. The FOI requires that civil servants respond to requests within a reasonable time frame of 10 and lays down clear administrative rules for responding to requests. However, one legal scholar specializing in FOI and transparency, Park Kyung-sin, expressed concern over vague rules that allow ministers to classify information in bulk under the authority and name of the president, hindering efforts to get the government to release more sensitive files. Furthermore, broad national security provisions in the 1948 National Security Law and other laws appear to conflict with the principles of the FOI law and 1989 Constitutional Court ruling, allowing for broad classification of material deemed sensitive for national security or North Korean affairs even if that information is in the public interest. (1) (2) (3)
(1) http://techpresident.com/news/wegov/23538/south-korean-digital-activists-work-google-toward-digital-freedom
(2) Park Kyung-sin, interview with the author, 2 June 2014
(3) Youm, Kyu Ho, Access to Information and Freedom of Expression: The Case of South Korea Since 1996 (March 15, 2010). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2067875 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2067875"
"Malawi","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"Malawi does not have a government wide Open Government Data Initiative, but there is some activity at the ministry level.
There is an on going sectoral open data initiative in which the government (the Ministry of Finance of Malawi) has partnered with AidData towards addressing the demand of increased transparency and improved geographic funding information: 'The Ministry of Finance of Malawi led the efforts to geocode the aid activities of nearly 30 donors within the Malawi Aid Management Platform. Mapping this information empowers stakeholders by enabling them to better understand the allocation of development assistance.'[1]
There have been developments on open data movements in Malawi in that last year (July 4th, 2013) the Open Government Partnership(OGP) has accepted the government of Malawi's letter of intent sent to join the partnership[3][4].
There is also evolving open data initiatives by the African Development Bank Group where Malawi is one of the 54 countries the regional level open data initiative has been designed for. The African Development Bank Group open data initiative right now houses limited amount of open data for 54 African countries and Malawi is one of them[2].Also, according to the reviewer, the World Bank has supported Malawi govt (Statistics Office) to build the Malawi Spatial Data Platform (‘MASDAP) (see: http://www.masdap.mw/), a cloud-based platform populated with Bank + govt-surfaced / cleaned Malawi-specific data. The current scope is environmental (natural resources, environment, water, soil, topography, etc), but their ambitions are far broader. A 'Working Plan' has been developed to solvethe hosting issue (which also includes guidance / preferences on metadata, adding more departmental data from projects / analytical studies from WBG, and includes awareness-raising + training). The World
Bank has supported the development and incubation of the 'Malawi Climate Atlas' (see: http://wbes922o.worldbank.org/malawi_portal/) for eventual hand-over to govt. It’s important to mention that the Malawi govt is considering creation of a National Data Center (i.e. all data surfaced by ministries would flow to central Center for cleaning / quality control & then (possibly) integrated onto central platform that's as-yet undeveloped, but potentially MASDAP). Complementary efforts to support legal regimes supporting Open Data are under development. The 'Malawi Data Working Group' (comprising reps from the National Statistical Office, Ministries, including Water, etc), and WBG are working toward these ends, including support from UNDP. The Bank office has already provided technical training to members of the Working Group (on the functionality of the MASDAP platform) in January 2013.Malawi also has a 'GIS Working Group', driven by colleagues from Forestry. See also: Malawi Aid Mapping-
http://www.aiddata.org/content/index/Maps/malawi. The 'Open Aid Partnership is data from 24 donors has been mapped and overlaid. This initiative is affiliated with AidData(see: http://www.openaidmap.org/mappingMalawi.html). It is likewise affiliated / linked with another aid mapping initiative in Malawi called
the 'Aid Management Platform' (see: http://www.developmentgateway.org/about/Case-Studies/AMP-Malawi).
Sources
[1]: AidData, http://www.aiddata.org/content/index/Maps/malawi
[2]: Open Data for Malawi(the African Develoment Bank Group open data initiative), http://malawi.opendataforafrica.org/.
[3]: Open Government Partneship(OGP), http://www.opengovpartnership.org/news, July 04, 2013.
[4]: Malawi's Government Letter, http://www.opengovpartnership.org/countries/malawi."
"Malawi","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",1,"""There is no evidence of extensive engagement on Open Data in Malawi between the government and other parties since mid-2013, although officials and civil society did jointly participate in at least one externally organised open data bootcamp in June 2013 (3)
The E-Government Department nonetheless states that it recognises that the Internet is the public space of the modern world. Conversely, the Internet allows citizens to participate more fully in government. E-Government Department will put attention to making appropriate public data available in a standardized electronic format for public consumption. This initiative is expected to increase civil discourse, improve public welfare, and provide more efficient use of public resources. (1) (2).
Sources
(1): The baseline National ICT Master Plan 2013
(2): National ICT Policy
(3) : http://openinstitute.com/ghana-and-malawi-data-bootcamp/, accessed 24 August 2014."
"Malawi","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"There are no city, regional and local government open data initiatives (1).
Sources
(1): Interview with ICT Expert, Ministry of Information, Lilongwe 4th June 2014"
"Malawi","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"There are no projects of this nature running in the period 2013/2014 (1). The government Open Data policy remains too general, and not enough open data has yet been published to make this worthwhile.
Sources
(1): http://www.nyasatimes.com/2013/12/27/mzunis-mhango-scoops-ict-award-for-inventing-software/, accessed June 10, 2014"
"Malawi","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",3,"There is almost no open data training available. One open data bootcamp for Malawi has taken place (1). Some general university courses on data management are available, but nothing specifically on open data (2).
Sources
(1) http://openinstitute.com/ghana-and-malawi-data-bootcamp/ accessed 24 August 2014.
(2) http://www.chanco.unima.mw/administration/Announcement.php?AnnouncementID=38&Source=Chancellor_College&AdministrationID=1 accessed 24 August 2014."
"Malawi","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Open data initiatives are yet to take root in Malawi, so there is no impact."
"Malawi","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"Open data initiatives are yet to take root in Malawi, so there is no impact."
"Malawi","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Open data initiatives are yet to take root in Malawi, so there is no impact."
"Malawi","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Open data initiatives are yet to take root in Malawi, particularly for marginalised groups which rarely have internet access, so there is no impact."
"Malawi","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"Open data initiatives are yet to take root in Malawi, so there is no impact."
"Malawi","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"Open data initiatives are yet to take root in Malawi, so there is no impact."
"Malawi","ODB.2013.C.DPL",5,"There is a regulatory framework for protection of personal data.
In the case of Kasambara vs. the State, the court directed two mobile phone network operators, Airtel Malawi Limited and TNM, to furnish him with call logs of Mphwiyo and Lutepo for the period between June 1 and September 30 2013. It is not clear if the network operators are privy to the contents of the calls. (1)
Though the issue of the CIRMS machine by MACRA raised a lot of fears about privacy violations, it was clarified that personal data was safe. The country is also in the process of developing various e-legislation instruments with a focus on data privacy, digital signature management, as well as other aspects of cybersecurity. (2)
It has to be noted also that the E-transaction bill has been drafted and approved by Cabinet pending Parliament debate and passing later in 2014. (3)
The National ICT Policy was launched in February 2014 in Malawi. The Vice President called on ICT experts to develop Anti-Cyber Crime Technologies. (4)
Sources
(1): http://www.malawitoday.com/news/130422-former-justice-minister-ralph-kasambara-accuses-mphwiyo-lutepo-intimidation, accessed June 10, 2014
(2): http://www.nyasatimes.com/2011/10/19/injunction-against-telecom-operators-on-spy-machine/, accessed June 6, 2014
(3): Interview, Government Official, Ministry of Information, 3rd June 2014, Lilongwe
(4): Khumbo Kachali during the launch of the ICT week in Lilongwe, http://allafrica.com/stories/201402070202.html, accessed June 6, 2014"
"Malawi","ODB.2013.C.RTI",3,"Section 37 of the Constitution of the Republic of Malawi says, “Subject to any Act of Parliament, every person shall have the right of access to all information held by the State or any of its organs at any level of Government in so far as such information is required for the exercise of his rights”
But according to lawyer Kelvin Sentala, to date Government has not enacted legislation in order to give substance and effect to the right, despite attempts by the Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) and other bodies to ensure statutory protection .
MISA Malawi however applauded government in February 2014 for adopting the access to information policy (3). This is pending parliament approval and signing by state president.
Citizens may get timely responses to requests for government information, or responses may miss key information requests. The request for information is however not guaranteed by a constitutional right neither protected by a dedicated law or enforceable regulation. (1) (2)
Sources
(1): http://www.publiclaw.uct.ac.za/research/ANCL_info/country_survey/malawi/, accessed June 10, 2014
(2): http://www.malawivoice.com/2014/02/01/misa-malawi-applauds-govt-for-adopting-a-policy-on-access-to-information/, accessed June 10, 2014
(3): http://www.malawi.gov.mw/Publications/National%20Access%20to%20Information%20Policy.pdf, accessed 24 August 2014."
"Malaysia","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",2,"There are some pressures created by certain civil society organizations in creating, maintaining and sustaining the open data initiative in Malaysia.
Source:
(1) Skype interview, Anonymous, NGO official, 1 August 2014.
(2) http://www.loyarburok.com/2014/06/17/malaysia-open-government-conundrum/
(3) http://www.theantdaily.com/Main/Promoting-open-data-clashes-with-those-against-open-governance/"
"Malaysia","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"The Government of Malaysia has an Open Data Portal and lots of information is available through the site. However, it can certainly be much more wider in terms of providing data and information.
Source:
(1) http://data.gov.my/index.php
(2) Skype interview, Anonymous, NGO official, 1 August 2014."
"Malaysia","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"There is no known initiative by the government to support and promote open data innovation.
Sources:
(1) Skype interview, Anonymous, NGO official, 1 August 2014.
(2) http://www.loyarburok.com/2014/06/17/malaysia-open-government-conundrum/"
"Malaysia","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"Even though there is a presence of open data initiative at the national level, there is not much visible at the city or regional government levels.
Sources:
(1) Skype interview, Anonymous, NGO official, 1 August 2014.
(2) http://www.loyarburok.com/2014/06/17/malaysia-open-government-conundrum/"
"Malaysia","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",0,"There are not much offered by the government. But, too some extent, tailored training can be provided by the private entrepreneurs (IT professionals) at the cost of the individuals and businesses wishing to increase their skills.
Source:
(1) Skype interview, Anonymous, NGO official, 1 August 2014."
"Malaysia","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"There are no known published work or report on the impact of open data on government efficiency and effectiveness. However, selective entities are working to make data more open so citizens can make informed choices.
Sources:
(1) Skype interview, Anonymous, NGO official, 1 August 2014.
(2) Skype interview, Anonymous, Faculty member, International Islamic University, 12 August 2014."
"Malaysia","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"There is no definite study on the impact of open data on transparency and accountability. However, interviewees mention that as the Malaysian Government started to provide more information on government departments/ministries' programs in their websites for more than a decade now, it is more transparent. It however does not mean that they have become more accountable. Small scale NGO initiative exist now to promote transparency and accountability (SINAR Project).
Sources:
(1) Skype interview, Anonymous, NGO official, 1 August 2014.
(2) Skype interview, Anonymous, Faculty member, International Islamic University, 12 August 2014.
(3) http://sinarproject.org/"
"Malaysia","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"No visible impact on environmental sustainability due to open data initiative.
Sources:
(1) Skype interview, Anonymous, NGO official, 1 August 2014.
(2) Skype interview, Anonymous, Faculty member, International Islamic University, 12 August 2014."
"Malaysia","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Unfortunately, there is no noticeable impact of open data on including marginalised groups in public policy making. However, this year, the government has open up a bit to have citizens' input on budget making through crowd-sourcing.
Sources:
(1) Skype interview, Anonymous, NGO official, 1 August 2014.
(2) Skype interview, Anonymous, Faculty member, International Islamic University, 12 August 2014."
"Malaysia","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"Even though the government has opened up on open data, there is no single published media report on its positive impact on the economy.
Sources:
(1) Skype interview, Anonymous, NGO official, 1 August 2014.
(2) Skype interview, Anonymous, Faculty member, International Islamic University, 12 August 2014."
"Malaysia","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",1,"Private sector entrepreneurs including women are moving forward in terms of using whatever data out there in opening up businesses in Malaysia. However, to what extent they are successful is a matter of question. In fact, government is also utilizing open data through introducing apps (e.g., myHealth) to help citizens. However, there is no report on their impact.
Sources:
(1) Skype interview, Anonymous, NGO official, 1 August 2014.
(2) Skype interview, Anonymous, Faculty member, International Islamic University, 12 August 2014.
(3) http://data.gov.my/mobileapps.php"
"Malaysia","ODB.2013.C.DPL",5,"Malaysia initiated the Data Protection bill in 2001 and it took almost 10 years to pass and then it was gazetted in 2013. But, good news is that it now has a Department with the mission of protecting data. According to the interviewee, it is probably too early to assess the whole system in place.
Sources:
(1) Skype interview, Anonymous, NGO official, 1 August 2014.
(2) Personal Data Protection Act 2010
(3) http://www.zdnet.com/my/malaysia-gazettes-data-protection-act-effective-immediately-7000023239/
(4) Department of Personal Data Protection: http://www.pdp.gov.my/index.php?lang=en
(5) Global Data Privacy Directory, Norton Rose Flbright (2014) - http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf"
"Malaysia","ODB.2013.C.RTI",1,"In Malaysia, except for the opposition-controlled states of Selangor and Penang, there is no federal law on freedom of information with guarantees of right to information. Officials in the country are often reluctant to share even innocuous information with citizens.
Sources:
(1) Skype interview, Anonymous, International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur, 11 August 2014.
(2) Freedom of the Press 2013: http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2013/malaysia#.U_ZqJfldWSo
(3) http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/penang-clears-last-hurdle-to-freedom-of-information-act-rollout"
"Mali","ODB.2013.C.INIT",0,"No open government data initiative in the country. The African Development Bank Group does provide some open data on Mali though (1) as well as the World Bank (2)
Sources:
(1) Open Data for Mali, http://mali.opendataforafrica.org/ Accessed 8 Aug 2014
(2) http://donnees.banquemondiale.org/pays/mali Accessed 9 Aug 2014"
"Mali","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",1,"Jokkolabs Bamako, through its project Open Data Mali (http://opendata.ml/), is engaging with some Ministries and Agencies, such as the National Agency for Health and Digital, regarding open data(1).
##Sources
(1) Conversations with Renaud Gaudin, responsible for Jokkolabs Mali, June 2014"
"Mali","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"No evidence"
"Mali","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"No initiative at local level"
"Mali","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",1,"There is very limited training available, opendata.ml seems to be the only one to be able to provide open data trainings in the country (1).
##Sources
(1) Open Data Mali, opendata.ml Accessed on June 26, 2014"
"Mali","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",1,"Jokkolabs Mali is the only private company that seems to want to build business around open data (1).
##Sources
(1) http://opendata.ml/ Accessed on June 26"
"Mali","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"No evidence"
"Mali","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No evidence"
"Mali","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"No evidence"
"Mali","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"No evidence"
"Mali","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"No evidence"
"Mali","ODB.2013.C.DPL",5,"The country adopted a law on personal data protection in June 2013 that includes an article on personal electronic data (Article 18) (1). The law provides for the creation of a Data Protection Authority (Autorité de Protection des Données à Caractéres Personnelles), but the authority has not been implemented yet. The follow features are found :
Broad applicability: Article 7
Right to access and correct:Chapt V Section 1 Article 13, Section 3 Art. 15
Responsibility of information holders: Section 1 Article 8
Right to readdress: Chapt V Section 1 Article 12
##Sources
(1) Loi n°2013-015 portant protection des données à caractère personnel en République du Mali, http://www.afapdp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Mali-Loi-sur-la-protection-des-donn%C3%A9es-personnelles-du-21-mai-2013.pdf Accessed on June 26"
"Mali","ODB.2013.C.RTI",1,"In 2011, there was no Right to Access Information in the country, when a national study was conducted (1). Freedom house reports that Mali never had legislation that guarantees access to information for Malians (2)
##Sources
(1) Mali FOI Study, http://www.africafoicentre.org/index.php/reports-publications/14-mali-foi-study/file Accessed on June 26, 2014
(2) Mali-Freedom House 2013. http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2013/mali#.U-VFiYBdV_c Accessed 8 Aug 2014"
"Mauritius","ODB.2013.C.INIT",2,"There is no evidence of the presence of a formal open data initiatives run by the government, grievances on the delay of embracing the notion of open government has been brutally criticized in (5). In spite of the delay the government of the Republic of Mauritius has developed a draft e-Government strategy that needs to be implemented from 2013 to 2017(1), and the document has been made available for public feedback(2). The e-Government strategy was developed by the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, through the services of the Central Informatics Bureau. In section 3.9 of the draft e-Government strategy, there is a recognition of the potential benefits of opening up government data and the government's commitment to the realization of open government data(3).
However there is open data initiative run by the Development Bank of Africa (ADB) for many African countries including Mauritius(4), which will not count in the scoring of the survey's theme under consideration.
## Sources
(1): Republic of Mauritius, e-Government Strategy(2013-2017), http://mict.gov.mu/English/Documents/Mauritius%20eGov%20Strategy%2017%20June%202013.pdf.
(2): News- E-Government Strategy 2013-2017, http://www.gov.mu/English/News/Pages/E-Government-Strategy-2013-2017.aspx, Date accessed- June 05,2014.
(3): H. Rajnish, e-Government Strategy 2013-2017 Implementation, http://dataprotection.gov.mu/English/Documents/Workshop/Wrkshop19feb14/Overview%20of%20Mauritis%20e-Govt%20Strategy.pdf, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, 19th February 2014
(4): Africa Open Data- Open Data for Mauritius, http://mauritius.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 05, 2014.
(5): News-lexp Tribune, Creating a new era for the country : The Need for Impatience – The Case of Mauritius, http://www.lexpress.mu/node/241614, Date accessed- July 19, 2014."
"Mauritius","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",0,"Open data in Mauritius is at its nascent stage, apart from the government making commitment by incorporating the notions in its e-Government strategy 2013-2017 with the aim of improving G2B, G2C, G2G efficiencies and achieving the good governance constructs there is no many ongoing open data initiatives underway(1,2). However there is only one notable effort with respect to open data in terms of civil society and government collaboration in that the Statistics Mauritius has developed an open data portal on Prognoz platform with the assistance of a donor partner(2).
However there is open data initiative run by the Development Bank of Africa(ADB) for many African countries including Mauritius(3), which will not count in the scoring of the survey's theme under consideration.
References:
(1) Republic of Mauritius, e-Government Strategy(2013-2017), http://mict.gov.mu/English/Documents/Mauritius%20eGov%20Strategy%2017%20June%202013.pdf.
(2) News- E-Government Strategy 2013-2017, http://www.gov.mu/English/News/Pages/E-Government-Strategy-2013-2017.aspx, Date accessed- June 05,2014.
(3)Africa Open Data- Open Data for Mauritius, http://mauritius.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 05, 2014.
(4) Statistics Mauritius, http://statsmauritius.gov.mu/English/Pages/default.aspx, Date accessed- June 05, 2014."
"Mauritius","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"Up until where this survey conducted there is only policy level commitment from the government of Mauritius in terms of developing an e-Government strategy that consider open data as its mainstay which is yet to be backed by concrete moves(1). There is only one open data initiative(the development of open data portal) with the assistance of a donor partner (2). Thus, the design and execution of city or region owned open data initiatives are yet to be seen.
References:
(1) Republic of Mauritius, e-Government Strategy(2013-2017), http://mict.gov.mu/English/Documents/Mauritius%20eGov%20Strategy%2017%20June%202013.pdf.
(2)H. Rajnish, e-Government Strategy 2013-2017 Implementation, http://dataprotection.gov.mu/English/Documents/Workshop/Wrkshop19feb14/Overview%20of%20Mauritis%20e-Govt%20Strategy.pdf, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, 19th February 2014."
"Mauritius","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"As the notion of open data is a newbie to Mauritius supporting a culture of innovation with open data through bootcamps or hackathon or other forms of events by the government is yet to be exercised(1). The 2013-2017 e-Government strategy implementation is at its nascent stage and promoting a culture of innovation with open data through competitions or other forms of mechanisms has not been reported(2).
References:
(1) News- E-Government Strategy 2013-2017, http://www.gov.mu/English/News/Pages/E-Government-Strategy-2013-2017.aspx, Date accessed- June 05,2014.
(2)H. Rajnish, e-Government Strategy 2013-2017 Implementation, http://dataprotection.gov.mu/English/Documents/Workshop/Wrkshop19feb14/Overview%20of%20Mauritis%20e-Govt%20Strategy.pdf, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, 19th February 2014."
"Mauritius","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",0,"As the notion of open data is a newbie to the country, availability of training for individuals or business wishing to increased their skills or build business to use open data is non-existent(1). The 2013-2017 e-Government strategy implementation which considers open data as its mainstay took off from the ground just in recent months(2).
Nevertheless, there are some university level related courses that could contribute to building open data capacity in the country.
References:
(1) News- E-Government Strategy 2013-2017, http://www.gov.mu/English/News/Pages/E-Government-Strategy-2013-2017.aspx, Date accessed- June 05,2014.
(2)H. Rajnish, e-Government Strategy 2013-2017 Implementation, http://dataprotection.gov.mu/English/Documents/Workshop/Wrkshop19feb14/Overview%20of%20Mauritis%20e-Govt%20Strategy.pdf, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, 19th February 2014."
"Mauritius","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Mauritius has developed its 2013-2017 e-Government strategy which considers open data as its mainstay just recently(1,2). The implementation is underway, and Mauritius Statistics in partnership with African Development Bank have developed a Data portal in Progno platform(3). Generally, open data in Mauritius is at its nascent stage, Mauritius Statistics publishes Government Accounts(budget plan and expenditure) as open data but there is hardly any evidence to what extent opening up the data has enhanced public participation in the budget estimation and approval process, however it could be said that because of government data portals publishing budget and procurement data, policy and information transparency has been achieved to a little extent(4). Thus, there has been little impact of open data in bringing policy and information transparency in Mauritius(3).
(1) Republic of Mauritius, e-Government Strategy(2013-2017), http://mict.gov.mu/English/Documents/Mauritius%20eGov%20Strategy%2017%20June%202013.pdf.
(2) News- E-Government Strategy 2013-2017, http://www.gov.mu/English/News/Pages/E-Government-Strategy-2013-2017.aspx, Date accessed- June 05,2014.
(3)H. Rajnish, e-Government Strategy 2013-2017 Implementation, http://dataprotection.gov.mu/English/Documents/Workshop/Wrkshop19feb14/Overview%20of%20Mauritis%20e-Govt%20Strategy.pdf, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, 19th February 2014
(4) Africa Open Data- Open Data for Mauritius, http://mauritius.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 05, 2014."
"Mauritius","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"The significant step that Mauritius has made with respect to Open data is the e-Government strategy which it has developed recently(1). The e-Government strategy is underway, with the limited number of datasets published(budget related data) as open data it could be said that information and policy transparency to an extent have been achieved (2). Though not in an open data format the National Assembly of the Republic of Mauritius has the habit of publishing its assembly session in PDF format which shows the country's culture of transparency is not entirely the availability of open data (3).
## Sources
(1) Republic of Mauritius, e-Government Strategy(2013-2017), http://mict.gov.mu/English/Documents/Mauritius%20eGov%20Strategy%2017%20June%202013.pdf.
(2) H. Rajnish, e-Government Strategy 2013-2017 Implementation, http://dataprotection.gov.mu/English/Documents/Workshop/Wrkshop19feb14/Overview%20of%20Mauritis%20e-Govt%20Strategy.pdf, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, 19th February 2014.
(3)National Assembly of the Republic of Mauritius,http://mauritiusassembly.gov.mu/English/questions/Pages/PNQ/PNQ-Answers-for-Year-2011.aspx, Date accessed- June 07, 2014."
"Mauritius","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Open data initiatives in Mauritius are limited or just in the process of taking roots(1,2). The only notable effort so far is the availability of Statistical Data Portal in Prognoz platform- the Statistics Mauritius in partnership with the African Development Bank has developed a data portal which offers open access to documents(3) besides online data search or queries. The data portal offers access to environment statistical reports or publication digests which are available only in PDF format(non-machine readable format). However, for instance there is no clear associations of open data movements and environment sustainable development campaigns held annually with the motto ""Clean Up the World 2013"" which is celebrated in the third week of September(4). However, the publication of environmental statistics report and digests, and making them accessible online by itself even if the publication is not available in machine readable format can still have an impact of the lowest margin.
References:
(1) Republic of Mauritius, e-Government Strategy(2013-2017), http://mict.gov.mu/English/Documents/Mauritius%20eGov%20Strategy%2017%20June%202013.pdf.
(2) H. Rajnish, e-Government Strategy 2013-2017 Implementation, http://dataprotection.gov.mu/English/Documents/Workshop/Wrkshop19feb14/Overview%20of%20Mauritis%20e-Govt%20Strategy.pdf, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, 19th February 2014.
(3) Statistics Mauritius, http://mauritius.africadata.org/en/ResourceCenter, Date accessed- June 07, 2014.
(4) Clean Up the World Campaign, http://environment.gov.mu/English//DOCUMENTS/EARTHDAY%202014%20REPORT.PDF, Ministry of Environment & Sustainable Development, Sepetember 20-29, 2013."
"Mauritius","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"For the same reasons cited above, the notion of open data is a newbie to Mauritius and noticeable impacts on enhancing marginalized groups participation in the policy making process is yet to manifest in any manner(1,2).
References:
(1) Republic of Mauritius, e-Government Strategy(2013-2017), http://mict.gov.mu/English/Documents/Mauritius%20eGov%20Strategy%2017%20June%202013.pdf.
(2) H. Rajnish, e-Government Strategy 2013-2017 Implementation, http://dataprotection.gov.mu/English/Documents/Workshop/Wrkshop19feb14/Overview%20of%20Mauritis%20e-Govt%20Strategy.pdf, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, 19th February 2014."
"Mauritius","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"Due to the fact that open data is a recent phenomenon in Mauritius, it is too early for the stimulant effect of open data in the country's economy to be felt. Open data as part of the government's 2013-2017 e-Government strategy is in its implementation stage and is of only a few months old(1,2).
References:
(1) Republic of Mauritius, e-Government Strategy(2013-2017), http://mict.gov.mu/English/Documents/Mauritius%20eGov%20Strategy%2017%20June%202013.pdf.
(2) H. Rajnish, e-Government Strategy 2013-2017 Implementation, http://dataprotection.gov.mu/English/Documents/Workshop/Wrkshop19feb14/Overview%20of%20Mauritis%20e-Govt%20Strategy.pdf, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, 19th February 2014."
"Mauritius","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"Due to the fact that open data is a recent phenomenon in Mauritius, entrepreneurial use of open data is very much a thing of the future. Open data as part of the government's 2013-2017 e-Government strategy is in its implementation stage and is of only a few months old(1,2).
References:
(1) Republic of Mauritius, e-Government Strategy(2013-2017), http://mict.gov.mu/English/Documents/Mauritius%20eGov%20Strategy%2017%20June%202013.pdf.
(2) H. Rajnish, e-Government Strategy 2013-2017 Implementation, http://dataprotection.gov.mu/English/Documents/Workshop/Wrkshop19feb14/Overview%20of%20Mauritis%20e-Govt%20Strategy.pdf, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, 19th February 2014."
"Mauritius","ODB.2013.C.DPL",8,"Mauritius has developed an Information and Communication Technology and a Data protection Acts(1,2). In both acts legal clauses related to data protection are clearly stipulated. The act in (2) is more detailed and specific in terms of addressing the possible scenarios that relate to data protection. Thus, Mauritius has a robust legal or regulatory framework with respect to the protection of personal data(2). The Mauritius Data Protection Office also provides online support on their website to file a complaint, request access to personal data, publishes decisions on complaints, has a section for teenagers and provides an help desk phone number for all enquiries. (3)
References
(1) INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ACT, Act 44 of 2001 – 11 February 2002, Section 33, http://attorneygeneral.gov.mu/English/Documents/A-Z%20Acts/I/Page%202/INFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGIES1.pdf
(2) THE DATA PROTECTION ACT 2004, Act 13/2004, Proclamation No. 45 of 2004, w.e.f. 27.12.2004, http://www.icta.mu/documents/laws/dpa.pdf
(3) Mauritius Data Protection Office- http://dataprotection.gov.mu/
(4) Data Protection Principles- Mauritius- http://dataprotection.gov.mu/English/Legislation/Pages/Data-Protection-Principles.aspx"
"Mauritius","ODB.2013.C.RTI",0,"Mauritius doesn’t have a freedom of information act or law(1,2). In the World Press Freedom Day celebrated in May 03, 2014 the need for Mauritius to formulate and adopt a freedom of information act was emphasized[2].
References:
(1)A. Kanoute, Mauritius needs to formulate and adopt a Freedom of Information Act, http://www.defimedia.info/news-sunday/interview/item/52358-amadou-kanoute-mauritius-needs-to-formulate-and-adopt-a-freedom-of-information-act.html, Date accessed- June 04, 2014
(2) Law of Mauritius, http://attorneygeneral.gov.mu/English/LawsofMauritius/Pages/default.aspx, Date accessed- June 04, 2014."
"Mexico","ODB.2013.C.INIT",7,"There is a strong national open data initiative within the Digital National Strategy (1). The Strategy has a dedicated budget and staff and is located within the Office of the Presidency as part of global digital plans (2) and open government partnership commitments (3). It was launched by President Peña Nieto who explicitly committed to open data (4). The initiative includes the following features:
- Government policies related to proactive disclosure of information in reusable formats.
- Draft open data policy that has been open to public feedback includes provisions for free access and re-use with a creative commons type license were data is attributed to the federal government (https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fw42eyG3aFwEcGR7qsnfR7Q3dyrLLz46NaJu3sB1stk/edit)
- Data will be provided in open formats.
A first beta data platform has been recently published (5) with additional resources, and other key agencies are also getting important steps in that direction (6).
(1) Se crea el Comité Técnico Especializado en Datos Abiertos. http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/se-crea-el-comite-tecnico-especializado-cte-de-datos-abiertos/. Accessed June 10, 2014.
(2): http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/edn/
(3): http://pa2015.mx/
(4): http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/articulos-prensa/palabras-del-presidente-de-los-estados-unidos-mexicanos-licenciado-enrique-pena-nieto-durante-la-presentacion-de-la-estrategia-digital-nacional/
(5): Política de Datos Abiertos. http://datos.gob.mx/. Accessed June 10, 2014.
(6): http://www.snieg.mx/cni/"
"Mexico","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",7,"There are coordinated campaigns calling for open data and CSOS are working with the government on this topic. Participating CSOs are those specialized in ICTs like Social TIC or others that work on a diverse array of topics such as Transparencia Mexicana and Fundar. Government and civil society have paired in outreach events and are actively working in the organization of the Regional Open Data Conference for Latin America to be celebrated in Mexico City in October 2014. Additionally, there is a Consultive Council (work in progress) for the Open Data Politic where civil society participates and open participative process are usually made (3) (4) (5).
##Sources
(1): Interview with Haydeé Pérez. Transparency Coordinator Fundar. June 11, 2014.
(2): Interview with Juan Manuel Casanueva. Executive Director Social-TIC. June 13, 2014.
(3): http://politica.datos.gob.mx/
(4): http://apertura-entrada.herokuapp.com/resumen
(5): http://apertura-entrada.herokuapp.com/datatron"
"Mexico","ODB.2013.C.CITY",4,"The National Digital Strategy has specific components related to promoting innovation through competitions, grants or other support. Expert consulted cited that only 2 competitions have been supported by federal government agencies: the Dataton (3) and Reto SAT. There have been events and hackathons supported by local governments in for example the state of Oaxaca through the Oaxacathon.
Sources:
(1): Digital National Strategy Mexico. http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/edn/
(2): Interview with Juan Manuel Casanueva. Executive Director Social-TIC.
(3): http://mxabierto.github.io/dataton/acerca.html"
"Mexico","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",5,"A number of different cities have open data initiatives across the country. These include: Mexico City, Zapopan, Puebla, Monterrey, Oaxaca and San Pedro Garza García.
Sources:
(1): Iniciativa Open Data Mexico City. http://www.anticorrupcion.df.gob.mx/index.php/gobierno-abierto/122-gobierno-abierto/829-iniciativas-open-data
(2): Open Data Mexico City. http://www.zapopan.gob.mx/noticia/zapopan-promueve-desarrollo-de-aplicaciones-web-a-traves-del-hackathonzapopan-open-data/
(3): Puebla Open Data Initiative. http://www.milenio.com/puebla/Anuncia-ayuntamiento-Puebla-Open-Data_0_163783964.html
(4) :Interview with Juan Manuel Casanueva. Executive Director Social-TIC. June 13, 2014."
"Mexico","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",5,"Training is available to individuals, students, journalists and businesses and is done by government and CSOSs. Training is available on a wide variety of topics including: data technology, data science and statistics and data visualisation. Score given due to the fact that training is limited and there is way more demand that offerings.
##Sources
(1): Interview with Juan Manuel Casanueva. Executive Director Social-TIC. June 13, 2014.
(2): Escuela de Datos. http://socialtic.org/post/62995386495/presentacion-de-la-escuela-de-datos-y-1er-data-meetup
(3): Temporada de Webinars Infoactivistas. http://socialtic.org/image/89694250172."
"Mexico","ODB.2013.I.GOV",2,"There have been cases in the media and credible online sources that have used open data, mostly budget transparency data, to demand more government efficiency. Additionally, CSOs like Mexicanos Primero and IMCO have done specific work on open data and education, for example the project Compara tu Escuela (2). However, the link between FOI/Transparency/Open Data has not been made and is a demand from the media and civil society.
##Sources
(1): Interview with Juan Manuel Casanueva. Director of Social-TIC. June 13, 2014.
(2): Mejora tu Escuela project from IMCO. http://www.mejoratuescuela.org/
(3): Roba 29% de gasolineras en el país. http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/periodismo-datos/2014/-articulos-90479html-90479.html. Accessed June 25. 2014.
(4): Oceanografía, el aval de Pemex. http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/finanzas-cartera/2014/impreso/oceanografa-108990.html. Accessed June 25, 2014."
"Mexico","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",2,"There have been cases in the media and credible online sources that have used open data, mostly budget transparency data, to demand more government efficiency. However, the link between FOI/Transparency/Open Data has not been made convincingly. Newspaper El Universal has a special investigative section with articles based on open data, dozens of examples on the use of open data in journalism can be found there.
##Sources
(1): Interview with Juan Manuel Casanueva. Executive Director Social-TIC. June 13, 2014
(2): El Universal. Periodismo de Datos. http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/periodismo-datos/. June 25, 2014."
"Mexico","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Expert consulted (1) said Open Data hasn't had a noticeable impact on environmental sustainability due to the fact that CSOs and media organisations have not used the data successfully. Survey conducted for other environmental-related questions (2) did not result in finding any concrete studies/media articles.
##Sources
(1): Interview with Juan Manuel Casanueva. Director Social-TIC. June 13, 2014.
(2): Survey of environmental CSOs websites included in a list collected by environmental CSO CEMDA: http://www.cemda.org.mx/alianzas/"
"Mexico","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No cases were found that cite that open data has had an impact in allowing marginalized groups to participate in policy making or government services assessment. Expert consulted corroborated assessment.
##Sources
(1): Web search.
(2): Interview with Juan Manuel Casanueva. Director Social-TIC. June 13, 2014."
"Mexico","ODB.2013.I.ECON",2,"There are at least one business (1) and one NGO (Social-Tic) (3) that use open data as one of their primary inputs, businesses include:
##Sources
(1): http://opi.la/es/?page_id=11.
(2): Interview with Juan Manuel Casanueva. Executive Director. Social-TIC. June 13. 2014
(3): Social Tic. http://socialtic.org/"
"Mexico","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",2,"There are at least one business (1) and one NGO (Social-Tic) (3) that use open data as one of their primary inputs.
##Sources
(1): http://opi.la/es/?page_id=11.
(2): Interview with Juan Manuel Casanueva. Executive Director. Social-TIC. June 13. 2014
(3): Social Tic. http://socialtic.org/"
"Mexico","ODB.2013.C.DPL",7,"Mexico has a legal regulatory data protection framework for information possessed by the government and private sector. For information held by the government, persons have the right to correct one personal’s data or to access information such as medical records in government healthcare facilities. Laws and regulatory framework impose clear responsibilities to violators. Additionally, there is a right of redress against both private and public bodies that violate data privacy. Finally, any person can file a complaint to the Instituto Federal de Acceso a la Información Pública y Protección de Datos (IFAI). Cases solved by IFAI related to data protection can be found here through a search engine (1)
Legal framework includes the following:
- Federal Transparency and Access to Information Law.
- Regulatory framework regarding the Transparency and Access to Information Law.
- Rulings of the Mexican Access to Information Institute.
- Federal Data Protection Law for Private Entities.
- Regulatory framework regarding the Federal Data Protection Law for Private Entitties.
- General Criteria on the matter established by IFAI.
- Recommendations generated by IFAI on data protection.
The framework is in the beginning stages and people is just becoming aware of the their right for privacy.
A group of lawmakers has asked also to include in the General Law on Personal Data Protection issues as: the right to be forgotten, managing databases, information about dead people, how the judicial authorities will use the security cameras and geolocation, as well as guidelines on social networks. (4)
##Sources
(1): http://consultas.ifai.org.mx/SesionesspDP.
(2): Marco Normativo de Protección de Datos Personales en Protección de los Particulares. (2014) IFAI. Mexico.
(3): Marco Normativo en Materia de Transparencia, Acceso a la Información y Protección de Datos Personales. (2014). IFAI. Mexico.
(4): http://www.oem.com.mx/elsoldemexico/notas/n3273536.htm"
"Mexico","ODB.2013.C.RTI",8,"Citizens generally receive responses to requests for government information within a reasonable time period at no cost if documents are received online. Any person, can request information and the system allows for anonymous requests. Additionally, if a requester is not satisfied with the government’s response he/she can appeal the agency’s decision to oversight bodies at the state and federal levels. There is an RTI law in place along with a regulatory framework and legal precedents favoring openness. Finally, two constitutional amendments have been passed which fortify the public’s right to know.
Legal framework includes the following:
- Federal Transparency and Access to Information Law (3).
- Regulatory framework regarding the Transparency and Access to Information Law (4).
- Rulings of the Mexican Access to Information Institute (5).
Finally, The Law to Access to Information in Mexico (3) is one of the best laws internationally. But in matters of right to information the law not so advanced. For example, in relation to national security, the government can attract information but do not open it. (2) A19 has particularly struggled with national security information, but the percentage of information classified as national security is very low, not affecting the overall performance of the law.
##Sources
(1): Marco Normativo de Protección de Datos Personales en Protección de los Particulares. (2014) IFAI. Mexico.
(2): Interview with Ricardo Luevano, member of Article19.
(3): LEY DE TRANSPARENCIA Y ACCESO A LA INFORMACIÓN PÚBLICA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO Y MUNICIPIOS http://www.osfem.gob.mx/Documentos/Vinculos/Leyes/LTyAIPEMyM.pdf
(4): Marco Normativo - Tranpsarencia, acceso a la información y datos personales http://inicio.ifai.org.mx/Publicaciones/marco.pdf
(5): http://inicio.ifai.org.mx/_catalogs/masterpage/ifai.aspx"
"Morocco","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",3,"The government, via the ministry MCINET, has adopted a participatory approach. They work with some civil society actors, such as :
1) Open Knowledge Foundation Morocco : To develop the new Open Data ""portal"" (not the software, which is Open Source and available to download and install) and organize hackathons (See the interview with Sarah Lamrani : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwkBxObRzxQ).
2) AMGED : To organize a national colloque about Open Data. The program of the colloque : http://www.amged.org/colloque/programe/
3) Transparency Maroc : To discuss issues relating to legislation on access to information
source : http://www.data.gov.ma/ and www.egov.ma"
"Morocco","ODB.2013.C.CITY",2,"As notified in C5, the government is supporting the local chapter of Open Knowledge Foundation to organize hackathons to develop a culture of innovation with Open Data (See the interview with Sarah Lamrani : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwkBxObRzxQ). The aim is to develop mobile apps, DataViz, etc.
Projects in progress :
- Official launching of the new version of Open Data portal based on CKAN
- Planning an awareness day on open data for september
- Planning a hackathon for december
- Conduct of a number of presentation and awareness sessions to the benefit of all public departments and agencies
you can find more information in : http://www.data.gov.ma/fr/articles"
"Morocco","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"No evidence was identified showcasing city or regional governments run their own local open data initiatives."
"Morocco","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",2,"No evidence was identified showcasing such specific training. Although the govt has announced the Plan Maroc Numeric 2013 in 2009, with a duration of five years (http://www.maghreb-digital.com/projet/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Open-Data-Maroc.pdf ) and includes the use of open data as a means to bolster SMEs, there is no publicly available evidence that this has been actually followed upon. However, there are several courses and programs offered by universities and training centers in the ICTs area that can be relevant to open data."
"Morocco","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"There is an open data initiative in Morocco. The ministry of industry, commerce, investment and numerical economy (www.mcinet.gov.ma) has launched a new version of the Open Data portal (www.data.gov.ma) based on CKAN, in collaboration with the local chapter of Open Knowledge Foundation (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwkBxObRzxQ) to give the opportunity to other public organizations to publish their datasets. The ministry has also developed some apps based on Open Data to show to those organizations what we can do (as simple example) with those data : http://www.data.gov.ma/data/fr/dataset/liste-des-agences-de-poste-maroc-avec-coordonnees-spatiales/related
The license is ""Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL)"". See http://www.data.gov.ma/data/fr/dataset/liste-des-agences-de-poste-maroc-avec-coordonnees-spatiales/related for example (left bar at bottom).
There is many open data information published in the national open data portal concerning government budgets and
resources please visit : http://www.data.gov.ma/data/fr/group/finance
However, there was a 5-year ICT National Plan 2009-2013 (Plan Maroc Numeric 2013) and a lengthy report on Open Data was released (http://www.maghreb-digital.com/projet/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Open-Data-Maroc.pdf in French, July 2013). The report highlights, regarding data.gov.ma: ""Despite its innovative nature, the Moroccan open data initiative did not enjoy the interest it deserved; the released datasets are/have remained very limited. This situation is certainly related to the fact that the initiative has been led by a governmental entity [alone] and in a very isolated fashion, without being inscribed in any true governmental strategy and [promoted] through a very insufficient communication"" (p. 31)."
"Morocco","ODB.2013.I.GOV",2,"No specific cases of impact, however, one can assume that there is some impact from the reuse of open datasets shared by several organizations and government such as :
The project in progress ""MADARISSOUNA"" (An initiative of an ONG) of the reuse of datasets related to the list of schools and other related informations will give a better visibility on the current state to identify the needs in terms of :
- Rate of territorial coverage to identify actions to include remote areas
- Rate number of teachers
- Necessary infrastructure (classes, tables, water points etc ...)
- The parity girls/boys to identify actions to improve girls access to education
- etc
https://sites.google.com/site/eparticipationmaroc/project-updates/pveparticipation2
Another example is the geolocalisation apps (http://www.data.gov.ma/data/fr/dataset/liste-des-agences-de-poste-maroc-avec-coordonnees-spatiales/related) :
This application in addition to localizing the interest point (poste agencies, hospital...etc.) it can be used also to notice a need to have hostpital around for example and propose it via the national eparticipation plateforme : www.fikra.egov.ma"
"Morocco","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",2,"There is no specific cases of impact. However, several open datasets are published on the national portal Data.gov.ma and several institutional portals that allow ensure government transparency and also provide an opportunity for users (citizens, entrepreneurs and NGOs) to monitor and assess the government actions and initiatives, such as :
1 - Economy and finance :
- Budgets
- Economic and financial statistics
- Distribution of public spending
- The treasury debt
- Public finances
- Monetary and stock market
- Etc
2 - Employment and unemployment
3 - Indices :
- Index of producer prices
- Index of cost of living
- Index of industrial production
- Index of consumer prices
- Index of consumer confidence
- Etc
Other web portals publish other indicators/statistics and useful datasets :
http://www.hcp.ma
http://www.finances.gov.ma
http://www.data.gov.ma/data/fr/organization/ministere-de-l-economie-et-des-finances
http://www.data.gov.ma/data/fr/organization/ministere-de-l-emploi-et-des-affaires-sociales
in the 2014 Global E-Government Survey published by UNO, extract :
""case study on citizen consultation in Morocco :
Morocco's regional leadership can be attributed to its comprehensive government portal. as part of the government's effort to bring state of the art e-services to its citizens and include them in the decision making process, the government developed an e-consultation platform through the website of ""Secrétariat Général du Gouvernement; URL : www.sgg.gov.ma "", where citizens can access legislative texts online, read and download them and post their comments and concerns in this way, the government presents to its citizens a transparent, inclusive and easy channel through which they can share their concerns and make their voices heard, hence enriching democratic governance processes in the country.The government also presents its responses to citizen's comments and provides feedback, showing that they track the concerns and remarks of citizens, take them into consideration and deliver a response"
"Morocco","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"No evidence was found."
"Morocco","ODB.2013.I.INC",1,"There are no specific cases of impact. However,the application of geolocation points of interests based on open data allows citizens to identify points of interest (public services) loan from home. The first item of interest are postal agencies with the coordinates of points of contact with other interests are being implemented as an example:
- The list of MPs with their complete names and email addresses through regions/districts will allow to identify and establish contact with elected to respond and propose initiatives to improve government actions (see the new initiative : www.nouabook.ma)
- The list of CNSS agencies (National Social Security Fund)
- The list of hospitals, clinics and laboratory analysis
http://www.data.gov.ma/data/fr/dataset/liste-des-agences-de-la-poste-maroc-avec-coordonnees-spatiales/related
many other are under construction"
"Morocco","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"No evidence was found/"
"Morocco","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"No evidence was found."
"Morocco","ODB.2013.C.DPL",7,"The National Commission of Personal Data Protection (CNDP) is a supervisory authority (or a regulator) placed under the authority of the Head of Government and established on the basis of the article 34 of the law 09-08 (1,2,3,4)
Finally, a new draft law has been proposed by RNI MPs to protect privacy online (""Maroc : Un projet de loi pour protéger la vie privée sur internet"", AfriScoop, 18 Jul 2014). 4 However, there is some criticism of the effective implementation of the law (5)
1- http://www.cndp.ma/
2- http://www.invest.gov.ma/index.php?Id=34474&lang=en
3- http://files.wcitleaks.org/public/S14-RCLINTPOL4-INF-0032!N2!MSW-E.pdf
4- http://www.afriscoop.net/journal/spip.php?article12567
5- http://www.leconomiste.com/article/donnees-personnellesbrle-maroc-n-est-plus-hors-la-loi-europeenne / http://www.leconomiste.com/article/907521-donn-es-personnellesle-maroc-se-plie-aux-normes-europ-ennes"
"Morocco","ODB.2013.C.RTI",5,"There is no FOI law in Morocco. The government is working on a draft bill. The discussions with CSOs (Transparency Maroc, ...) are in progress to publish a final law text. However there are still some limitations to this draft law - A major weakness is the regime of exceptions, which is overbroad and has rightly attracted significant criticism (1-4)
However, in August 2014, Morocco’s govt. approved the draft law on Right of Access to Information :
""Morocco’s cabinet on Thursday endorsed the draft law 31-13 on the right of access to information.The draft law, submitted by the Minister-Delegate for Public Service and Administration Modernization, has been endorsed according to chapter 27 of the new constitution, which classifies it within the essential rights and freedoms that ought to be respected. This draft law aims at promoting participatory democracy by encouraging citizens to participate in the control of the administrative action and decision making, Communication minister, Government Spokesperson, Mustapha El Khalfi, said at a press briefing following the cabinet meeting.
This draft law defines the nature of the information, the access process, exceptions and proactive measures to ensure the dissemination of information in a bid order to consolidate the right of access to information."" (5-8)
1-http://www.article19.org/resources.php/resource/37263/en/morocco:-second-draft-law-on-the-right-of-access-to-information
2-http://www.article19.org/data/files/medialibrary/37263/Morocco-analysis-RTI-law-draft-two-final-version.pdf
3-http://transparencymaroc.ma/TM/sites/default/files/Le-droit-d%E2%80%99acc%C3%A8s-%C3%A0-l%E2%80%99information-un-pilier-pour-une-meilleure-gouvernance.pd
4-http://dai-transparencymaroc.com/documentation/
5-http://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2014/08/135792/moroccos-govt-approves-draft-law-on-right-of-access-to-information/
6-http://www.remdi.org/ar/remdi
7-http://www.remdi.org/fr/actualites-remdi
8-http://www.lematin.ma/journal/2014/dans-sa-nouvelle-version-le-projet-de-loi-31-13-passe-de-40-articles-a-29-seulement_le-gouvernement-revoit-sa-copie-sur-le-droit-d-acces-a-l-information/206910.html"
"Mozambique","ODB.2013.C.INIT",0,"In Mozambique government ongoing open data initiative of any sort is non-existent(1). However there are only third party open data initiatives that have started (2,3,4). The country also is not part of the open government partnership initiative(5).
References:
(1)L. Chemane, Mozambique ICT Policy Implementation Strategy and e-Government Challenges and Opportunities, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/CAFRAD/UNPAN006472.pdf
(2)Open Data for Mozambique, http://mozambique.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 25, 2014.
(3)World Bank and Mozambique: Launch of Open Data for Climate Change, http://www.sabc.co.za/news/f1/fa340c004945eccaa94afd48c94126c5/World-Bank-and-Mozambique:-Launch-of-Open-Data-for-Climate-Change-20111202, Date accessed- June 25, 2014.
(4) Data Portal Mozambique- National Institute of Statistics, http://www.ine.gov.mz/en/ResourceCenter, Date accessed- June 25, 2014.
(5) Open Government Partnership- Participating Countries, http://www.opengovpartnership.org/countries, Date accessed- June 25, 2014."
"Mozambique","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",1,"The notion of open data for the government of Mozambique is totally a newbie, currently only third party open data initiatives are available(1,2). Open data is not part of the country's current ICT Policy Implementation Strategy and e-Government plan(3). Some government and cilvil societies from Mozambique, among others, met last year at the Open Government Partnership conference in Mombasa, Kenya, but engagement remains low for the moment.
References:
(1)Open Data for Mozambique, http://mozambique.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 25, 2014.
(2)World Bank and Mozambique: Launch of Open Data for Climate Change, http://www.sabc.co.za/news/f1/fa340c004945eccaa94afd48c94126c5/World-Bank-and-Mozambique:-Launch-of-Open-Data-for-Climate-Change-20111202, Date accessed- June 25, 2014.
(3)L. Chemane, Mozambique ICT Policy Implementation Strategy and e-Government Challenges and Opportunities, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/CAFRAD/UNPAN006472.pdf
(4) Open knowledge at the Open Government Partnership conference in Mombasa, Africa - June 7, 2013- http://blog.okfn.org/2013/06/07/open-knowledge-at-the-open-government-partnership-conference-in-mombasa-africa/"
"Mozambique","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"The notion of open data for the government of Mozambique is totally a newbie, apart from third party open data portals the country has no a single ongoing open data initiative(1,2). Government support towards promoting a culture of innovation with open data through competitions in the form of hackathon or bootcamps is non-existent for the moment.
References:
(1)Open Data for Mozambique, http://mozambique.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 25, 2014.
(2)World Bank and Mozambique: Launch of Open Data for Climate Change, http://www.sabc.co.za/news/f1/fa340c004945eccaa94afd48c94126c5/World-Bank-and-Mozambique:-Launch-of-Open-Data-for-Climate-Change-20111202, Date accessed- June 25, 2014.
(3)L. Chemane, Mozambique ICT Policy Implementation Strategy and e-Government Challenges and Opportunities, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/CAFRAD/UNPAN006472.pdf"
"Mozambique","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"As it stands, there were no regional governments running their own open data initiatives in Mozambique. Some regional data can be found on third party platforms, but is limited.
References:
(1) Open Data for Mozambique- http://mozambique.opendataforafrica.org/ Accessed Aug 2014"
"Mozambique","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",0,"The notion of Open data in Mozambique is a newbie, the government's commitment to opening up data for access to potential users is yet to be expressed(1). Open data is also a newbie for training centers as well as higher education providers in Mozambique(2,3,4).
References:
(1)L. Chemane, Mozambique ICT Policy Implementation Strategy and e-Government Challenges and Opportunities, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/CAFRAD/UNPAN006472.pdf
(2)Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, www.uem.mz/, Date accessed- June 25, 2014.
(3)UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE MOÇAMBIQUE, www.ucm.ac.mz/, Date accessed- June 25, 2014.
(4) TRAINING COURSES AND SEMINARS, http://www.sgs.co.mz/EN/Training-Courses-Seminars/Industry-Specific-Training/Information-Technology.aspx, Date accessed- June 25, 2014."
"Mozambique","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"The notion of open data is at its very nascent stage in Mozambique. It has been overlooked in the country's current National ICT implementation strategy(1). Existing open data initiatives belong to donor partners, the World Bank and the African Development Bank Group(2,3). The open data portal administered by the National Institute of Statistics of the Republic of Mozambique is a collaboration effort that involve the African Development Bank, and there is a long way to go(policy level commitment or backing and government owned initiatives are non-existent) to have a feeling of its impact on enhancing government efficiency and effectiveness(4). As it stands, open data in Mozambique has no impact on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness.
References:
(1)L. Chemane, Mozambique ICT Policy Implementation Strategy and e-Government Challenges and Opportunities, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/CAFRAD/UNPAN006472.pdf
(2)Open Data for Mozambique, http://mozambique.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 25, 2014.
(3)World Bank and Mozambique: Launch of Open Data for Climate Change, http://www.sabc.co.za/news/f1/fa340c004945eccaa94afd48c94126c5/World-Bank-and-Mozambique:-Launch-of-Open-Data-for-Climate-Change-20111202, Date accessed- June 25, 2014.
(4) Data Portal Mozambique- National Institute of Statistics, http://www.ine.gov.mz/en/ResourceCenter, Date accessed- June 25, 2014."
"Mozambique","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"Open data both in the country's e-Government implementation strategy, e-Government Interoperability Framework and the country's ICT initiatives(both completed and ongoing) has not got mentioning(1,2,3), which to an extent show lack of preliminary matters that come before impact, such as lack of awareness of the potential benefits of open data. As it stands, the role of open data in helping the country achieve some of the good governance constructs such as transparency and accountability is non-existent.
References:
(1)L. Chemane, Mozambique ICT Policy Implementation Strategy and e-Government Challenges and Opportunities, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/CAFRAD/UNPAN006472.pdf
(2)e-Government Interoperability Framework for Mozambique, http://www.ist-africa.org/home/files/Mozambique_eGIF_Oct2010.pdf
(3) IST- Africa- Current ICT Initiatives and projects - Mozambiquehttps://www.ist-africa.org/home/default.asp?page=doc-by-id&docid=5563, Date accessed- June 25, 2014."
"Mozambique","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Mozambique has no environmental dataset available as open data and as such there is nothing to assess its impact. The environmental statistics data published by the National Institute of Statistics of Mozambique, and other forms of documents published by Ministry for Coordination of Environmental Affairs are available only in PDF format(1,2).
References:
(1) National Institute of Statistics, http://www.ine.gov.mz/en/, Date accessed- June 26, 2014.
(2) MINISTRY FOR COORDINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS, http://www.micoa.gov.mz/, Date accessed- June 26, 2014."
"Mozambique","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Open data for Mozambique is an uncharted territory overlooked even in the country's National ICT and e-government implementation strategy. Thus, there is a long way to go to start dispensing the benefits(enhancing citizens participation in policy making as well as access to government services) for both the general public as well as disadvantaged groups(1,2).
References:
(1)L. Chemane, Mozambique ICT Policy Implementation Strategy and e-Government Challenges and Opportunities, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/CAFRAD/UNPAN006472.pdf
(2)e-Government Interoperability Framework for Mozambique, http://www.ist-africa.org/home/files/Mozambique_eGIF_Oct2010.pdf"
"Mozambique","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"This question has been scored in the same vein of perspectives as the above four questions(i.e. I1, I2, I3 & I4). Putting aside open data initiatives of donor partners(1,2,3), the government has no a single truly open data portal. As it stands, due to open data being a recent phenomenon for Mozambique there is a long long way to go for open data initiatives on stimulating the country's economy.
References:
(1)Open Data for Mozambique, http://mozambique.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 25, 2014.
(2)World Bank and Mozambique: Launch of Open Data for Climate Change, http://www.sabc.co.za/news/f1/fa340c004945eccaa94afd48c94126c5/World-Bank-and-Mozambique:-Launch-of-Open-Data-for-Climate-Change-20111202, Date accessed- June 26, 2014.
(3) National Institute of Statistics(In collaboration with the African Development Bank Group), http://www.ine.gov.mz/en/, Date accessed- June 26, 2014."
"Mozambique","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"Collectively(there is no single Government open data) open data initiatives in Mozambique are very limited (1,2,3), it is yet to have a foothold and the government also is yet to embrace the notion with a policy level commitment. Thus, entrepreneurial use of open data in Mozambique is very much a thing of the future.
References:
(1)Open Data for Mozambique, http://mozambique.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 25, 2014.
(2)World Bank and Mozambique: Launch of Open Data for Climate Change, http://www.sabc.co.za/news/f1/fa340c004945eccaa94afd48c94126c5/World-Bank-and-Mozambique:-Launch-of-Open-Data-for-Climate-Change-20111202, Date accessed- June 26, 2014.
(3) National Institute of Statistics(In collaboration with the African Development Bank Group), http://www.ine.gov.mz/en/, Date accessed- June 26, 2014."
"Mozambique","ODB.2013.C.DPL",4,"Mozambique has a data protection act (Act 1998) which also subsumes personal data protection(1). In the country's constitution Article 71 has clauses on the use of computerized data and protection for personal data (2). However the country name is not included in the 99 countries list who have known to implement a personal/ data protection law up until June 2013(3).
##Sources
(1): Mozambique- Legal Developments, http://www.legal500.com/c/mozambique/developments/21864, Date accessed- June 24, 2014.
(2): CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE, http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Constitution_(in_force_21_01_05)(English)-Mozlegal.pdf
(3): Global Tables of Data Privacy Laws and Bills (3rd Ed, June 2013), http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2280875, Date accessed- June 24, 2014."
"Mozambique","ODB.2013.C.RTI",5,"The Mozambican constitution guarantees the freedom of expression, the right to information and the freedom of the press in Article 48, Section 2(1). The country's constitution has been included among the 60 countries that guarantee a right to information (2).
##Sources
(1): BTI 2014- Mozambique Country Report, http://www.bti-project.org/fileadmin/Inhalte/reports/2014/pdf/BTI%202014%20Mozambique.pdf
(2): RIGHT2INFO- CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTIONS OF THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION http://www.right2info.org/constitutional-protections, Date accessed- June 24, 2014"
"Myanmar","ODB.2013.C.INIT",0,"There isn't any official open data initiative in Myanmar. This is not surprising given the culture of secrecy that the country lived in for may decades until 2013, when some signs of change were seen. Before any meaningful OD initiatives to happen, the legal system regarding information and internet governance needs to be reformed (http://wvw.burmalibrary.org/docs15/Burma_Code-Vol-II-ocr-tu.pdf, p182-189). According to Waltraut Ritter from Knowledge Dialogues and Opendata Hong Kong/Open Knowledge Foundation Hong Kong, who recently visited Myanmar, there is currently a great opportunity to introduce open data initiatives in Myanmar: the country is conducting its first nationwide census in 31 years. This is a good start because data about livelihood, economy, and exact size of the many ethnic groups in the country is vague.
- See more at: http://blog.okfn.org/2014/01/23/myanmar-developing-a-knowledge-society-from-scratch/#sthash.GMqKyc6L.dpuf"
"Myanmar","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",3,"As mentioned in C1, there isn't really any OD initiatives in the country. However, according to Waltraut Ritter, Myanmar has an active civil society working on various aspects of information society, from press freedom to civic-driven public libraries, such as Beyond Access, an organization that aims to transform the country’s vast network of 5000 public libraries into connected information and service hubs, MIDO (Myanmar ICT development organization, which organized the first internet freedom forum in Yangon last year), and the Myanmar Blogger Society, which now collaborates with telecom provider Ooredoo. Furthermore, Open Myanmar Initiative is a non-profit organisation with the vision of promoting the right to information and to education -- a prerequisite to get each and every citizen involved in Myanmar's transition towards the future where peace prevails and democracy prospershttp://www.omimyanmar.org/#. Finally, some international organizations are pushing the open data agenda in the country. For example, the World Bank organized a workshop in June 2013 where More than 120 members from civil society organisations, research institutes and government ministries participated in the recent “Open Development” workshop organised by the World Bank, as part of its on-going efforts to encourage the use of publicly accessible data and research, found in the Bank’s website, to tackle development challenges. According to an official statement, there is increasing demand for greater transparency, accountability and governance. http://www.futuregov.asia/articles/2013/jun/27/world-bank-promotes-open-data-myanmar/.
Finally, in March 2014, the first ever hackathin was organized: After an intense 48 hours, Myanmar’s first-ever hackathon finished at 6pm on Sunday, March 16. The hackathon, which was organized by Code for Change Myanmar and supported by Internews, brought together 76 of Myanmar’s most talented young developers, designers and entrepreneurs. https://www.internews.org/young-coders-astound-judges-myanmar-first-ever-hackathon
These networks and organisations could play an important role in building the soft infrastructure of the future information society and open data initiatives..
See more at: http://blog.okfn.org/2014/01/23/myanmar-developing-a-knowledge-society-from-scratch/#sthash.GMqKyc6L.dpuf"
"Myanmar","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"No evidence was found."
"Myanmar","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"No evidence was found."
"Myanmar","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",0,"There isn't any open data specific training available, however, other internet, data, and networks training exists."
"Myanmar","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Since there is no initiative to consider, evidence of impact doesn't exist."
"Myanmar","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"Since there is no initiative to consider, evidence of impact doesn't exist."
"Myanmar","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Since there is no initiative to consider, evidence of impact doesn't exist."
"Myanmar","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Since there is no initiative to consider, evidence of impact doesn't exist."
"Myanmar","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"Since there is no initiative to consider, evidence of impact doesn't exist."
"Myanmar","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"Since there is no initiative to consider, evidence of impact doesn't exist."
"Myanmar","ODB.2013.C.DPL",0,"There is no Data Protection Law/Privacy law in Myanmar for now.
http://lawdatabase.pyithuhluttaw.gov.mm"
"Myanmar","ODB.2013.C.RTI",0,"There is no Rights to Information Law but a Media law has been drafted which includes a secion on RTI (1). Also, the Constitution of Myanmar does not include any RTI provision (2(.
1- Mike Harris, Index on Censorship, Burma: Freedom of expression in transition/ Media freedom, 15th July 2013, http://www.indexoncensorship.org/2013/07/burma-freedom-of-expression-media/
2- http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Constitution_of_Myanmar_of_2008.pdf"
"Namibia","ODB.2013.C.INIT",3,"The Namibia Statistical Agency has started making survey data publically available: http://www.nsa.org.na/dataset/
Again wrong evidence by researcher. Evidence of OD initiative [http://namibia.opendataforafrica.org/]"
"Namibia","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",2,"IPPR, Misa and Insight Magazine have a campaign on access to information called ""Action Namibia"". But this is for certain documents and not open data in general."
"Namibia","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,NA
"Namibia","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,NA
"Namibia","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",0,NA
"Namibia","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,NA
"Namibia","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,NA
"Namibia","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,NA
"Namibia","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,NA
"Namibia","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,NA
"Namibia","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,NA
"Namibia","ODB.2013.C.DPL",3,"Cybercrime bill is in preparation, not in Parliament yet. The constitutional arrangements are in article 13 http://www.orusovo.com/namcon/): No persons shall be subject to interference with the privacy of their homes, correspondence or communications save as in accordance with law and as is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the protection of health or morals, for the prevention of disorder or crime or for the protection of the rights or freedoms of others."
"Namibia","ODB.2013.C.RTI",0,"""Under the aegis of the Namibia Nongovernmental Forum (NANGOF) and supported by the Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA), the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR), the Namibian Editors’ Forum (NEF) and the Legal Assistance Centre (LAC), there is an active public campaign driven by civil society agencies for freedom of information legislation""http://www.right2info.org/resources/publications/pretoria-finalization-meeting-april-2013-documents/national-security-and-rti-in-namibia"
"Nepal","ODB.2013.C.INIT",3,"The Government does not yet have a formal and well-resourced open data initiative. Senior leadership is making commitments to increased government transparency, and/or some commitments to open data are being expressed by a single ministry - the Ministry of Finance has just recently launched the AMP and only on Foreign Aid in Nepal. INGOs, too, have done a great job, such as the ICIMOD's data initiatives on the Himalayas (5) Otherwise, the Open Data movement in Nepal is driven by a coalitions of very active NGOs who have organized numerous events and made open data available on their platform: Open Nepal (http://opennepal.net/). MP Gagan Thapa has openly extended his support to the movement and has promised to get the Government more involved.
1) http://mof.gov.np/en/ Accessed on 18th June, 2014.
2) Interview with Ram Sharan Pudasaini, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Finance, 18th June, 2014, Kathmandu, Nepal.
3) Interview with Tara Nath Dahal, Chairman, Freedom Forum, 18th June, Kathmandu, Nepal.
4) http://portal.mof.gov.np/ Accessed on 18th June, 2014, Kathmandu, Nepal.
(5) http://geoportal.icimod.org/ , http://www.icimod.org/?q=9452 Accessed July 7, 2014
(6) http://opennepal.net/ Accessed Aug 2014
(7) Open Data Day 2014: promise and hope for Nepal’s open movement-March 3, 2014- http://devinit.org/open-data-day-2014-promise-hope-nepals-open-movement/ Accessed 2014"
"Nepal","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",5,"Over the last year, there has been a growing number of civil society activities and mobilisation around Open Data. Open Knowledge Foundation Nepal organized the Open Data Day in February 2014 to engage citizens and local and national governments on developing open data policies. They've also organized events such as the Open Spending Hakathon, Maker Parties and other talks to engage with the government and society. Open Spending Nepal is a group of volunteers who track down Nepal government budgets, spending, and finance. Finally Open Nepal is a coalition of four NGOs who have actively been organizing events, publishing open data and creating awareness about the importance of open data. However, the Government has yet to take a formal step forward in supporting these efforts and really engaging with these groups.
Sources:
(1) Open Data Day 2014: promise and hope for Nepal’s open movement-March 3, 2014- http://devinit.org/open-data-day-2014-promise-hope-nepals-open-movement/ Accessed 2014
(2) Open Data Day 2014 in Nepal- February 2014 http://np.okfn.org/2014/02/20/open-data-day-2014-in-nepal/
(3) Open Spending Nepal- http://openspendingnepal.org/about-us.php
(4) Open Nepal http://opennepal.net/home
(5) http://mof.gov.np/en/ Accessed on 18th June, 2014.
(6) Interview with Ram Sharan Pudasaini, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Finance, 18th June, 2014, Kathmandu, Nepal.
(7) Interview with Tara Nath Dahal, Chairman, Freedom Forum, 18th June, Kathmandu, Nepal.
(8) http://portal.mof.gov.np/ Accessed on 18th June, 2014, Kathmandu, Nepal."
"Nepal","ODB.2013.C.CITY",4,"There are a range of interventions to support a culture of innovation. For example, there are three or more examples of competitions, funding schemes or hackathon events run by the donor agency -- such as Open Nepal and World Bank (5) -- and the government's Finance Ministry. At least one NGO is actively urging the government to support the culture of innovation with open data.
There is some demand or engagement over open data from individuals or communities, but it may be isolated. There is no coordinated campaign for open data usage, and the government does not engage the community regularly.
1) http://mof.gov.np/en/ Accessed on 18th June, 2014.
2) Interview with Ram Sharan Pudasaini, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Finance, 18th June, 2014, Kathmandu, Nepal.
3) Interview with Tara Nath Dahal, Chairman, Freedom Forum, 18th June, Kathmandu, Nepal.
4) http://portal.mof.gov.np/ Accessed on 18th June, 2014, Kathmandu, Nepal.
5) http://www.opennepal.net/, http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/video/2013/08/22/nepal-violence-against-women-hackathon / / Accessed on 25th June, 2014, Kathmandu, Nepal."
"Nepal","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"There are no city or regional open data initiatives as yet. Open Nepal provides regional data on various districts, but there is no coordinated campaign for open data usage or government led initiatives.
1) http://mof.gov.np/en/ Accessed on 18th June, 2014.
2) Interview with Ram Sharan Pudasaini, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Finance, 18th June, 2014, Kathmandu, Nepal.
3) http://data.opennepal.net/districts
3) Interview with Tara Nath Dahal, Chairman, Freedom Forum, 18th June, Kathmandu, Nepal.
4) http://portal.mof.gov.np/ Accessed on 18th June, 2014, Kathmandu, Nepal."
"Nepal","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",2,"Open Nepal has provided workshops for parliamentary staff, journalists, CSO representatives, and the tech community. There is very limited training available otherwise, or those wishing to learn have to access training from outside the country.
Sources:
(1) Workshop with Parliamentary Staffs- 13 December 2013- http://www.opennepal.net/event/workshop-parliamentary-staffs
(2) Capacity Development Workshop with Journalists- 12 December 2013- http://www.opennepal.net/event/capacity-development-workshop-journalists
(3) Capacity Development Workshop with Open Nepal Partners and Key Stakeholders- 11 December 2013- http://www.opennepal.net/event/capacity-development-workshop-open-nepal-partners-and-key-stakeholders
(4) Tech Community Workshop- 12 September 2013- http://www.opennepal.net/content/tech-community-workshop"
"Nepal","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Not much evidence is available as one non-governmental organization that launched Open Data Nepal is in the process of assessing the impact of the tiny bit of open data.
1) http://data.opennepal.net/sectors / Accessed on 18th June, 2014."
"Nepal","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"Not much evidence is available as one non-governmental organization that launched Open Data Nepal is in the process of assessing the impact of the tiny bit of open data, as are Open Spending Nepal. Officials say it's gradually happening, but not visibly.
1) http://data.opennepal.net/sectors Accessed on 18th June, 2014.
2) http://openspendingnepal.org/ Accessed on 18th June, 2014."
"Nepal","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Open Data is fairly new in Nepal. There is not much evidence is available as one non-governmental organization that launched Open Data Nepal is in the process of assessing the impact of the tiny bit of open data. Officials say it's gradually happening, but not visibly.
1) http://data.opennepal.net/sectors / Accessed on 18th June, 2014."
"Nepal","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Not much evidence is available as one non-governmental organization that launched Open Data Nepal is in the process of assessing the impact of the tiny bit of open data. Officials say it's gradually happening, but not visibly.
1) http://data.opennepal.net/sectors / Accessed on 18th June, 2014."
"Nepal","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"Not much evidence is available as one non-governmental organization that launched Open Data Nepal is in the process of assessing the impact of the tiny bit of open data. Officials say it's gradually happening, but not visibly.
1) http://data.opennepal.net/sectors / Accessed on 18th June, 2014."
"Nepal","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"Not much evidence is available as one non-governmental organization that launched Open Data Nepal is in the process of assessing the impact of the tiny bit of open data. Officials say it's gradually happening, but not visibly. There's no clear evidence that entrepreneurs are using it, but since some data is available the general assumption is that they are doing it.
1) http://data.opennepal.net/sectors / Accessed on 18th June, 2014."
"Nepal","ODB.2013.C.DPL",3,"A legal or regulatory regime to promote data protection does not exist, a draft legislation is being introduced in the parliament, however. The interim constitution provisions Right to Privacy, but that's often not safeguarded by the courts with heavy penalities or punishments.
1)http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=52&func=fileinfo&id=163&lang=en/ Accessed on 11th June, 2014.
2) Taranath Dahal, President, Freedom Forum Nepal, 11th June, 2014, Kathamndu, Nepal."
"Nepal","ODB.2013.C.RTI",6,"The Right to Information Act, 2064 was passed in (2007) (4) and Right to Information Rules, 2065 were published in (2009) (5).
To support, protect and mobilise Right to Information, Nepal government have formalized a National Information Commission (6).
The interim constitution as well as the Right to Information Act 2007 ensures right to information, but citizens may not receive timely responses to requests for government information, or responses are missing key information. The legal provisions are not put to practice in letter and spirit. Although the RTI law is in place, the implementation part is weak. Most citizens tend to think that it is only for journalists and lawyers and not for ordinary people.
##Sources
(1): Taranath Dahal, President, Freedom Forum Nepal, 11th June, 2014, Kathamndu, Nepal.
(2): Mahendra Bista, President, Federation of Nepalese Journalists (FNJ), 11th June, 2014, Kathmandu, Nepal.
(3): RTI: The Promise and the Problems-26 November 2013 http://www.freedominfo.org/2013/11/rti-the-promise-and-the-problems/ Accessed Aug 2014.
(4): http://www.moic.gov.np/acts-regulations/right-to-information-act.pdf
(5): http://www.moic.gov.np/acts-regulations/right-to-information-rules.pdf
(6): http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=58120"
"Netherlands","ODB.2013.C.INIT",7,"The government has embraced open data as key policy element (1) and there is an open data portal for government data (2) and a specific open data programme (3).
## Sources
(1): Minister van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties. Kamerstuk. ‘Beantwoording Kamervragen inzake het aanbieden van overheidsinformatie’. Kamerstuk, 14 August 2013. http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten-en-publicaties/kamerstukken/2013/08/14/beantwoording-kamervragen-inzake-het-aanbieden-van-overheidsinformatie.html
(2): http://data.overheid.nl Accessed 3 July 2014
(3): https://data.overheid.nl/opendataNEXT Accessed 3 July 2014"
"Netherlands","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",9,"The Open State Foundation is actively campaigning for more open government data, and for instance has submitted a letter to Parliament with recommendations per Ministry on how to improve their open data (1). The relevant Ministers have responded to this in Parliament with an update of the state of affairs (2). Both parties also engage in community events, for instance the Open Data Next Congress (3) and the Open Data 101 event targeting municipal open data in Amsterdam (4).
## Sources
(1): Open State Foundation. ‘Hoe Open Data in Nederland de Vlucht Naar Voren Kan Nemen’, 12 October 2013. http://openstate.eu/2013/10/open-data-in-the-netherlands/.
(2): Minister van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties. Kamerstuk. ‘Kamerbrief over stand van zaken open data’. Kamerstuk, 4 November 2013. http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten-en-publicaties/kamerstukken/2013/11/04/kamerbrief-over-stand-van-zaken-open-data.html
(3): https://data.overheid.nl/opendatanext2013 Accessed 3 July 2014
(4): http://www.opendata101.nl/ Accessed 3 July 2014"
"Netherlands","ODB.2013.C.CITY",8,"The Open Data NEXT programme (1) is supporting various forms of innovation: getting citizens together to explore how open government data can help in solving their problems (2), providing a knowledge network with cases of public-private collaboration (3), and trying to scale up innovative projects and products (4).
The Government has organized one-off hackathons during the year (5) and works collaboratively with by Hack de Overheid, a Dutch open government data institute that organizes hackathons and advises government on open data policy. (6)
## Sources
(1): https://data.overheid.nl/open-data-next Accessed 3 July 2014
(2): https://data.overheid.nl/open-data-next/oploopjes Accessed 3 July 2014
(3): https://data.overheid.nl/verhalen Accessed 3 July 2014
(4): https://data.overheid.nl/node/698 Accessed 3 July 2014
(5) http://hackathonbuza.nl/post/55255021115/hackathon-buza-de-recap Accessed 9 August 2014
(6) http://p2p.coop/members/james-burke/, http://www.hackdeoverheid.nl/ Accessed 9 August 2014"
"Netherlands","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",8,"The largest cities have open data portals and policies (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Political and financial backing of these initiatives differ.
## Sources
(1): http://www.amsterdamopendata.nl Accessed 3 July 2014
(2): http://www.appsforamsterdam.nl Accessed 3 July 2014
(3): http://www.rotterdamopendata.nl Accessed 3 July 2014
(4): http://denhaag.nl/opendata Accessed 3 July 2014
(5): http://www.utrechtopendata.org/ Accessed 8 Aug 2014"
"Netherlands","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",7,"Training courses are available on open data (1, 2). University courses are available, for instance on web services and the semantic web (3, 4), and geo-data (5). A master class on data journalism focused on women in conflict areas (6).
## Sources
(1): http://www.goopleidingen.nl/info-od Accessed 3 July 2014
(2): www.edubooking.nl/transfergroep-rotterdam/stadslab-workshops-voor-ondernemers Accessed 3 July 2014
(3): http://www.few.vu.nl/nl/studenten/studiegids/2012-2013/minor/web-services-and-data/index.asp Accessed 3 July 2014
(4): http://portal.ou.nl/web/semantic-web Accessed 4 July 2014
(5): http://www.tudelft.nl/en/study/master-of-science/master-programmes/geomatics/ Accessed 3 July 2014
(6): http://www.coolpolitics.nl/projecten/masterclass-datajournalistiek-vrouwen-in-post-conflictgebieden/ Accessed 3 July 2014"
"Netherlands","ODB.2013.I.GOV",5,"There is some research looking at the impact of open data.
Wageningen University found that opening geography data has led to companies experimenting with it for new products, and in new areas of application, but without an increase in turn-over yet, and without increased interaction between the government agency and society (1).
A paper by the Delft University of Technology suggests (based on the abstract) improvements by focusing on impacts and incorporating the use and publication of open data into more (2).
Furthermore, the online Open Data Handbook maintained by the Open Data Foundation (3), provides two examples of open data improving government efficiency in the Netherlands - one about air quality and one about the Ministry of Education.
The Netherlands Court of Audit also published its first Open Data Trend Report in March 2014 (4). The fact sheets at the end of the report gives examples of the beneficial impact of open data on government efficiency.
## Sources
(1): Arnold K. Bregt, Watse Castelein, Łukasz Grus, and Dick Eertink. De Effecten van Een Open Basisregistratie Topografie (BRT). Wageningen: Wageningen University, July 2013. http://www.kadaster.nl/web/artikel/Rapport-effecten-open-data.htm
(2): Zuiderwijk, Anneke, and Marijn Janssen. ‘Open Data Policies, Their Implementation and Impact: A Framework for Comparison’. Government Information Quarterly 31, no. 1 (January 2014): 17–29. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2013.04.003.
(3): http://opendatahandbook.org/en/why-open-data/ Accessed Aug 10th 2014
(4): [http://www.courtofaudit.nl/english/Publications/Audits/Introductions/2014/03/OpenDataTrendReport](http://www.courtofaudit.nl/english/Publications/Audits/Introductions/2014/03/OpenDataTrendReport) Accessed Aug 7th 2014"
"Netherlands","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",4,"Data around education has been available for some time, and has lead to portals and services that help in selecting a school for your kid (1).
The Ministry of Health has required hospitals to publish mortality rates for different types of diseases, which has led to discussions in the media about accountability of hospitals (2). The Court of Audit published a “trend report” on open data, urging the government to be more transparent about what they do (3).
The Trend Report gives examples of how open data has increased accountability on transparency, ranking form inner organizational efficiency towards input for new ideas, fostering innovation.
## Sources
(1): http://www.scholenkeuze.nl/ Accessed 4 July 2014
(2): ‘Erasmus MC Weigert Sterftecijfers Openbaar Te Maken’. Volkskrant, 27 February 2014. http://s.vk.nl/3604665
(3): Trendrapport Open data. Den Haag, The Netherlands: Algemene Rekenkamer, 27 March 2014. http://www.rekenkamer.nl/Publicaties/Onderzoeksrapporten/Introducties/2014/03/Trendrapport_Open_data"
"Netherlands","ODB.2013.I.ENV",3,"An open data contest was announced for June, around open data and energy (1). The city of Amsterdam has published an Energy Atlas with data from various sources, and claims it has helped identify locations for potential re-use wasted energy from one organisation or building for another (2). The trend report published by the Court of Audit provides examples on how e.g. open data has been used to inform citizens in the North of Holland on severity on the issue of landfill gas extraction (3).
## Sources
(1): http://ecp.nl/events//4047/open-data-estafette-duurzame-energie.html Accessed 4 July 2014
(2): ‘Energie Atlas brengt mogelijkheden duurzame energiewinst in kaart’. Amsterdam.nl, 17 April 2014. http://www.amsterdam.nl/wonen-leefomgeving/klimaat-energie/energieatlas/@737244/pagina/
(3): http://www.courtofaudit.nl/english/Publications/Audits/Introductions/2014/03/Open_Data_Trend_Report Accessed Aug 10th 2014"
"Netherlands","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"In 2013 The Dutch Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations published an Open Government Action Plan. The plan outlines inclusive approaches in various areas. However, concrete impact still has to be seen. (1)
A dated report (January 9 2013) identifies some social issues that the Government can already tackle, notably using open data to help with issues related to senior citizens (2).
## Source
(1): http://www.opengovpartnership.org/sites/default/files/Netherlands%20Action%20Plan%20Open%20Government%20Partnership.pdf Accessed Aug 10th 2014
(2) https://data.overheid.nl/sites/data.overheid.nl/files/VerslagbijeenkomstMaatschappelijkeVraagstukkenDelft%20%281%29.pdf Accessed 11, Aug 2014"
"Netherlands","ODB.2013.I.ECON",2,"Wageningen University found that opening geography data has led to companies experimenting with it for new products, and in new areas of application, but without an increase in turn-over yet (1).
Some businesses are using open data (see I6), but research or concrete evidence on broader economical impacts was not found. However, The Open Data Barometer 2013 Global Report ranks Netherlands 10th globally, with its Impact sub-index scoring 21.4 out of 100. This includes economic impacts (2).
## Sources
(1): Arnold K. Bregt, Watse Castelein, Łukasz Grus, and Dick Eertink. De Effecten van Een Open Basisregistratie Topografie (BRT). Wageningen: Wageningen University, July 2013. http://www.kadaster.nl/web/artikel/Rapport-effecten-open-data.htm
(2): http://www.opendataresearch.org/dl/odb2013/Open-Data-Barometer-2013-Global-Report.pdf Accessed August 10th, 2014."
"Netherlands","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",5,"Wageningen University found that opening geography data has led to companies experimenting with it for new products, and in new areas of application, but without an increase in turn-over yet (1).
New businesses are being created, for instance an “environment alert service” to get notifications of new permits or zoning policies that may influence the value of property (2), and the Park Shark app to find the cheapest parking place near your destination (3).
A farm magazine offers a dashboard with commodity prices for their subscribers (4).
## Sources
(1): Arnold K. Bregt, Watse Castelein, Łukasz Grus, and Dick Eertink. De Effecten van Een Open Basisregistratie Topografie (BRT). Wageningen: Wageningen University, July 2013. http://www.kadaster.nl/web/artikel/Rapport-effecten-open-data.htm
(2): http://www.omgevingsalert.nl/pro Accessed 4 July 2014
(3): http://www.parkshark.nl/ Accessed 4 July 2014
(4): http://www.boerderij.nl/Opmaat/Dashboard/ Accessed 27 June 2014"
"Netherlands","ODB.2013.C.DPL",8,"There is a law on the protection of personal data (1). It applies to all public and private bodies that collect and process personally identifiable information, regulates consent, the right to access and correct, responsibilities of data holders and the right of redress.
There also is an official authority overseeing the proper functioning of this regulatory framework and provides guidelines, public records and information for public and private sectors on its website (2). According to the Norton Rose Fulbright Global Data Privacy the Netherlands has a comprehensive and developed data protection law that covers both private and public sectors in society (3)
## Sources
(1): Wet bescherming persoonsgegevens, 2000. http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0011468/geldigheidsdatum_20-05-2014
(2): College Bescherming Persoonsgegevens, http://www.cbpweb.nl
(3): Norton Rose Fulbright Global Data Privacy, p. 62. http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf Accessed 11 August 2014"
"Netherlands","ODB.2013.C.RTI",6,"There is a Right To Information law (1) but not a dedicated agency dealing with RTI requests. Journalists and the National Ombudsman complain about the efficiency and complicated procedures (2), often leading to governments not meeting legal deadlines, and having to compensate requesters.
This has lead to some people using RTI requests to make money (2), although the real impact of that is contested and The Netherlands has relatively few of such requests (3). Nevertheless, this has lead to proposed changes that are still under discussion in Parliament (4).
The ""global right to information rating"" of the Netherlands is 83 out of 150.
## Sources
(1): Wet openbaarheid van bestuur, 1991. http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0005252/geldigheidsdatum_20-05-2014.
(2): Avinash Bhikhie. ‘Journalisten steunen oproep Nationale Ombudsman voor afschaffing Wob’. De Volkskrant, 30 May 2013. http://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/2686/Binnenland/article/detail/3449797/2013/05/30/Journalisten-steunen-oproep-Nationale-Ombudsman-voor-afschaffing-Wob.dhtml
(3): Roger Vleugels. ‘Feiten over Wob-Misbruik’. Bigwobber: Wie Vraagt Krijgt Meer, 17 November 2013. http://www.bigwobber.nl/2013/11/17/feiten-over-wob-misbruik/.
(4): http://www.antwoordvoorbedrijven.nl/wetswijziging/aanpassing-wob Accessed 4 July 2014.
(5): http://www.rti-rating.org/view_country.php?country_name=Netherlands Accessed 15 July 2014."
"New Zealand","ODB.2013.C.INIT",8,"There is a well resourced, dedicated open data initiative in Government. data.govt.nz was given increased funding in the 2014 budget and has hired two full-time staff for two years. New Zealand was ranked 4th in the 2013 2013 Global Open Data Barometer.
(1) https://data.govt.nz/ Accessed July 10-20, 2014
(2) http://ict.govt.nz/programmes-and-initiatives/open-and-transparent-government/open-government-information-and-data-work-programm/ Accessed July 10-20, 2014
(3) http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA1311/S00179/nz-ranked-4th-in-global-open-data.htm Accessed July 10-20, 2014
(4) Interview Keitha Booth, NZ Open Government Information and Data Programme, Programme Leader, June 20, 2014
(5) Interview Rowan Crawford, Joukou, programmer and owner of OIA-dedicated site FYI.org.nz, member of The Open Government Ninjas group. June 20, 2014"
"New Zealand","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",7,"The Government regularly engages with the Open Government Ninjas group and has engaged with ANGOA - the Association of Non-Governmental Organisations of Aotearoa. A list of public and civil society groups that engage actively with the government can be found on the open data website .A few ""hack-a-thons"" have been held to engage people.
(1) Interview Keitha Booth, NZ Open Government Information and Data Programme, Programme Leader, June 20, 2014
(2) Interview Rowan Crawford, Joukou, programmer and owner of OIA-dedicated site FYI.org.nz, member of The Open Government Ninjas group. June 20, 2014
(3) https://data.govt.nz/forums/
(4) http://transportblog.co.nz/2014/03/14/auckland-civic-hackathon-launched/ Accessed June 6, 2014"
"New Zealand","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"There have been a couple of hackathons in the study period run by LINZ and Auckland Transport, but no other awards or central Government grants or support.
(1) Open Data Hackathon hosted by LINZ, 7 Dec 2013 http://openhackchristchurch.splashthat.com/
(2) Hackackl, Auckland transport hackathon, May 24-25 2014 http://hackakl.org.nz/
(3) http://work.miramarmike.co.nz/2014/05/open-data-skunworks-with-result-9-review.html"
"New Zealand","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",1,"City and regional councils supply a few datasets to data.govt.nz but very few have functioning open data initiatives of their own.
(1) Interview Keitha Booth, NZ Open Government Information and Data Programme, Programme Leader, June 20, 2014
(2) Interview Rowan Crawford, Joukou, programmer and owner of OIA-dedicated site FYI.org.nz, member of The Open Government Ninjas group. June 20, 2014"
"New Zealand","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",4,"No dedicated open data training was found other than conventional programmes on statistics, computer programming etc.
(1) Interview Keitha Booth, NZ Open Government Information and Data Programme, Programme Leader, June 20, 2014
(2) Interview Rowan Crawford, Joukou, programmer and owner of OIA-dedicated site FYI.org.nz, member of The Open Government Ninjas group. June 20, 2014"
"New Zealand","ODB.2013.I.ECON",5,"Limited impact but there are a few examples of businesses using open data. Koordinates, a mapping company, has grown from 2 to 10 employees and another mapping company Mogeo is sited as building a business on open data.
(1) Interview Keitha Booth, NZ Open Government Information and Data Programme, Programme Leader, June 20, 2014
(2) Interview Rowan Crawford, Joukou, programmer and owner of OIA-dedicated site FYI.org.nz, member of The Open Government Ninjas group. June 20, 2014 https://koordinates.com/
(3) http://ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/case-studies/open-data/ Accessed June 10-20, 2014
(4) http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/unlimited/10104384/Kiwi-tech-firm-mapping-out-strong-future Accessed June 10-20, 2014
(5) http://ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/case-studies/open-data/mogeo/ Accessed June 10-20, 2014"
"New Zealand","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",3,"No impact found.
(1) Interview Keitha Booth, NZ Open Government Information and Data Programme, Programme Leader, June 20, 2014
(2) Interview Rowan Crawford, Joukou, programmer and owner of OIA-dedicated site FYI.org.nz, member of The Open Government Ninjas group. June 20, 2014"
"New Zealand","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No evidence of impact
(1) Interview Keitha Booth, NZ Open Government Information and Data Programme, Programme Leader, June 20, 2014
(2) Interview Rowan Crawford, Joukou, programmer and owner of OIA-dedicated site FYI.org.nz, member of The Open Government Ninjas group. June 20, 2014"
"New Zealand","ODB.2013.I.GOV",5,"Evidence of impacts are hard to find but a few successful examples exist of mapping increasing Government efficiency.
(1) http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/unlimited/10104384/Kiwi-tech-firm-mapping-out-strong-future
(2) http://ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/case-studies/open-data/mogeo/
(3) Interview Keitha Booth, NZ Open Government Information and Data Programme, Programme Leader, June 20, 2014
(4) Interview Rowan Crawford, Joukou, programmer and owner of OIA-dedicated site FYI.org.nz, member of The Open Government Ninjas group. June 20, 2014"
"New Zealand","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",5,"No new businesses could be found in the study period.
(1) Interview Keitha Booth, NZ Open Government Information and Data Programme, Programme Leader, June 20, 2014
(2) Interview Rowan Crawford, Joukou, programmer and owner of OIA-dedicated site FYI.org.nz, member of The Open Government Ninjas group. June 20, 2014"
"New Zealand","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"No evidence found.
(1) Interview Keitha Booth, NZ Open Government Information and Data Programme, Programme Leader, June 20, 2014
(2)Interview Rowan Crawford, Joukou, programmer and owner of OIA-dedicated site FYI.org.nz, member of The Open Government Ninjas group. June 20, 2014"
"New Zealand","ODB.2013.C.DPL",9,"A strong legal data protection framework exists and is enforced by the Human Rights Commission, including rulings made against some Government departments.
(1) Privacy Act, Information Privacy Principles, Part 2, Section 6, Information Privacy Principles. 1993.
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0028/latest/DLM297038.html Accessed June 10-20, 2014
(2) Number of Privacy Act decisions made by the Human Rights Commission as detailed in the Human Rights Commission Annual Report 2013, p24. http://www.hrc.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/1999/11/HRC_AR2013_FINAL.pdf Accessed June 10-20, 2014"
"New Zealand","ODB.2013.C.RTI",8,"New Zealand has a right to information law - the Official Information Act, 1982 - which is free, wide-ranging and easy to use. The Ombudsman, the office responsible for dealing with complaints, has expressed concern at non-compliance but has become so overloaded with complaints that it is unable to properly police the law.
(1) Interview Hayden Glass, former Vodafone Head of Public Policy, June 19, 2014
(2) Interview Rowan Crawford, Joukou, programmer and owner of OIA-dedicated site FYI.org.nz, June 20, 2014
(3) http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/o/official-information-your-right-to-know Accessed June 10-20, 2014
(4) Official Information Act 1982 2http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1982/0156/latest/DLM64785.html Accessed June 10-20, 2014"
"Nigeria","ODB.2013.C.INIT",3,"The Nigerian federal government launched open data initiative this year(1) but the intiatiative has not yet been resourced.
The government has expressed commitment to open data initiative as evidenced in the speech of the communication minister.(2). The initiative followed the launch of the first indigenous open data portal in Nigeria at the state level) by Edo state government in September 2013.
Sources:
1. Punch, Govt commences open data initiative, Everest Amaefule, 31 January 2014, http://www.punchng.com/business/business-economy/govt-commences-open-data-initiative/
2. Ministry of Communication and Technology, FG Kicks Off Open Data Initiative, http://commtech.gov.ng/index.php/videos/news-and-event/128-fg-kicksoff-opendata-initiative
3. Open Data : http://opendatang.tumblr.com/
4. Channels Television, Edo Launches First Open Data Portal In Nigeria, 13 September 2013, http://www.channelstv.com/2013/09/13/edo-launches-first-open-data-portal-in-nigeria/"
"Nigeria","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",1,"The first indigenous open data portal in Nigeria was launched (at the state level) by Edo state government in September 2013. The portal gives access to data on Edo state government, international organizations and non-state actors. Edo State remains the only state(out of Nigeria's 36 states) to launch an open data at the regional level.
At least one government-owned university: The University of Ilorin, Kwara State, has made some effort at running open data.
Sources:
1. Channels Television, Edo Launches First Open Data Portal In Nigeria, 13 September 2013, http://www.channelstv.com/2013/09/13/edo-launches-first-open-data-portal-in-nigeria/
2. Edo States Open data link: http://data.edostate.gov.ng/dataset
3. Unilorin page, FG hails Unilorin's commitment to open data initiative, 14 April 2014, http://www.unilorin.edu.ng/index.php/en/arts/237-unilorinnews/3723-fg-hails-unilorin-s-commitment-to-open-data-initiative
4. http://www.opendataresearch.org/project/2013/unilorin
(All sites accessed 4 July 2014)"
"Nigeria","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"The government has hailed efforts aimed towards open data.
In January, ahead of the launch, the government organized a Data Clinic in partnership with the World Bank
Beyond those, there are no known competitions, grants or specific support to aid open data culture.
Sources:
1. University of Ilorin, FG hails Unilorin's commitment to open data initiative, 14 April 2014, http://www.unilorin.edu.ng/index.php/en/arts/237-unilorinnews/3723-fg-hails-unilorin-s-commitment-to-open-data-initiative
2. Data Clinic : http://dclinic.dbootcamp.org/ (Accessed 11 July 2014)"
"Nigeria","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",3,"Open data has gained much attention in Nigeria in recent times. A number of CSOs and data-based groups have worked with the government and have pushed for open data in Nigeria in the last one year. Many CSOs attended the government launch this year of the Open Data Initiative.
Sources:
1. YouthhubAfrica, Shamaiki Dalton, Rape, Maternal Mortality and Open Data, 6 April 2014, http://youthhubafrica.org/2014/04/06/rape-maternal-mortality-and-open-data/
2. Spaces for Change, Open Data Initiative Launched, 6 February 2014, http://spacesforchange.blogspot.com/2014/02/open-data-initiative-launched.html
3. Example of nongovernmental data site(election monitoring): http://polls.policyng.com/"
"Nigeria","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",3,"In January, ahead of the launch of open data intiative, the government organized a Data Clinic in partnership with the World Bank. The University of Ilorin has developed an Open Data Research Group(2), with some developing acitivites for students around open data, and the Co-Creation Hub in Lagos supports ICT innovators, with some activities around open data (3).
Beyond that, there are no known training to support to aid open data culture.
Sources:
(1): Data Clinic : http://dclinic.dbootcamp.org/ (Accessed 11 July 2014)
(2): http://www.unilorin.edu.ng/index.php/en/arts/237-unilorinnews/3723-fg-hails-unilorin-s-commitment-to-open-data-initiative
(3): http://cchubnigeria.com/tag/smwlagos/"
"Nigeria","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Despite launching Open Data Initiative in February 2014, there is low public interest and knowledge about open data in Nigeria. The government itself has yet to release data that could be used for increasing government efficiency.
However, there are a few applications and web portals that utilize data sourced independently.(1)
Sources:
1. Budget Visualisation Platform: http://www.yourbudgit.com/
2. http://procurementmonitor.org/"
"Nigeria","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"Despite launching Open Data Initiative in February 2014, there is low public interest and knowledge about open data in Nigeria. The government itself has yet to release data that could be used for increasing government efficiency.
However, there are a few applications and web portals that utilize data sourced independently.(1)
Sources:
1. Budget Visualisation Platform: http://www.yourbudgit.com/
2. http://procurementmonitor.org/"
"Nigeria","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Despite launching Open Data Initiative in February 2014, there is low public interest and knowledge about open data in Nigeria. The government itself has yet to release data that could be used for increasing government efficiency.
However, there are a few applications and web portals that utilize data sourced independently.(1)
Sources:
1. Budget Visualisation Platform: http://www.yourbudgit.com/
2. http://procurementmonitor.org/"
"Nigeria","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Despite launching Open Data Initiative in February 2014, there is low public interest and knowledge about open data in Nigeria. The government itself has yet to release data that could be used for increasing government efficiency.
However, there are a few applications and web portals that utilize data sourced independently.(1)
Sources:
1. Budget Visualisation Platform: http://www.yourbudgit.com/
2. http://procurementmonitor.org/"
"Nigeria","ODB.2013.I.ECON",1,"Despite launching Open Data Initiative in February 2014, there is low public interest and knowledge about open data in Nigeria. The government itself has yet to release data that could be used to increase transparency and efficiency.
The slow pace of implementation has affected its anticipated positive impact on the economy and governance.
However, there are a few applications and web portals that utilize data sourced independently.(1)
Sources:
1. Budget Visualisation Platform: http://www.yourbudgit.com/
2. http://procurementmonitor.org/"
"Nigeria","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",1,"Despite launching Open Data Initiative in February 2014, there is low public interest and knowledge about open data in Nigeria. The government itself has yet to release data that could be used for increasing government efficiency.
However, there are a few applications and web portals that utilize data sourced independently.(1)
Sources:
1. Budget Visualisation Platform: http://www.yourbudgit.com/
2. http://procurementmonitor.org/"
"Nigeria","ODB.2013.C.DPL",3,"There is no specific legal or regulatory data protection framework. A bill to deal with data protection, first proposed in 2008, and re-presented in 2013, is still before the National Assembly.
Sources:
1. file:///C:/Users/PT-Workstation%201/Downloads/HB%20154.pdf (Accessed 3 July 2014)
2. AllAfrica, Adoke Lauds NIMC Proposed Draft Bill On Information, Data Protection, 21 February 2013, http://allafrica.com/stories/201302220301.html
3.Interview with Samuel Ogala, Legal Practitioner, Falana and Falana chambers, Abuja, 30 June 2014
4. Global Data Privacy Directory, Norton Rose Flbright (2014) - http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf"
"Nigeria","ODB.2013.C.RTI",5,"There is a Freedom to Information Act. Some government offices respond to requests, some do not. Some also respond within seven days as stipulated in the law, others take months. Generally, officials are usually dodgy and unwilling to provide requested information. And where they respond, the quality of the information are most times not as requested.
Source:
1. Act: http://www.nigeria-law.org/Legislation/LFN/2011/Freedom%20Of%20Information%20Act.pdf
2. Justice Ministry's dedicated unit: http://foia.justice.gov.ng/"
"Norway","ODB.2013.C.INIT",8,"Norway has participated in OGP since the initiative was taken in 2010. They also participated when the partnership was launched in New York in September in 2011.The Foreign Ministry in Norway was originally in charge of coordinating the work with OGP in Norway. The responsibility was turned over to The Ministry of Government Administration, Reform and Church Affairs in January 2013. Norway is currently implementing the 1st and developing the 2nd action plans(7)
Also, Norway is ranked 4th by the Open Data Index of the Open Knowledge Foundation.
Regarding the criteria:
- The government discloses data or information without request from citizens. This may be according to a release schedule or ad hoc: There is a government-funded website and database with open data and information available from different governmental and non-governmental sources (2). The information is released even without request from citizens. A large number of public bodies have published data (4)
- The Internet is the primary means of disclosure. Mobile phone applications may also be used for disclosure: The Internet is the main media of delivery of open data (2).
- Data is free to access and re-use, e.g. open licenses: The hosting website suggests that data are provided under the Norwegian Licence for Open Government Data (2)
- Data is in a machine-readable format to enable computer-based reuse, e.g. spreadsheet formats, Application Programming Interface (API): Different types of machine-readable formats are available. Some cases offer API, like the Statistics Norway (3).
A policy statement is published by the Ministry for Local Government and Modernisation (5). There are certain shortcomings, mainly because the initiatives are still recent and didn't have time to show an effect (6).
## Sources
(1) https://index.okfn.org/country
(2) http://data.norge.no/
(3) http://data.ssb.no/api/
(4) http://data.norge.no/organization/
(5) http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/kmd/dok/lover_regler/retningslinjer/2012/retningslinjer-ved-tilgjengeliggjoring-a.html?id=708912
(6) http://www.tu.no/it/2013/11/13/norske-data-i-verdenstoppen
(7) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/norway"
"Norway","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",5,"There is a strong community, mostly around Open Knowledge Foundation (1) and close connection with the Nordic Open Data Ecosystem group (2), but limited number of communications and activities. The events that organised by the Open Data initiative do not involve civil society and partners outside the government (3). There is one common publication of a governmental organisation with the Open Knowledge Foundation (4). Reviewer's comments: my own conversations with data.no confirm that there's not too much of a central effort from the government to engage with CSOs or citizens regarding open data. Moreover, while there are activists in Norway, they're not very well organised, or centrally organised for that matter.
## Sources
(1) https://okfn.org/network/norway/
(2) http://pad.okfn.org/p/okfn_nordics_hangout_pad
(3) http://data.norge.no/aktuelt
(4) http://data.norge.no/sites/data/files/Veileder-i-tilgjengeliggjoring-av-offentlige-data-V2.pdf"
"Norway","ODB.2013.C.CITY",4,"Generally speaking, There isn't that much of a central government plan of how to further open data adoption ( I'm in touch with one of the data.no coordinators ) but there's a desire there can be. However, there is a publication in collaboration with the Open Knowledge Foundation that promotes the culture of innovation with open data (1).
Criteria:
- Running competitions in which prize money is offered to innovators creating tools, services or commercial applications using open data: A competition was organised in 2013 (2) with 38 apps and 50 ideas as submissions. The last similar competition was organised in 2011 (hackathon).
- Organising hackathon events which invite developers to create prototype tools and services over one or two day events; A hackathon was organised in 2011 (1) and one on 8th February 2014 by the Art Council of Norway with other governmental and non-governmental bodies too (3).
- Organising incubators and open data boot camps specifically targeted at supporting innovative uses of open data; No evidence of such initiative.
- Offering grant funding or innovation vouchers specifically targeted at encouraging businesses to engage with open data; No evidence of such initiative.
## Sources
(1) http://data.norge.no/sites/data/files/Veileder-i-tilgjengeliggjoring-av-offentlige-data-V2.pdf
(2) http://www.apps4norge.no/
(3) http://kulturognaturreise.wordpress.com/2013/10/23/hack4no-hack-your-heritage/"
"Norway","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",6,"Several municipalities (22/428) are offering open data (1), but through the central governmental database for open data. There are also open data initiatives in county level (approx. 44) (2-3). Not all the municipalities of the biggest cities in Norway have open data available (Stavanger and Trondheim for example).
## Sources
(1) http://data.norge.no/data/search/oslo?f[0]=im_field_organization%3A223
(2) http://apps.t-fk.no/api/#/
(3) http://data.norge.no/data/statistikk-og-tabellbank-akershus-fylkeskommune"
"Norway","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",7,"In addition to university level training that is related to open data skill set, there are some training activities organised by different actors (1-4). No widespread access to training in Norwegian or in the Norwegian context. No world class training.
## Sources
(1) 6th of February 2014, http://kulturognaturreise.wordpress.com/2014/01/17/seminar-apne-data-i-kultursektoren-torsdag-6-februar/
(2) 2013, http://www.tekna.no/portal/page/portal/kurs/vis_arrangement?p_kp_id=36445
(3) May 2014, http://data.norge.no/aktuelt/2014/04/difi-og-br%C3%B8nn%C3%B8ysundregistrene-arrangerer-kurs-i-datajournalistikk
(4) http://www.tekna.no/ikbViewer/Content/877188/%C3%85pne%20data%20seminar%202013-09-02versjon%208%20august.pdf"
"Norway","ODB.2013.I.GOV",6,"One example comes from the Freedom of Information area and not exactly from Open Data. The biggest newspaper analysed, published and reported data from reports about kindergartens in Norway (1). This could have contributed to changes that took place in the responsible authorities of the kindergartens from the municipalities to the counties (2). There is also the example of the Norwegian Public Roads Administration that offers data about the road network as open source. One example of increasing effectiveness is that it is possible through their own app that is using the Open Dataset, to suggest correction in the data about roads (3). Another example was the changes in the firefighters structure possibly as a response to articles from the newspaper VG (4) based on data available by the Directorate of Civil protection (5). In another example from 2012, the same newspaper published the budget of the ministries and asked the readers to report suspicious or problematic expenses (6). There were at least many stories published based on tips from the readers and some of them made the government to respond and re-evaluate cases/expenses.
## Sources
(1) http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/barnehagegranskingen/slik-har-vi-gransket-barnehagene/a/10101102/
(2) http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/barnehagegranskingen/halvorsen-mange-utfordringer-i-barnehagesektoren/a/10101831/
(3) http://www.vegvesen.no/Fag/Teknologi/Nasjonal+vegdatabank/Tjenester
(4) http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/brannberedskapen/faremo-varsler-store-endringer-i-brannvesenet/a/10056724/
(5) http://www.dsb.no/no/Statistikk/Statistikk1/Ressursoversikt-for-brannvesen-/Ressursoversikt-for-brannvesen-2012/
(6) http://www.vg.no/spesial/2012/depdok/"
"Norway","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",6,"There is a website that offers information regarding the accountability of the parties in the parliament (1). The website presents in what extent the parties are keeping their promises, and is based on open data offered by the parliament (through API). The website has been mentioned and used by the media during the pre-election period of 2013 (2-3). See also some news articles referencing the PMO Holder de Ord: (4), (5)
(6), (7).
## Sources
(1) https://www.holderdeord.no/
(2) NRK Internet debate, http://www.coveritlive.com/index2.php/option=com_altcaster/task=viewaltcast/altcast_code=9d15b66251/height=550/width=470
(3) NRK article, http://www.nrk.no/valg2013/slik-blir-partilederdebatten-1.11218489
(4) http://www.nrk.no/valg2013/holder-ord---mer-enn-vi-tror-1.11092674
(5) http://www.dagsavisen.no/samfunn/na-kan-du-avslore-politikernes-loftebrudd/
(6) http://www.vestkantavisen.no/2013/06/09/holder-politikerne-ord/
(7) http://www.3in.no/pa-vei-mot-demokrati-2-0/"
"Norway","ODB.2013.I.ENV",2,"There are some cases on media that refer to data from the open data portal for the environment (1). The extensive use of the portal as reference (2-4) are a good example but there is no evidence that those data have lead to changes.
## Sources
(1) http://www.miljostatus.no
(2) http://www.nrk.no/sapmi/_-diskriminerer-finnmarkinger-1.7247518
(3) http://www.nrk.no/ostfold/dette-skal-vaere-et-_stille-omrade_-1.11062648
(4) http://www.osloby.no/nyheter/Sa-brakete-er-det-hos-deg-7235258.html#.U6rjaI2SwVo"
"Norway","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No such evidence."
"Norway","ODB.2013.I.ECON",5,"No peer-review studies of open data economic impacts yet exist.
There are a number of companies whose growth can be attributed to open data, such as http://www.stormgeo.com/, which has grown from 5 employees to a large international company using weather data[1]. The data.norway.no team report 'There are increased efficiencies in business through for example the release of company data.' though published sources highlighting this could not be located.
The Norwegian Company register opened a lot of their data in 2012 and there has been huge uptake by businesses for e-invoicing. There are over 190,000 page views per week on average on their API, a high rate given the population of Norway is 5 million[2][3].
The most popular datasets for apps are weather data (which has been opened for over 5 years in Norway)and traffic data. The National Roads Authority has opened up their entire database – (the same database which they use internally!) and this is proving very popular. Also there are a number of real time transport apps[1].
[1]: Correspondence with Heather Broomfield of the Norwegian Open Data Portal (data.norway.no) [2013.08.29],
[2]: http://blog.opencorporates.com/2012/06/12/norway-becomes-first-ogp-country-to-open-its-company-data-and-belgium-announces-it-will-too/ and [3]:http://www.zdnet.com/norway-takes-pole-position-in-open-gov-database-race-6325000142/
(1) http://data.norge.no/app"
"Norway","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",2,"There are a few companies based on open data. Some of them are listed on the open data portal (1).
## Sources
(1) http://data.norge.no/app"
"Norway","ODB.2013.C.DPL",9,"Norway has a data protection law since 1978 (1). There is an authority that is responsible for safeguarding personal data in Norway (2). Regarding the criteria:
A legal or regulatory data protection framework exists that is broadly applicable (1)
provides the right of choice/consent to individuals (3)
provides the right to access and/or correct one's personal data (4)
imposes clear responsibilities on information holders and provides a right of redress against both private and public bodies that violate data privacy (5)
The Authority is active in publishing reports and criticising ICTs for violations of the law (6).
## Sources
(1) http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2000034
(2) https://www.datatilsynet.no/English/
(3) https://www.datatilsynet.no/personvern/Melding-og-konsesjon/
(4) https://www.datatilsynet.no/personvern/Retting-og-sletting/
(5) https://www.datatilsynet.no/personvern/Personvernprinsipper/
(6) From 2012, http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/datatilsynet-kritiserer-facebook/a/10067492/"
"Norway","ODB.2013.C.RTI",7,"Freedom of Information law in Norway since 1970, current law introduced in 2006, and freedom of information is mentioned in the Constitution. Norway has Regarding Right-to-information law, Norway is ranked 58th according to the RTI rating (1). Criteria for scoring:
- It is free of charge: yes (4)
- Evidence that citizens generally receive responses to requests for government information within the legally stipulated time as governed by the RTI / FOI law and at the cost defined by law: The Parliamentary Omdudsman mentions in the report of activities from 2013 that many complaints regard no answer or missing information from the authorities (3). There is also discussion regarding the unwillingness/inability of some municipalities to comply (3)
- The responses are typically of acceptable quality.
- An RTI law or similar legal right enshrines the right to such requests: The law gives the right to such requests (4).
- There is a dedicated agency that adjudicates cases that are refused by the government: The Parliamentary Ombudsman is responsible for final evaluation of complaints for the public sector (2). To file a complain is free of charge and can be done electronically.
- This role is taken seriously and there is evidence of its work being effective and respected. The Parliamentary Ombudsman's report for 2013 shows that there are around 3000 cases processed, and that the outcome of the decisions are generally respected (3).
- There can be exceptions in which information is not released to protect national security or public interests clearly prescribed by law (e.g., medical records, sexual orientation, etc.), but the legal reason must be stated clearly in the response from the government to the citizen who requested the information: This is described in the law (4).
Regarding the low RTI rating, there have been identified weaknesses regarding the lack promotional measures, lack of sanctions, the requesting procedures, the scope and the exceptions from the law (1). The RTI rating is describing the law, and not the actual situation, whilst the Web Index criteria have been answered based on evidence of the current situation in Norway. In municipality level there are problems with the implementation of the law, despite the clear inclusion of the municipal authorities in the juristriction of the law.
## Sources
(1) http://www.rti-rating.org/country_rating.php
(2) https://www.sivilombudsmannen.no/klage/eksempler/
(3) https://www.sivilombudsmannen.no/getfile.php/Filer/%C3%85rsmelding/Engelsk%20%C3%A5rsmelding.pdf
(4) http://www.rti-rating.org/files/pdf/Norway.pdf"
"Pakistan","ODB.2013.C.INIT",0,"There is some talk by the provincial governments, like Punjab (1) and KPK (2) but little has happened beyond discussions, intentions and ideas floated among citizens. Even the Punjab government website for open data (3) is non functional these days. It might be a temporary setback but nevertheless it is offline when conducting this survey.
##Sources
1. http://itu.edu.pk/research/centre-for-techology-and-governance/
2. http://mishal.com.pk/kpk-right-to-information-act-a-revolutionary-step-towards-accountability-and-transparency-for-creating-economic-dividends-for-citizens/
3. http://www.data.gov.pk"
"Pakistan","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",6,"Civil Society Organizations like Bolobhi (1) and Universities (2) have been trying to convince government for not only more transparency but opening up information as Open data. IT Professionals (3) have done some work towards promoting the cause of Open Data.
##Sources
1. http://bolobhi.org/activities/our-projects/bolo-bhi-minority-report-mapping-instances-of-sectarian-violence/
2. http://itu.edu.pk/research/centre-for-techology-and-governance/
3. http://www.kubairshirazee.com/tag/open-data/"
"Pakistan","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"However, In my research I only found some instances of competition (1) and grant provided (2) to build upon an open data initiative for provincial government. At the same time, there have been some highly successful PITB funded (3) and Code for Pakistan (4) sponsored Civic Hackathons (5) nation wide that has helped bring awareness to this issue.
KPK Provincial government has partnered with Code for Pakistan to launch a Fellowship program (6) to help jump start collaboration and civic engagement with the government.
##Sources
1. http://opengov.newschallenge.org/open/open-government/submission/data.gov.pk/
2. http://www.pitb.gov.pk/sdi
3. http://www.pitb.gov.pk/events_hackathon
4. http://www.codeforpakistan.org/about.html
5. http://www.codeforpakistan.org/kp-hacks.html, http://pasha.org.pk/event/lahore-civic-hackathon-code-for-pakistan/
6. http://www.codeforpakistan.org/peshawar-fellowship-program.html"
"Pakistan","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"All the work in open data initiative is currently being done at provincial level. That too in two provinces so far, namely Punjab (1)(2) and KPK (3).
##Sources
1. http://www.pitb.gov.pk/sdi,
2. http://www.pitb.gov.pk/events_hackathon,
3. http://www.codeforpakistan.org/peshawar-fellowship-program.html"
"Pakistan","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",3,"Little or no work is being done to provide training for individuals and businesses wishing to increase their skills or build businesses to use open data."
"Pakistan","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"None"
"Pakistan","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"None"
"Pakistan","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"None"
"Pakistan","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"None"
"Pakistan","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"None"
"Pakistan","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",1,"There are a few examples of where open data has created an impact. Like Alif Ailaan (1) used it to map education levels in K-12 in Pakistan and create district wise rankings. Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf (2) political party used election results data to write white papers on rigging and call upon re-election in those constituencies.
##Sources
1. http://www.alifailaan.pk/
2. http://insaaf.pk"
"Pakistan","ODB.2013.C.DPL",4,"A legal and regulatory framework exists (1) but there are issues (2) including Government of Pakistan approaching Facebook (3), and other similar sites for personal data.
##Sources
(1): http://jamilandjamil.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Data%20Protection%20Act-%20Draft%20for%202nd%20Workshop.pdf
(2): https://www.privacyinternational.org/reports/state-of-legal-protections-in-asia/pakistan
(3): http://bolobhi.org/facebook-transparency-pakistan-critism-blocked/"
"Pakistan","ODB.2013.C.RTI",5,"The law exists (1). It is a fairly new law (enacted in 2013) but has had some success as being tracked (2) and reported by BoloBhi Foundation.
Sources
1. http://tribune.com.pk/story/564305/right-to-information-act-2013/
2. http://bolobhi.org/tracking-right-to-information-requests/"
"Peru","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",3,"There are several communities demanding in Peru the use of Open Data (1) (2). The government has integrated some of them in the process of elaboration of its Action Plan for an Open Government and they have representatives in the council which monitors its implementation (3). In addition to this, in the last year two hackathons have been organized in Lima, one of them was international (4) and the other one have been supported by Lima municipality (5).
Other activities to promote the use of Open Data took place in the country (6).
##Sources
(1): www.ciudadanosaldia.org Accessed 13th July 2014
(2): www.proetica.org.pe Accessed 13th July 2014
(3): http://www.opengovpartnership.org/sites/default/files/REP_CUMPLIMIENTO_GGAA.pdf Accessed 13th July 2014
(4): http://arellanojuan.com/22-de-febrero-2014-primer-open-data-day-en-lima/ Accessed 13th July 2014
(5): http://www.munlima.gob.pe/hackaton/hackaton-lima-2014 Accessed 13th July 2014
(6): http://mascultura.pe/blog/2013/primera-cocina-de-datos-en-cultura-de-arequipa-8-de-junio-2013/ Accessed 13th July 2014
(7): http://www.carlosqg.info/index.php/noticias/179-estado-datos-abiertos-investigacion Accessed 13th July 2014"
"Peru","ODB.2013.C.INIT",3,"Peruvian government has an agenda to release open data, as part of a plan of open government (1). It launched a transparency strategy in 2011, but actually the open data project is still at the first stages. In the last year the government has released many data through ICTs to boost citizens involvement in public policies, but it’s not Open Data: the information isn't always updated, it isn’t usually machine readable nor licensed (2).
A government website with Open Data is expected in the last quarter of this year. This site will be run by de Public Management Secretary (Secretaría de Gestión Pública), (3) which depends on the Presidency of the Cabinet, but lacks staff and budget, provided mainly by Inter-American Development Bank and Germany cooperation (2).
##Sources
(1): http://sgp.pcm.gob.pe/images/gobierno_abierto/plan_aga_desarrollo/PLAN_DE_ACCION_DE_GOBIERNO_ABIERTO_-_DESARROLLO.pdf Accessed 14th July 2014
(2): Interview with Carlos Arroyo, consultant of Proética, peruvian chapter of Transparency International 15th July 2014
(3): http://sgp.pcm.gob.pe/ 14th July 2014"
"Peru","ODB.2013.C.CITY",1,"Peruvian government ir not supporting yet a culture of innovation with open data (1). Anyway there have been some hackatons and other events organised by civil society (2) (3) and Lima municipality (4).
##Sources
(1): Interview with Carlos Arroyo, consultant of Proética, peruvian chapter of Transparency International 15th July 2014
(2): http://mascultura.pe/blog/2013/primera-cocina-de-datos-en-cultura-de-arequipa-8-de-junio-2013/ Accessed 14th July 2014
(3): http://arellanojuan.com/22-de-febrero-2014-primer-open-data-day-en-lima/ Accessed 14th July 2014
(4): http://www.munlima.gob.pe/hackaton/hackaton-lima-2014 Accessed 14th July 2014"
"Peru","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",2,"Only the government of the capital, Lima, (with 7.5 million inhabitants, almost a quarter of peruvian population) has an Open Data initiative (1), with a website with updated data (2).
##Sources
(1): Interview with Carlos Arroyo, consultant of Proética, peruvian chapter of Transparency International 15th July 2014
(2): http://lima.datosabiertos.pe/home/"
"Peru","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",2,"No training in the use of Open Data is provided by government or business organizations in Peru (1). The only training about Open Data has been provided by Hacks-Hackers (2), a group of journalists, hackers and software developers who aim to explore ICTs to spread information with public interest. But actually it has been a one-day event for journalists and hackers.
Nevertheless, Higher Education general offer in Peru could cover some of the issues mentioned (data technologies, web technologies, mobile web, data science and statistics, etc.), even when these may not be specifically focused on Open Data.
##Sources
(1): Interview with Carlos Arroyo, consultant of Proética, peruvian chapter of Transparency International 15th July 2014
(2): http://www.meetup.com/Hacks-Hackers-Lima/events/183927622/ Accessd 13th July 2014"
"Peru","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Nor open data has been yet released by peruvian government, so there have not been impacts at all. Lima government has an Open Data website, but not a single case has been found of any impact, probably because of the lack of training."
"Peru","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Nor open data has been yet released by peruvian government, so there have not been impacts at all. Lima government has an Open Data website, but not a single case has been found of any impact, probably because of the lack of training."
"Peru","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"Nor open data has been yet released by peruvian government, so there have not been impacts at all. Lima government has an Open Data website, but not a single case has been found of any impact, probably because of the lack of training."
"Peru","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"Nor open data has been yet released by peruvian government, so there have not been impacts at all. Lima government has an Open Data website, but not a single case has been found of any impact, probably because of the lack of training."
"Peru","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"Nor open data has been yet released by peruvian government, so there have not been impacts at all. Lima government has an Open Data website, but not a single case has been found of any impact, probably because of the lack of training."
"Peru","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Nor open data has been yet released by peruvian government, so there have not been impacts at all. Lima government has an Open Data website, but not a single case has been found of any impact, probably because of the lack of training."
"Peru","ODB.2013.C.DPL",6,"Peru has a personal data protection law since 2011 (1), although it came into force in may 2013 with an adjustment period of two years for public offices and companies. The law is very comprehensive, imposes clear responsibilities on information holders and includes the right to correct and of redress, but after the first year its application isn’t widespread at all, mainly because the office in charge of it has not resources an couldn’t make a campaign of divulgation (2).
In that first year three claims had been raised and only three ministries and around 50 companies had registered their databases to the authority (3).
In the center of Lima is still working a renowned black market where databases with sensitive information can be bought at a cheap price (4).
##Sources
(1): http://www.pcm.gob.pe/transparencia/Resol_ministeriales/2011/ley-29733.pdf Accessed 10th July 2014
(2): Interview with Erick Iriarte, lawyer specialized in Internet resources 16th July 2014
(3): Interview with Oscar Montezuma, lawyer specialized in ICTs 16th July 2014
(4): http://peru21.pe/actualidad/extorsiones-lima-cae-mujer-base-datos-ejecutivos-2168129 Accessd 16th July 2014"
"Peru","ODB.2013.C.RTI",7,"Peru has a Right to Information law since 2003 (1) which is operating at a reasonably good level (2). The authorities are used to answer the requests for information within a week, which is the time stipulated by the law and the cases in which they are allowed to refuse are very clear in the law. No abuses in refusal has been reported (3).
There is a transparency website which canalize the requests (4) managed by the Presidency of the Cabinet and, according to 2013 ombudsman’s report (5), the level of observance of the law by national government was 97%, in the regional authorities was 87% and in the municipalities 53%.
Nevertheless, they not always answer what they are asked for and the use of this right is not very widespread, mainly because of connectivity problems in many rural places (3). The RTI law is also criticized because there is no any specific agency to deal with enquiries and claims when a request for for information when it is refused. Besides, according to some specialists, some offices are abusing of recent personal data protection law to refuse some request (6).
##Sources
(1): http://www.peru.gob.pe/normas/docs/LEY_27806.pdf Accessed 15th July 2014
(2): http://www.unmsm.edu.pe/noticias/ver/exitoso-primer-encuentro-sobre-apertura-de-datos Accessed 15th July 2014
(3): Phone interview with Carlos Arroyo, consultant of Proética 15th July 2014
(4): http://www.peru.gob.pe/transparencia/pep_transparencia.asp Accessed 15th July 2014
(5): http://www.defensoria.gob.pe/modules/Downloads/buen_gobierno/2014/Segundo-Reporte-y-Balance-Anual-2013.pdf Accessed 15th July 2014
(6): Interview with Erick Iriarte, lawyer specialized in Internet resources 16th July 2014"
"Philippines","ODB.2013.C.INIT",7,"The national government has shown commitment to open data. In fact, it is one of the founding members of the Open Government Partnership (OGP).
To promote and provide open data, it created a Task Force (composed of the Office of the Presidential Spokesperson, the Department of Budget and Management, and the Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office) and came up with an action plan up to the year 2016.
The Open Data Philippines Task Force promises to put online certain data sets for the public to have access to.
Some observers (especially advocates of the FOI Bill), though, are saying that there must be a more permanent structure (than a Task Force) and that data will be made open to the public must be more comprehensive and diverse. The existing setup is designed as such that it is only the government that determines which data or information are to be made open.
(1) www.data.gov.ph, Accessed May 29, 2014
(2) http://www.lguopendata.ph/tag/open-data-philippines/, Open LGU Research Project, Accessed May 29, 2014 -
(3) http://www.rappler.com/nation/48101-open-data-philippines-data-gov-ph, Jan. 16, 2014, Data.gov.ph launches: Open Data for Good Governance, Accessed May 29, 2014 -
(4) http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/344119/scitech/technology/phl-gov-t-bids-for-transparency-with-new-open-data-website, January 16, 2014, PHL gov't bids for transparency with new Open Data website, Accessed May 29, 2014 -
""We in the Aquino administration believe that: By making government data accessible, understandable, and shareable, we set the fundamental conditions to further enable our people to be more effective partners in advancing good governance,"" the Palace official, who is also chair of the Open Data Task Force,...""
(5) http://www.philstar.com/science-and-technology/2014/02/27/1294804/govt-launches-open-data-action-plan, Feb. 27, 2014, Gov’t launches Open Data Action Plan, Accessed May 29, 2014 - ""The action plan was released more than a month after the government launched the ODP website (www.data.gov.ph), which seeks to provide the public with up-to-date government data ranging from enrollment in schools to budget information.
(6) http://www.manilatimes.net/we-need-the-foi-act-not-a-mere-open-data-project/70453/, Jan. 24, 2014, We need the FOI Act not a mere Open Data Project, Accessed May 29, 2014 -"
"Philippines","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",2,"The Department of the Interior and Local Government has mandated the LGU to post financial and procurement-related information on their websites. While the policy does not mandate publication as open data, the information required is ""well suited to being published as datasets"". (1)
Aside from directing the local government units (LGUs) to the FDPP portal, a collaborative research is also being underatken working with LGUs on open government data. For example by logging on to the Full Disclosure Policy Portal (FDPP) ( fdpp.dilg.gov.ph ), the public can view important LGU documents such as annual budget reports, statements of debt service, statements of receipts and expenditures, etc. (3)
It is not clear how many city or regional governments have abided to these rules since they've been implemented or well they respect them.
(1) Open LGU Research Project,http://www.lguopendata.ph/#our-proposal, Accessed June 14, 2014 -
(2) DILG Memorandum Circular No. MC2013-140 - Implementing Guidelines on the Full Disclosure of Local budgets and finances, and bids and public offerings, Dec. 18, 2013, http://www.dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/issuances/memo_circulars/DILG-Memo_Circular-20131218-b779e4e6cd.pdf, Accessed August 4, 2014
(3) DILG News, New website offers full disclosure of Local Government finances, transactions, Nov. 27, 2012, http://www.dilg.gov.ph/news/New-website-offers-full-disclosure-of-Local-Government-finances-transactions/NC-2014-628, Accessed 5 August, 2014 -"
"Philippines","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",5,"The Open Data Philippines Task Force has started training since last year but mostly for government officials. (1)(2) There are also cases of organizations or businesses holding workshops on Open Data (3) As more definitive policies have yet to be crafted, the engagement (i.e. training and education) of private businesses with open data opportunities would take some more time.
(1) Open Data Workshop, June 11 and 13, 2014. http://data.insomnation.com/news/open-data-workshop Accessed 5 August, 2014
(2)Official Gazette, Data Skills Training with Open Knowledge Foundation, May 23, 2014, http://www.gov.ph/2014/05/23/data-skills-training-with-open-knowledge-foundation/, Accessed June 14, 2014 -
(2) Newsbytes Philippines, Open Data PH to stage second hackathon, Apr. 29, 2014, http://newsbytes.ph/2014/04/29/open-data-ph-to-stage-second-hackathon/, Accessed June 14, 2014 -
( 3) Open Data Research Team Conducts Analysis Workshop, 8 Jan 2014 http://www.opendataresearch.org/content/2014/575/open-data-research-team-conducts-analysis-workshop Accessed 5 August 2014"
"Philippines","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",6,"There is a firm commitment from the national government to continue ongoing efforts on open data and government.
There is also strong drive from civil society and business and academic professionals for government to push forward with its open data initiatives. The voluntary involvement of DLSU's Jesse M. Robredo Institute of Governance, Step-up Consulting in Open LGU Research Project, and OGP are clear manifestation of commitment to the ideals of open government and engaging with the government in regards to open data.
(1) Open Government Partnership Philippines, http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/philippines, Accessed May 29, 2014 -
(2) Open Data Research Philippines, http://www.opendataphils.org, Accessed May 29, 2014 -
(3) Jesse M. Robredo Institute of Governance, http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/research/centers/lsig/, Accessed May 29, 2014-
(5) https://www.facebook.com/OpenDataPH, Open Data PH Civil Society Working Group, Accessed July 6, 2014 - ""Encouraging the Philippine government's efforts in Open Data while ensuring engagement by civil society organizations, academe and the ICT community.""
(6)Open LGU Research project: http://www.lguopendata.ph/south-cotabato-stakeholders-discuss-open-lgu-research-results/ Accessed 5 August 2014"
"Philippines","ODB.2013.C.CITY",5,"The Open Data Philippines Task Force has conducted two hackathons aimed at promoting innovations and interest on open data. The first one, named KabantayNgBayan was held during the launch of the Open Data Philippines initiative in November 2013 (1). A total of 21 teams participated at the event, grouping a total of 89 hackers who competed to develop mobile and web applications to support the strengthening budget transparency practices (2).
The second one was organized in spring 2014 and was themed around developing applications to mitigate the effects of climate change in the Philippines. Readysaster drew 113 hackers who formed 24 teams who developed a total of 24 apps at the Google offices where the event was held. A total of 350 people attended the two-day event. (3)(4)
The Department of Transport and Communications, in partnership with the Metro Manila Development Authority and Cebu City Government, also hosted the first national transport application development competition in July 2013, and offered a 3-month development period following the event where participants could work with volunteer mentors to build their entries at the University of Philippines Asia Learning Center Toyota Auditorium. (5)
(1) #KabantayNgBayan Hackathon on open government budget data, Oct. 22, 2013, http://www.lguopendata.ph/kabantayngbayan-hackathon-on-open-government-budget-data/, Accessed June 14, 2014 -
(2) #KABANTAYNGBAYAN: HACKING THE NATIONAL BUDGET. http://data.gov.ph/news/kabantayngbayan-hacking-national-budget Accessed 5 August 2014.
(3) Newsbytes Philippines, Open Data PH to stage second hackathon, April 29, 2014, http://newsbytes.ph/2014/04/29/open-data-ph-to-stage-second-hackathon/, Accessed June 14, 2014 -
(4) Readysaster: Hack for Resilience Post Event Report. May 10-11, 2014. https://docs.google.com/a/thewebindex.org/file/d/0B_7gVrtEHninOXhEdFFGdmQzTDBmNUlpUUZpZXEzcVZHWHZv/edit Accessed 5 August 2014.
(5) Philippine Transit App Challenge. http://philippine-transit.hackathome.com/briefing/ Accessed 8 Aug 2014."
"Philippines","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"The website of the Philippines Task Force on Open Data (data.gov..ph) features 14 categories of data sets, available in no less than 8 different formats. (1) An examination of the data sets posted and how often they are updated shows earnest effort to populate the website of available data from the different government offices part of the Task Force.(2)
However, a check of the various news media in the country does not indicate considerable or substantial use of these open data sets, much more on the impact that these data sets have created so far. This is not surprising considering that the website of the Philippine Task Force on Open Data was launched only last January 16, 2014 while the Action Plan was released on February 2014 (3). Much has yet to be known by the public and other stakeholders on the extent and availability of these data sets.
(1) Philippine Task Force on Open Data, http://data.gov.ph/ -
(2) Data Catalogue, http://data.gov.ph/catalogue/ -
(3) Open Data Philippines Action Plan 2014-2016, http://www.gov.ph/downloads/2014/01jan/Open-Data-Philippines-Action-Plan-2014-2016.pdf"
"Philippines","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"Transparency and accountability in Philippine context, have been equated with how public money is spent and how public officials conduct themselves. This could be the strongest reason why the government chose the Department of Budget and Management (DBM) to spearhead its Open Data initiative. (1)
A visit of the DBM website would allow one to look at the .pdf copy of the country's appropriations and funds that DBM has released so far. The country's spending watchdog, the Commission on Audit, also has in its website .pdf copy of its reports and circulars. These file types are hard to use if one has to make analysis and evaluation of the data provided and by categorization of this survey are not considered open data. Unless more appropriate open data types are provided by these agencies, the public or any third party would have enormous difficulty making use and sense of these data. (2)
The winner of the first Government hackathon (#Kabantayngbayan) was an application which allowed to present and track different national budget projects with open data (3). Open LGU approached the authors of Budget Badger to see if the initiative could be localized in three additional provinces. However, when we last visited the application's website (4) it was out of service.
Sources:
(1) Department of Budget and Management, http://www.dbm.gov.ph/, Accessed June 15, 2014 and July 10, 2014
(2) Commission on Audit, http://www.coa.gov.ph/, Accessed June 15, 2014
(3) Budget BAdger, Hackathon winner, holds promise for budget monitoring, 20 Jan 2014. http://www.lguopendata.ph/budget-badger-hackathon-winner-holds-promise-for-budget-monitoring/ Accessed 6 August 2014
(4) http://www.budgetbadger.ph/ (Accessed 6 August 2014)"
"Philippines","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"The agency data available at the websites of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) are all in .pdf file format (again, technically for this survey, not open data).
It would be a challenge to create impact, much less a noticeable one, on open data that are yet to be made available by these two Departments.
(1) Department of the Environment and Natural Resources, http://www.denr.gov.ph/, Accessed June 14, 2014 - Environment and natural resources compendium of statistics and manuals and handbooks at the websites' e-library are all in .pdf file format
(2) Mines and Geosciences Bureau, http://www.mgb.gov.ph/, Accessed June 14, 2014 - Minerals industry information are in .pdf format, except of the geohazard map, which is available through a map viewer."
"Philippines","ODB.2013.I.INC",1,"There is no direct evidence that open data has increased inclusion of marginalised groups in policy making or accessing government services. However, A recent paper was presented at the DLSU 2014 Research Congress at the De La Salle University in Manilla which examines how open data techniques might improve maternal health practices in Sta Rosa Laguna. (1)
(1) Ching, M. and Ona, S. Maternal Health Practices in Sta Rosa, Laguna: Possible Avenues for Innovation using Open Data Techniques. March 6-8, 2014. http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/conferences/dlsu_research_congress/2014/_pdf/GC-IV-15.pdf"
"Philippines","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"The government agencies that are particularly in charge of managing the economy of the country has available information for the public in .pdf file format (with the exception of the Department of Finance that provided some data in Excel file format).
Again, before open data can make noticeable impact, it has to be available first, in substantial quantity and usable forms. It is not surprising that no evidence could be found, since the Open Data initiative in the Philippines is less than a year old.
(1) Department of Finance, http://www.dof.gov.ph/, Accessed June 13, 2014 - Has provided aggregated data and charts in Excel and .pdf file formats.
(2) Department of Trade and Industry, http://www.dti.gov.ph/splash.php, Accessed June 13, 2014 - Has .pdf files of investment and trade statistics.
(3) Department of Labor and Employment, http://www.dole.gov.ph/, Accessed June 13, 2014 - Posted .pdf files of scanned department orders.
(4) Department of Transportation and Communications, http://www.dotc.gov.ph/, Accessed June 13, 2014 - Has posted on its website .pdf file of scanned circulars, procurement plans, and department orders.
(5) Department of Agriculture, http://www.da.gov.ph/, Accessed June 13, 2014 - Has downloadable .pdf documents pertaining to its programs and specific information on certain crops."
"Philippines","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"No evidence of open data contributing to building new businesses was found. The open data scene remains relatively new in the Philippines."
"Philippines","ODB.2013.C.DPL",7,"The country’s fundamental law mandates the inviolability of the privacy of communication and correspondence. The wording of the Constitution emphasizes that any evidence obtained in violation of this privacy right renders the evidence inadmissible for ANY purpose in ANY proceeding.
Aside from the guaranty of the Constitution, a law (R.A. No. 10173) was recently passed specifically to address data privacy issues.
However, more than a year since the passage of Data Privacy Act, the President has yet to constitute the National Privacy Commission and appoint officals to run it, as mandated by the law.
(1) 1987 Philippine Constitution, http://www.lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html, Accessed June 12, 2014, Art. III (Bill of Rights), Sec. 3 –
1. - The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law.
2. - Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding.
(2) R.A. No. 10173, Data Privacy Act of 2012, Aug. 15, 2012, Sec. 2, http://www.gov.ph/2012/08/15/republic-act-no-10173/, Accessed June 12, 2014 - Declaration of Policy. – It is the policy of the State to protect the fundamental human right of privacy, of communication while ensuring free flow of information to promote innovation and growth. The State recognizes the vital role of information and communications technology in nation-building and its inherent obligation to ensure that personal information in information and communications systems in the government and in the private sector are secured and protected.
(3) Luces, K., GMA Network, Oct. 11, 2013, How the Data Privacy Act Impacts PHL Businesses, http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/330365/scitech/technology/how-the-data-privacy-act-impacts-phl-businesses, Accessed June 12, 2014 - “A year after the Data Privacy Act of 2012 was enacted into law, President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III has yet to make a National Privacy Commission that would regulate the data privacy policies under the law…The Data Privacy Law was adopted after the EU Data Privacy Directive that is right-based approach.”"
"Philippines","ODB.2013.C.RTI",3,"Although the Senate has approved its version of the FoI bill, Congress has yet to pass a law on the Freedom of Information. Despite calls from civil society organizations, the President has done little to push the bill forward (1) (2) (3).
Section 4e of R.A. 6713 currently provides some form of mechanism with which the public can still obtain some information through letters and requests (4). Although, the law addresses the time frame which the requested public official must observe to avoid sanction (Section 5a of R.A 6713) and underlines that all public documents must be made accessible to the public (5e of R.A 6713), there is a strong push for a formal FoI law by civil society (5) .
The Government has attempted to diminish the need of an FoI law by mixing provisions with its Open Data initiative, which critics were quick to discredit (6).
Sources:
(1) Doronilla, A., Philippine Daily Inquirer, Aquino sends FOI bill to death row, Mar. 14, 2014, http://opinion.inquirer.net/72559/aquino-sends-foi-bill-to-death-row, Accessed June 12, 2014 -
(2) Esguerra, C.V., Philippine Daily Inquirer, Aquino won’t certify FOI bill, Mar. 12, 2014, http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/584588/aquino-wont-certify-foi-bill, Accessed June 12, 2014 -
(3) Sy, M., Philippine Star, Senate approves FOI bill on final reading, Mar. 11, 2014, http://www.philstar.com/congress/articles/2014/03/11/1299500/senate-approves-foi-bill-final-reading, Accessed June 12, 2014 -
(4) R.A. 6713, Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, Sec 4.e, Sec 5.- Feb. 20, 1989, http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1989/ra_6713_1989.html, Accessed June 12, 2014,
(5) Philippines FOI Supporters Start Petition Campagin. Published 16 May 2014. http://www.freedominfo.org/2014/05/philippines-foi-supporters-start-petition-campaign/ , https://www.change.org/ph/mga-petisyon/pres-benigno-s-aquino-iii-speaker-feliciano-belmonte-jr-isabatas-na-ang-people-s-foi-peoplesfoinow Accessed 4 August 2014.
(6) http://www.freedominfo.org/2014/04/aquino-official-discloses-goal-marrying-foi-open-data/ Accessed 5 August 2014"
"Poland","ODB.2013.C.INIT",1,"The Law on Access to Public Information Act of 6 September 2001 access to public information.
http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20011121198
The issue of access to public information is addressed in the constitution adopted in 1997. Chapter II, ""FREEDOM, HUMAN RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF AN INDIVIDUAL AND CITIZEN"" states that ""a citizen has the right to obtain information about the activities of public authorities and persons performing public functions. (...) The right to obtain information shall ensure access to documents
2. Strona Główna Biuletynu Informacji Publicznej
http://www.bip.gov.pl/articles/view/51
The Public Information Bulletin is a webpages system used to provide universal and free access to public information.
3. Centralne Repozytorium Informacji Publicznej
https://danepubliczne.gov.pl/
https://danepubliczne.gov.pl/informationresources
The Central Repository is an IT tool facilitating access and reuse of so-called ""information resources"", i.e. public information of particular importance for the development of innovation and information society, as well as public information units that information resources consist of (i.e. texts, reports, tables, accounts, presentations, invoices, acts, notes, ordinances, letters).
Information resources can serve as a basis for innovative products and services, like mobile applications or internet portals.
4. Małgorzata Brennek - Ranking przejrzystości – wyniki badań w zakresie dostępu do informacji publicznej
http://www.prawodoinformacji.pl/index.php/wyniki-badan
www.prawodoinformacji.pl/index.php/component/phocadownload/category/1-pliki?download=17:dostep
5. Polska na drodze do otwartego rządu: Minister of Digitization - Michał Boni at the Open Government Partnership Summit in London
https://mac.gov.pl/aktualnosci/polska-na-drodze-do-otwartego-rzadu-michal-boni-na-open-%20government-partnership-summit-w
6. towards implementing the Directive on re-use of information /data originating from public sources - Doświadczenia mac - Autor: Maciej Groń, Dyrektor Departamentu Społeczeństwa Informacyjnego MAC
Poland as a member of the UE is carrying out its obligation towards implementing the Directive on re-use of information /data originating from public sources.
www.prawodoinformacji.pl/index.php/component/phocadownload/category/1-pliki?download=19:mac-ponowne-wykorzystywanie"
"Poland","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",3,"C4) To what extent are civil society and information technology professionals
engaging with the government regarding open data?
W jakim zakresie społeczeństwo obywatelskie i specjaliści IT są zaangażowani wraz z rządem w projekt otwartych danych?
There is a host of CSO and institutions involved along with the Government in the use and dissemination of information on the basis of available Open Data.
The Centre for the Study of the Digital State is a non-governmental non-profit organization acting as a foundation, established under the Act of 6 April 1984 on Foundations. The main objectives of the Centre adopted, inter alia: • Initiate and participate in activities concerning the construction of a digital state - including in particular the support of public organizations in carrying out digital transformation • taking action on economic development (in particular, reducing the administrative burden of citizens and businesses through the use of modern ICT solutions and re-use of public information projects of the Centre: ""The construction of a platform for monitoring the implementation of the digital transformation of Polish public sector entities"" and ""Development of methods and tools to increase the effectiveness of IT departments in public sector entities""
http://www.cyfrowepanstwo.pl/
http://www.cyfrowepanstwo.pl/nasze-dzialania/realizowane-projekty/
The Website OpenGovernment.pl was created as part of the project ""Practical aspects of implementation of the concept of Open Government and the re-use of public information as a catalyst for the development of advanced digital literacy"", the contractor of the project was the Centre for the Study of the Digital State
http://www.opengovernment.pl/
The Digital Center’s Project: Poland ""Open Government""
http://centrumcyfrowe.pl/projekty/#opengov
This is a non-governmental organization dealing with issues of wider openness in social life and carrying out projects in three main areas: Open Government, Open NGOs and Open Culture.
The Non-Governmental Centre on Access to Public Information is one of the principal programs of the Civic Association Network - Watchdog Poland (formerly SLLGO - Association of Leaders of Local Civic Groups).
http://siecobywatelska.pl/
http://informacjapubliczna.org.pl/36,kim_jestesmy.html
The CSO Miasta w Internecie (think tank). – Project: Citizen monitoring of the implementation of the right to public information
The main objective of the project is to contribute to a more effective implementation of the constitutional right of access to public information, including to its re-use by providing citizens and non-governmental organizations knowledge of evidence-based analytical social control needed to implement this law and its effective enforcement.
http://www.mwi.pl/badania-i-innowacje/projekty/obywatelski-monitoring.html"
"Poland","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",1,"In keeping with the legal state of affairs the Main Index of Public Information Bulletin contains a list of all public entities required to maintain their BIP-s. They include both offices municipal, local, county etc..
http://www.bip.gov.pl/subjects [accessed 11/07/14]
Examples follow:
• Public Information Bulletin Municipal Office Debica. http://www.bip.ugdebica.pl/23413/23413/strona4.html [accessed 11/07/14]
• Eletronic Official Journal of the Mazowieckie voivodship. List of documents (orders, resolutions, information, reports, etc..) http://edziennik.mazowieckie.pl/ActByMonthYear.aspx?year=2014&month=4 [accessed 11/07/14]
• Update Information Public Information Bulletin of the Tax Office in Debica province. Subcarpathian.
Interlocutors: Joanna Paździor Wegrzyn, Senior specialist; Marek Zagajewski, computer specialist; Tax Office Debica.
• BIP District Office in Łódź, (within 10 days from 5-15 May 2014 made 55 updates) http://lodzkiwschodni.samorzady.pl/?k=991 [accessed 07/11/14]"
"Poland","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",5,"There are a scattering of uncoordinated efforts to encourage the civil society in the creation and use of applications based on the availability if open data.
Central Open Data Hackathon (15-16 March 2014), an event during which developers, social activists and designers from all over the region of Central and Eastern Europe working in teams in a short time create citizen applications.
Their creed: ""We want to encourage citizens and non-governmental organizations to participate in public life as well as the use of open data. Therefore, the aim is to engage young Hackhatonu developers, graphic artists, social activists to create applications for modern public services and to engage in civil matters.""
http://ceehack.org/about/ [accessed 07/11/14]
Workshops for Public Administration workers on open public data organized by the Ministry of Administration and Digitization (MAC) on 12.06.2014, which was attended by representatives of government. This was funded under the project Open Data Support. set up by the European Commission (DG CONNECT) for a period of 36 months. Its aim is to facilitate access to data sets available at national and regional open data portals (such as DanePubliczne.gov.pl) to increase the possibility of cross-border re-use of the data. (http://m.mac.gov.pl/aktualnosci/warsztaty-dla-administracji-na-temat-otwartych-danych-publicznych access [11.07.14]
Open Data Day 2013 in Katowice, 02.23.2014
Organized in Poland by Medialab Open Data Day is a worldwide celebration of people for whom open access to information is one of the basic civic values. During the festival there are meetings, workshops, presentations and other activities designed to familiarize participants with the concept of open data, and to encourage the use of them for social betterment of quality of life and create a more coherent and effective civil society.
http://www.mmsilesia.pl/440542/2013/2/20/open-data-day--w-katowicach-porozmawiajmy-o-psich-kupach?category=news
4 Open public data - conference ePSIplatform and Digital Centre 22.02.2013 - A European conference on open data and re-use of public data: Conference ePSIplatform ""Gotcha! - Getting everyone on board""
http://centrumcyfrowe.pl/epsi_zaproszenie/ [accessed 07/11/14]
""Open Warsaw"" Debate - Open public data and their impact on the city, 9 April 2014. Debate on access to public information. Participants took part in discussions about the openness of the data in the context of the idea to create a platform that provides urban data, which is currently being implemented by TechSoup Foundation, Laboratory of Social Innovation and Research Shipyard, Digital Centre, University of Warsaw and Orange Poland SA in cooperation with the City of Warsaw.
http://www.web.gov.pl/aktualnosci/wydarzenia/17_1657_debata-otwieramy-warszawe-otwarte-dane-publiczne-i-ich-wplyw-na-miasto.html [accessed 07/11/14]"
"Poland","ODB.2013.C.CITY",1,"The Ministry of Administration and Digitalization supports the implementation of the project ""Practical aspects of implementation of the concept of Open Government and the re-use of public information as a catalyst for the development of advanced digital literacy"" which was carried out by the Centre for the Study of Digital under the Public task ""Promoting the use of the Internet and the development of digital literacy""
Work is being carried out by the government towards implementing a large scale plan called ""Digital Poland"" wherein there will be finance/grants for the support and development of PROCESSING of DATA AND PUBLIC INFORMATION which envisions freer access to public sector information - CRIP (Central Repository Public Information)and The creation of the Open Data Center(based on interdisciplinary Institute of Mathematical and Computational Modelling at the University of Warsaw)- http://www.mir.gov.pl/aktualnosci/Fundusze_Europejskie_2014_2020/Documents/POPC_min_M_Boni_24072013.pdf
This will all be funded centrally along with support of EU funds.- https://mac.gov.pl/polska-cyfrowa-po-pc"
"Poland","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"In the government's strategy for Better Government by 2020 the section on anti-corruption policies and the prevention of corruption outlines two main purposes: (2) increasing institutional efficiency of the state and (7) provide a high level of security and public order.
http://otwartyrzad.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/FB_Raport2013_naw_pdf.pdf [accessed: 11/07/14]
""Applications that use open data allow for a better insight (transparency) in the activities of public authorities."" http://blog.epf.org.pl/2014/03/central-open-data-hackathon-dobiegl-konca/ March 19, 2014
Mission: Openness - Access to information and transparency of activities of the Parliament on the background assumptions of the international Declaration on the openness of parliament http://resources.sejmometr.pl/analizy/Misja_Otwartosc.pdf, Warsaw 2013"
"Poland","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Goal #7 - Ensuring energy security and the protection and improvement of the environment [in] ""Poland 2030. Third Wave of Modernity. Long-term National Development Strategy."" https://mac.gov.pl/files/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Strategia-DSRK-PL2030-RM.pdf, Warsaw 2013
The Bialystok's Open Environment Data portal states that it is a place that collects and ordered resources that can be useful for other applications than those for which they were created for in the Department."
"Poland","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"The government has implemented a key prject i.e. The Central Repository of Public Information, which is an Web based tool facilitating access and reuse of so-called ""information resources"", i.e. public information of particular importance for the development of innovation and information society...
One of the official purposes for its implementation and development is outlined in the following justification: ""Information resources can serve as a basis for innovative products and services, like mobile applications or internet portals."" - https://danepubliczne.gov.pl/"
"Poland","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Poland, unfortunately, is not a country that is rich in collections of open data - although there are rules and laws that are in some way regulate, they are written so ambiguously that the organ, which should be their main supplier, approach the topic reluctantly and languidly. There is, however, hardly surprising, since the construction of open sets of data associated with often not inconsiderable expenditure. - About trading in open data, http://interaktywnie.com/okiem-eksperta/o-obrocie-otwartymi- 10/07/2013"
"Poland","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"Excerpts: - ""The use of big data and open data brings the countries economic growth, new jobs and new opportunities, by reducing costs, creating economies of scale and facilitate access to technological innovation - says Piotr Marchuk, director of corporate policy in the Polish branch of Microsoft. He continues: This is not only beneficial to the citizens, but also the impetus for the development of new companies creating solutions based on the use of open databases, as well as entirely new business models. ""Open Government Data appears at the junction of these two concepts - the idea of sharing non-confidential data collected by the state administration for further processing by both citizens and businesses and NGOs."""
"Poland","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",1,"Jakdojade.pl, this is how you create a site with 3 million users
We found investors even before starting the project. Money raised was then used to develop services until we generated adequate revenues. Additionally, the company acquired EU funds, which significantly helped develop the product in the initial phase. As of2011, the company survives on generated profits."
"Poland","ODB.2013.C.DPL",6,"Poland's regulations are derived from and are in keeping with the EU guidelines. At the European level, the issue of protection of personal data is regulated in Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data.
Since the Lisbon Treaty came into effect, the principle of protection of personal data of every physical person is also contained in the regulation of fundamental importance for the Union which is the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union - art. 16 provides that ""Every person has the right to protection personal data concerning him or her.""
Issues concerning the protection of personal data were implemented in the Polish law for the first time in 1997 - in art. 51 of the Polish Constitution of 2 April 1997 and - in a comprehensive manner - in the Act of 29 August 1997 on the protection of personal data. In addition to the basic law on the protection of personal data, other Regulations are in effect, of which the most important from the perspective of businesses processing personal data is the Regulation of the Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration of 29 April 2004 on personal data processing documentation and technical and organizational conditions which should be fulfilled by devices and systems used for the processing of personal data and the Ordinance of the Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration of 11 December 2008 on the design of a data set to the Inspector General for Personal Data Protection.
Poland also has a special institution overseeing the proper collection, protection and use or personal data - Inspector General for Personal Data Protection, http://www.giodo.gov.pl/"
"Poland","ODB.2013.C.RTI",7,"In accordance with Art. 8 paragraph. 2 of the Constitution, its provisions shall apply directly, as such the right of access to public information referred to in Art. 61 became the basis for the request for requesting information by citizens. The Law on Access to Public Information dated 6 September 2001 which came into force on January 1, 2002 Journal of Laws No. 112, item. 1198), repeated the guiding principle of the right to public information which was set out in Art. 61 of the Constitution, stating that the only in certain specific cases, this right of access to public information may be restricted. http://siecobywatelska.pl/files/szymon_osowski___czynny_i_bierny_obowiazek_dip_czynny_i_bierny_obowiazek_i1e6.pdf)
However there is some resistance at hgh levels of the public administration into fully adhereing to the regulations set down by the aforementioned laws.
Press interview with Maciej Berek - Director - Government Legislative Center: ""Access to public information also acts against the state"" - access to public information also acts against the state"
"Portugal","ODB.2013.C.INIT",6,"Dados.gov is an online portal aimed at publishing and aggregating infomation produced by the Public Administration in open formats (CSV, XLS, XML) that can be read and re-utilized by any citizen. Data is voluntarily provided by different public administration offices, hence without significant resources behind it, Since this is an ongoing project, it is expected that more resources and more public institutes will get involved in the future. There is a designated team from the Agency for Administrative Modernization working on the portal. (1) (2)
Base.gov is the online portal for public procurement where information on all public contracts is published in pdf format. The databases connected to the portal are permanently fed by information extracted from the official gazette (Diário da República), electronic platforms for public procurement and procurement entities. (3)
Portugal is not part of the Open Government Partnership but is eligible to join. There is evidence of recent legislation for the disclosure and general use of open data in Portugal, in the framework of the Digital Agenda 2015 which aims to enable civil society access to a wide range of information, and government support of ""open government"" as one of the main pillars of administrative modernization. (4) (5) (6) (7)
Another source of good practice regarding open data is the Geographic Information portal from the Ministry of Environment. It has an area dedicated to open data and open coding for apps regarding geographical and urban info throughout the country. (8)
##Sources
(1): Open Government Initiative, http://www.dados.gov.pt/
Accessed 5th June 2014
(2): Law 36/2011, Establishes the adoption of open regulations in the informatic systems of the State, 2011. http://www.dre.pt/pdf1s/2011/06/11800/0359903600.pdf
Accessed 5th June 2014
(3): Online Public Procurement http://www.base.gov.pt/
Accessed 5th June 2014
(4): Open Government Partnership - Countries http://www.opengovpartnership.org/countries
Accessed 5th June 2014
(5): Open Government Partnership - Elegibility http://www.opengovpartnership.org/node/1338
Accessed 5th June 2014
(6): Digital Portugal Agenda http://www.ei.gov.pt/iniciativas/detalhes.php?id=29
Accessed 5th July 2014
(7): Digital Agenda 2015 http://www.umic.pt/images/stories/noticias/PWP_AgendaDigital2015.pdf
Accessed 5th July 2014
(8): Geographic Information portal http://www.igeo.pt/
Accessed 5th July 2014"
"Portugal","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",6,"There is evidence of increasing demand by citizens regarding access to government data and some coordination with the government or with open data published by the government but the government does not engage with the community regularly.
Softwarelivre.citiap.gov.pt is an online area aimed at promoting good practices and open source softwares implemented at the public administration level and enabling the exchange of experiences between different actors (civil society, IT professionals) and knowledge dissemination. (1)
Transparencia Hackday (2) is a workgroup that was created with the goal to foster access to public information (through open data) and the interaction between technology and citizenship. Based on this principle, the workgroup has already created new tools such as Demo.Cratica (3), Geo Devolutas (4) and Mila (5). The group also tries to strengthen the ties between the Open Data community in Portugal (6).
DRE Tretas is a plataform created by IT professionals and members of the civil society to overcome the deficiencies in the use of the Official Gazette online.(7)
Incendios.pt is also another platform created by IT professionals which makes use of data published by the Institute for the Conservation of Nature and Forests (8).
##Sources
(1): Open Software http://softwarelivre.citiap.gov.pt/boas_praticas/
(2): Transparencia Hackday http://www.transparenciahackday.org/
(3): Demo.Cratica http://demo.cratica.org/
(4): Abandoned Houses in Portugal (Geo-Devolutas) http://geodevolutas.org/
(5): Map of obstacles for citizens with motor disabilities https://mila.crowdmap.com/
(6): Example of an event promoted by Transparency Hackday, posted on 4th March 2014 http://www.transparenciahackday.org/2014/03/opendataday-odd14/
(7): DRE Tretas http://dre.tretas.org/
(8): Incendios (Map of Fires in Portugal) http://incendios.pt/pt
All websites were accessed 5th June 2014"
"Portugal","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",2,"The only visible example is the Open Data LX, which is a project about data collection access on Lisbon, in several different fields, for citizen use and reutilization (development of new products and services such as mobile apps). Many of the apps are in CSV or XML format (open data format) although there are some in XLS format. (1) These initiatives are still very rare outside the national capital. According to Transparencia Hackaday, the cities of Oporto and Coimbra have many data sources online but most of them do not fulfill the open data criteria (2).
##Sources
(1): Open Data LX: http://www.lisboaparticipa.pt/pages/newApps.php
(2): Transparencia Hackday, ""Dados locais em Portugal"" (Local Data in Portugal), 8th April 2014
http://www.transparenciahackday.org/2014/04/dados-locais-em-portugal/
All websites were accessed 5th June 2014"
"Portugal","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",6,"Web searches for training providers on skills such as Web technologies, Data science, Data visualisation, open data or open source, can be found in Portugal and are delivered through formal training (in-class or online) or business mentoring and incubation programmes with world class quality. The duration of these trainings depends on the modality (full-time or part-time). They are available in a range of cities and locations across the country but mostly (not exclusively) in the largest cities.
##Sources
(1): Rumos http://formacao.rumos.pt/seccao1.rumos?id=7
(2): Flag http://www.flag.pt/pages/area.asp?id=3
(3): Formabase http://www.formabase.com/cursos_informatica.php?curso=28
(4): Altalogica http://www.altalogica.net/register/?cid=24&origem=
(5): Galileu http://www.galileu.pt/curso/especializado-web-design/
(6): ISEC http://www.isec.pt/cursos/cets/Tecnologia-e-Programacao-de-Sistemas-de-Informacao/?view=4
(7): CESAE (Center of Services and Support to Companies) http://www.cesae.pt/
(8): Universidade Nova de Lisboa - Course on Multimedia Infographics http://www.fcsh.unl.pt/formacao-ao-longo-da-vida/cursos-livres/oferta-de-cursos-livres/2013-2014/cursos-no-1.o-semestre/infografia-multimedia
Websites from sources (1) to (7) were accessed 5th June 2014
Website from source (8) was accessed 5th July 2014"
"Portugal","ODB.2013.C.CITY",2,"There is very little government support for innovation using specifically open data. Open Data LX is a project launched by the City Hall of Lisbon and fosters data collection access on Lisbon, in several different fields, for citizen use and reutilization (development of new products and services such as mobile apps). There have been competitions in the past but not in the last 12 months. (1)
The Government uses the Public Software Portal to share software that has been developed or acquired and to promote the use of reusable applications by public institutions in order to rationalize costs and resources. Even though it does not provide financial incentives (competitions or grants), it does share good practices, events and useful documentation which could be viewed as an indirect way to support a culture of innovation with open data (2).
Transparencia Hackday organizes hackathon events but the government in not involved in these schemes. (3)
##Sources
(1): Open Data LX http://www.lisboaparticipa.pt
(2): Public Software Portal http://www.softwarepublico.gov.pt/inicio
(3): Transparencia Hackday http://www.transparenciahackday.org/"
"Portugal","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",1,"A news article cites a recent report which concludes that the use of open data will create a GDP growth potential in the southern European Union region (Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal) of 1,6% (1) but among the 4 countries the impact will be more significant in Portugal (2). Even though the study focus on expectations, it builds on the current situation in the EU member states and, with regards to Portugal, to the already existing small scale examples of phone apps such as Lisboa NAV (3) or Lisboa 360 (4). As more data becomes available on open format, more entrepreneurs will begin building new businesses, mostly in the ICT sector (5).
##Sources
(1): Microsoft News Center, ""Big e Open Data com potencial de crescimento de 206 mil milhões de euros na UE até 2020"" (Big and Open Data with growth potential of 206 thousand million euros in the EU until 2020), 29/01/2014, http://www.microsoft.com/pt-pt/news/Press/2014/Jan14/01-29BigeOpenDataPR.aspx
(2): Sonia Buchholtz, Maciej Bukowski, Aleksander Śniegocki, Warsaw Institute for Economic Studies, ""Big and open data in Europe - A growth engine or a missed opportunity?"", 2014
http://www.demosservices.home.pl/www/files/Big%20and%20Open%20Data%20Report%20-%20Final%20Report.pdf
(3): Lisboa NAV: (http://www.lisboaparticipa.pt//pages/detalhesApps.php/A=4___collection=cml_app)
(4): Lisboa 360: http://www.lisboaparticipa.pt/pages/detalhesApps.php/A=2___collection=cml_app
(5): Interview with Anonymous, ICT expert, Lisbon"
"Portugal","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"No media reports, blog posts and forum discussions were found that mentioned an actual impact of open data on the portuguese economy. Based on the research of open datasets and the open data context, it is fair to say that this phenomenon is still very timid in Portugal and, even though a few apps and websites have been developed using open data, it is very unlikely that they have already produced a positive impact on the economy.
This is also the opinion of an ICT expert who was asked to comment on this subject but wished to remain anonymous."
"Portugal","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No cases in the media or other online sources were found citing the impact of open data in increasing the participation of marginalised groups in either policy making or accessing government services. There were also no reports and case studies from government departments on that topic in the past year. Applications and websites being developed with the help of open data (e.g. DRE Tretas) do not consider some marginalised groups as the disabled people and do not promote such kind of accessibility in their services."
"Portugal","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"No cases in the media or other online sources were found citing the impact of open data on environmental sustainability. There were also no reports and case studies from government departments on that topic in the past year. Actually, open data on environmental themes is still very limited and not regularly updated."
"Portugal","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",3,"Even though no studies were found on the impact of open data on increasing transparency and accountability in Portugal, a few examples of cases found in the media show that the BASE Portal (a government platform for public contracts) has allowed the disclosure of important stories to the public (through investigative journalism) which otherwise would have not been possible (with these media articles actually citing the BASE Portal as the official source) In that sense, it is fair to say that open data has had a noticeable impact on increasing transparency and accountability, although there is room for improvement.
##Sources
(1): Jornal de Negocios, ""Câmara do Porto vai gastar mais de 3,5 milhões de euros em serviços de vigilância"" (Porto's City Hall is going to spend over 3.5 million euros in surveillance services), 28/04/2014,
http://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/empresas/detalhe/camara_do_porto_vai_gastar_mais_de_35_milhoes_de_euros_em_servicos_de_vigilancia.html
(2): Jornal de Negocios, ""Estaleiros Navais de Viana do Castelo já gastaram 300,9 mil euros em assessoria jurídica e financeira"" (Viana do Castelo's shipyards have spent 300,9 thousand euros in legal and financial consultations), 16/12/2013
http://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/empresas/detalhe/estaleiros_navais_de_viana_do_castelo_ja_gastaram_3009_mil_euros_em_assessoria_juridica_e_financeira.html
(3): Diario de Noticias, ""Passos contrata empresa por 25 mil euros para atender telefones em São Bento"" (Prime Minister Passos hires company for 25 thousand euros to pick up phone calls in São Bento), 10/02/2014 http://www.dn.pt/especiais/interior.aspx?content_id=3677940&especial=Revistas%20de%20Imprensa&seccao=TV%20e%20MEDIA"
"Portugal","ODB.2013.I.GOV",1,"Even though no studies were found on the impact of open data on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness, there is evidence that Esri Portugal (1), a technology supply company in the field of Geographic Information Systems, joined the open data initiative of the Portuguese Government by creating maps and apps at arcgis.com, which allow the visualization of a series of information in the national territory map. The data used is available in the portal of the Agency of Administrative Modernization and the information is being made available by ESRI Portugal, via web, to citizens and government agencies at www.dados.gov.pt. (2)
In fact, the creation of dados.gov, under the framework of the Digital Agenda 2015, is aimed at improving government efficiency and effectiveness, but also increased transparency and accountability.
In conclusion, even though there is no solid evidence that can measure the impact of open data in government efficiency/effectiveness nor online sources that cited open data's role, it is likely that the open data initiative must have produced some sort of positive impact.
##Sources
(1): ESRI Portugal http://www.esriportugal.pt/esri-portugal/
(2): Open data initiative of the Portuguese Government www.dados.gov.pt."
"Portugal","ODB.2013.C.DPL",8,"The CNPD is an independent body, with the power to supervise and monitor compliance with the laws and regulations in the area of personal data protection, with respect for human rights and the fundamental freedoms and guarantees established in the Constitution. (1)
The Law on Protection of Personal Data (Law No. 67/98) was approved in the Portuguese legal system following the Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and Council on the protection of individuals with regards to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. Its general principle is that the processing of personal data shall be carried out transparently and in strict respect for privacy and for other fundamental rights, freedoms and guarantees. It addresses the right of choice/consent to individuals, the right to access and correct one's personal data, the responsibilities on information holders and the sanctions applied on private and public bodies that violate data privacy. (2)
Law 41/2004 transposed to the Portuguese judicial system EU Directive 2002/58/CE on protection of electronic communications (exempting national security purposes). (3)
Law No. 32/2008 transposed to the Portuguese legal system a European Parliament directive on the preservation of generated or processed data in connection with the supply of publicly available electronic communications services or public communications networks. (4) Law No. 46/2012 and No. 67/98 provide conditions governing the collection and processing of personal data, and the requirement to acquire a permit. There are, however, several exemptions which allow the collection and processing of personal data without the data subject's consent. For that reason, a new package of rules to protect personal data in EU member states has been approved in the European Parliament and will have an impact on companies providing online services such as Google and Facebook (5).
##Sources:
(1): Comissão Nacional de Protecção de Dados, http://www.cnpd.pt
(2): Government Gazette, Law on Protection of Personal Data, Law No. 67/98, 1998. http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1998/10/247A00/55365546.pdf
(3): Official Gazette, Law 41/2004, 2004.
http://www.dre.pt/pdf1s/2004/08/194A00/52415245.pdf
(4): Official Gazette, Law No. 32/2008, 2008.
http://www.dre.pt/pdfgratis/2008/07/13700.pdf
(5): Joao Pedro Pereira, Público, 21-10-2013, “New rules on data protection approved by European Parliament” http://www.publico.pt/tecnologia/noticia/novas-regras-de-proteccao-de-dados-aprovadas-por-deputados-europeus-1609892
All websites were accessed on 4th June 2014"
"Portugal","ODB.2013.C.RTI",6,"According to the RTI Rating, in Portugal the legal framework (including jurisprudence) recognizes a fundamental right of access to information but in practice the quality of access to information is overall medium-low. (1)
Law 46/2007 is the national law for access to governmental administrative documents and their reuse (2).
The Portuguese Constitution, Article 37: Freedom of Expression and Information specifically says that every citizen has the right to inform, to get informed and to be informed, without any impediments nor discrimination. (3)
However, some gaps remain. For example, the electronic version of the official gazette charges very high fees for advance search options (such as search in natural language) and only allows PDF versions of the official gazette's pages. (4)
Several agencies provide government information. The ""Loja do Cidadão"" is one important vehicle between citizens and the government. (5)
No statistics on data/requests handling: frequency of replies, time length etc. were found.
##Sources:
(1): Right-to-Information Rating http://www.rti-rating.org/view_country.php?country_name=Portugal#scope
Accessed 4th June 2014
(2) Official Gazette, Law 46/2007, 2007: https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/2007/08/16300/0568005687.pdf
Accessed 8th July 2014
(3): The Portuguese Constitution, Article 37: Freedom of Expression and Information http://www.parlamento.pt/Legislacao/Paginas/ConstituicaoRepublicaPortuguesa.aspx
Accessed 4th June 2014
(4): Official gazette - Paid Subscription for Advanced Search (https://dre.pt/sa/1s/index.asp)
Accessed 8th July 2014
(5): Loja do Cidadão (Citizen Store)
http://www.portaldocidadao.pt/PORTAL/pt/LojaCidadao/
Accessed 8th July 2014
(6): Institute of Records and Notary - Ministry of Justice: Statistics
a) General Webpage
http://www.irn.mj.pt/IRN/sections/irn/a_registral/estatisticas/estatisticas/
b) Average Waiting Time
http://www.irn.mj.pt/IRN/sections/irn/a_registral/estatisticas/tme/downloadFile/file/02-TME_-_Semana_08.pdf?nocache=1330620555.35
Accessed 8th July 2014"
"Qatar","ODB.2013.C.INIT",4,"A national portal exists but it does not seem to comprehend what open format and licensing mean as data is solely provided as PDFs and Excel sheets, and is the property of the Government. (The portal basically redirects the user to the country’s national statistics website.) Information requests can be made through the portal.(1)
Thus, Qatar does not have a structured and well-resourced open government data initiative. It has however launched a public consultation on 9 March 2014 asking for input regarding its draft Open Data Policy (2). A more detailed assessment and discussion of the Policy draft can be accessed on OpenMENA.(3)
I could not obtain an answer from the Ministry of ICT in Qatar regarding the amount of input and what the next steps are especially given that the initial deadline for responses to the consultation seems removed. Yet, the public consultation on Open Data policy suggests an implicit understanding of the advantages and uses of open data, hence the score of 3 rather than 1.
1- Qatar Open Data portal http://portal.www.gov.qa/wps/portal/opendata
2- ictQatar, Draft Open Data Policy public consultation http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/documents/document/public-consultation-draft-open-data-policy
3- OpenMENA, ""Draft Open Data Policy for Qatar"" April 17, 2014, http://mena.okfn.org/?p=181
All links accessed 30 May 2014."
"Qatar","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",0,"There does not seem to be publicly accessible evidence that neither the civil society nor IT professionals engage with the government regarding open data. A phone discussion with Damian Radcliff from ictQatar (March 2014) revealed that there have been very low response rate to the public consultation on the Open Data Policy draft from Qatari professionals. This low responsiveness may very well be the reason behind a seemingly open-end consultation.
The News&Events portal of the ictQatar may help keeping up-to-date.(1)
A recent report by Tahseen Consulting also highlighted the lack of inclusion: ""Relative to OECD countries, most GCC governments focus on national data portals rather than regional and city initiatives, have not enacted right to information laws, fail to engage civil society and academia in efforts, and lack education and training courses for developing more effective open data programs, the report says."" (2)
1- News&Events portal of the ictQatar: http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/news-events/news?keys=&bundle=news&page=1
2- Tahseen Consulting, ""Tahseen Consulting Report Offers Solutions for GCC Governments to Use Open Data More Effectively"", April 26, 2014 http://tahseen.ae/blog/?p=944
All links accessed 30 May 2014."
"Qatar","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"The country does not seem to showcase a clearly defined governmental support to open-data-driven innovation. The ictQatar has identified four different digital strategy axes but these seem to bolster services and infrastracture predominantly. See the e-business program on ictQatar The e-government program is also on ictQatar website(1,2). A recently held workshop on e-gov strategy makes no mention whatsoever of open data.(3)
1- ictQatar e-business program http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/department/national-programs/e-business
2- ictQatar e-government program http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/department/national-programs/e-government
3- ictQatar, ""First Workshop on Qatar’s e-Government Strategy 2020 Held Today"", 5 May 2014 http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/news-events/news/first-workshop-qatar%E2%80%99s-e-government-strategy-2020-held-today
All links accessed 30 May 2014."
"Qatar","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",2,"Though some general data science courses exist, there does not seem to be publicly accessible evidence that training on open data is available. This is one of the most serious shortcomings of the Open Data Policy draft (see discussion on OpenMENA). (1)
A recent report by Tahseen Consulting also highlighted the lack of training: ""Relative to OECD countries, most GCC governments focus on national data portals rather than regional and city initiatives, have not enacted right to information laws, fail to engage civil society and academia in efforts, and lack education and training courses for developing more effective open data programs, the report says."" (2)
Lastly, an Open Data Institute node was inaugurated in November 2013 in Dubai. From informal discussions with its founder Ibrahim Elbadawi (December 2013), the node will help run training sessions on Open Data for government officials. Elbadawi also highlighted the lack of readiness of government officials in the field of Open Data which is a concern with respect to the proposed draft Policy.(3)
A possibly relevant training program was organized a few years ago by Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI) in partnership with the University of Chicago as part of the Eric & Wendy Schmidt Data Science for Social Good summer fellowship programme (DSSG). A total of 36 aspiring data scientists will work closely with experts in data mining, machine learning and data science projects as part of the DSSG programme.
http://www.gulf-times.com/qatar/178/details/357898/qcri-scientists-to-train-in-data-mining.
Also, some universities, government agencies and training centers provide some relevant progrms. For example, ictQatar is conducting a series of training around digital cutlure that mostly covers cyber security awareness and ehealth awareness programs. Also, private universities such as CMU offer some related courses:http://www.qatar.cmu.edu/ba-course-descriptions
1- OpenMENA, ""Draft Open Data Policy for Qatar"" April 17, 2014, http://mena.okfn.org/?p=181
2- Tahseen Consulting, ""Tahseen Consulting Report Offers Solutions for GCC Governments to Use Open Data More Effectively"", April 26, 2014 http://tahseen.ae/blog/?p=944
3- Exantium, ""‘ODI Dubai’ created in partnership between Dubai based Exantium and UK’s Open Data Institute"", 31 Oct 2013 http://exantium.com/?p=402
All links accessed 30 May 2014."
"Qatar","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"There does not seem to be publicly accessible evidence that city or regional administrations run open data initiatives. The Open Data Policy draft did not make a specific mention of these neither but one might assume they are included as the Policy would encompass all official administrations (1).
This observation is confirmed by a recent report by Tahseen Consulting which also highlighted the lack of local focus: ""Relative to OECD countries, most GCC governments focus on national data portals rather than regional and city initiatives, have not enacted right to information laws, fail to engage civil society and academia in efforts, and lack education and training courses for developing more effective open data programs, the report says."" (2)
1- ictQatar Open Data Policy public consultation http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/documents/document/public-consultation-draft-open-data-policy
2- Tahseen Consulting, ""Tahseen Consulting Report Offers Solutions for GCC Governments to Use Open Data More Effectively"", April 26, 2014 http://tahseen.ae/blog/?p=944
All links accessed 30 May 2014."
"Qatar","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Given the little-to-no presence of Open Data actual initiatives and outreach, I would say that there is no impact at all. The ictQatar's draft Open Data Policy may be considered as a sign that the government starts understanding the need to open up public sector data. At this point, such assumptions remain however just speculations."
"Qatar","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"Given the little-to-no presence of such initiatives and outreach, I would say that there is no impact at all. The ictQatar's draft Open Data Policy may be considered as a sign that the government starts understanding the need to open up public sector data. At this point, such assumptions remain however just speculations. More importantly, the country has a long way to go: no Freedom of Info Act has been enforced and there is no mechanism to appeal denials to access to information requests. Furthermore, important parts of public sector activity (procurement, contracting) are not subject to auditing and scrutiny by law and the Emir remains the only decision-maker. His decisions cannot be challenged or even scrutinised. See TI's 2013 report for further details (1)
1- Transparency International (TI) Defence Transparency Index 2013 for QATAR http://government.defenceindex.org/results/countries/qatar (accessed on 17 June 2014)"
"Qatar","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"There is no data let alone open data on such topics. More importantly, extractive industry discussions are carefully avoided in official communication and Ministry of Environment website makes no mention of data or details on their development."
"Qatar","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no implemented open data initiative in the country. There is however a strategy aiming to bridge the digital divide (1). The strategy paper does not seem to include open data as a factor/tool for inclusion though (2)
1- ictQatar Digital Inclusion http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/department/digital-society/digital-inclusion
2- ictQatar ""Bridging the digital divide: ictQATAR’s Digital Inclusion Strategy"", 2 Jun 2014 http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/documents/document/bridging-digital-divide-our-digital-inclusion-strategy
All links accessed 17 June 2014."
"Qatar","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"There is no implemented open data initiative in the country. There is no evidence for impact on the economy."
"Qatar","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"There is no implemented open data initiative in the country. No evidence has been identified where entrepreneurs use/have tried to use data and push for public sector data to be open in order to build innovative business in the country."
"Qatar","ODB.2013.C.DPL",4,"""Qatar currently does not have a specific body of legislation addressing matters of data protection and privacy. Instead, Qatar's data protection and privacy regime is comprised of a variety of provisions found in other laws including the Qatari Penal Code, the Qatari Trade Secrets Law, the Qatari Constitution, the Qatari Telecommunications Law, the Qatari Labour Law, the banking regulations issued by the Qatar Central Bank (QCB), and most recently the Qatari E-Commerce Law."" (1)
Yet, most user information is protected under various laws and the Qatar Penal Law which enshrines the right to personal privacy. Also, the country's Constitution sets this right too. And a draft law is in the making (Privacy Association). Lastly, although spread across a number of different laws, protection of privacy is readily enforceable under those laws (2,3)
1- Clyde and Co., ""Data Protection in Qatar"" http://www.clydeco.com/insight/articles/data-protection-update-3-data-protection-in-qatar
2- Privacy Association, ""Qatar’s Draft Personal Information Privacy Protection Law"", https://www.privacyassociation.org/resource_center/qatars_draft_personal_information_privacy_protection_law_2011_11
3- Also see for details: Practical Law http://uk.practicallaw.com/1-518-8746#
All links accessed 24 June 2014."
"Qatar","ODB.2013.C.RTI",1,"Qatar does not have a clear RTI law. Requests can be made through Hukoomi, the e-gov portal, but no information is availble regarding how successful these are. Qatar however, is the most transparent Gulf country according to Transparency International in 2011."
"Russia","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"There is strong leadership and conception (initiative). There is lack of budget on federal level.
All set of documents on Russian Economic Ministry Portal - http://ar.gov.ru/inform_otkritost_05_otkritii_dannie/index.html
Includes open data conception, open data roadmap, open data publishing recomendations."
"Russia","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",3,"The extent is sufficient on the regional level - big amount of hackatons and promotions, Moscow Authorities, Google, Yandex, Federal Support, meetings, conferences
Moscow - http://api.data.mos.ru/hackathon
Saint-Petersburg- http://www.hackathon.spb.ru/
Yandex - http://tech.yandex.ru/events/meetings/hack/
InfoCulture project - http://infoculture.ru/ru/proekty/apps4russia/
Hackatons list from federal portal data.gov - http://data.gov.ru/competitions"
"Russia","ODB.2013.C.CITY",2,"All the links and then dates can be found from previous question. The prize money is not often high. But the number of open data applications on regional level is steadily growing.
Financial support for Open Data School - http://opendataschool.ru/"
"Russia","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",5,"There are 9 regions which succeed in open data publishing and promotion - http://xn--80ahccvvactsc1ibf.xn--80abeamcuufxbhgound0h9cl.xn--p1ai/news/579/
Open data portal Ulyanovskaya Oblast – 201 datasets (html, CSV), 3 apps -http://data.ulgov.ru/
Open data portal Chuvashskaya Republic – 89 datasets (html, CSV) - http://opendata.cap.ru/
Open data portal Tulskaya Oblast – 331 datasets (html, CSV, RDF), 5 apps - http://opendata71.ru/
Open data portal Tyva Republic – 109 datasets - http://www.opentuva.ru/
Open data portal Permsky Kray – http://opendata.permkrai.ru/opendata/
Open data portal Yaroslavskaya Oblast – 11 datasets (CSV) - http://www.yarregion.ru/opendata/default.aspx
Open data portal Saint-Petersburg - http://data.gov.spb.ru/
Open data portal Moscow – 241 datasets, 13 official apps и 24 – developers apps - data.mos.ru
Open data portal Zelenograd city – 153 datasets (XML, XLS, CSV) -http://www.zelao.ru/opendata/"
"Russia","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",7,"There is open project - Open Data School - http://opendataschool.ru/
Also data journalism - http://datadrivenjournalism.ru/
Also special course for civil servants in NRU HSE"
"Russia","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No evidence"
"Russia","ODB.2013.I.GOV",2,"Very good applications from data.mos.ru - really helpful for citizens
http://googlerussiablog.blogspot.ru/2013/10/moscow-app-contest-2013.html - for moms - www.mamnadzor.ru/
Very good transport application Izhevsk city - https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tel.neoasket.android.tramtime
http://xn--80ahccvvactsc1ibf.xn--80abeamcuufxbhgound0h9cl.xn--p1ai/results/?SECTION_ID=10"
"Russia","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",3,"Many projects were built based on open data which have sufficient influence in the society
http://declarator.org/about/- independent civil servants declarations collection
http://budget.mos.ru/ - Moscow open budget
http://budget4me.ru/ob/faces/home - independent Russia's open budget project
Project http://clearspending.ru/ which is based on info from zakupki.goV.ru"
"Russia","ODB.2013.I.ENV",1,"https://priroda-ok.ru/#open-data: - there is a ministerial portal Our Nature which contains relevant datasets about environment. But probably the value of this datasets is not enough.
feedback application is available - https://itunes.apple.com/ru/app/nasa-priroda/id740427898?mt=8"
"Russia","ODB.2013.I.ECON",5,"SPARK Marketing Project - very profitable and scalable project by private agency Interfax - uses open data (from zakupki.gov.ru for example) to provide clients with complete information about markets structure and companies players on the market - http://www.spark-marketing.ru/
Zakupki 360 - extra service based on public contracts and procurement - http://zakupki360.ru/#?slide=main"
"Russia","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",4,"(Note: Please refer to the reviewer / cood notes below for a better answer)
SPARK,
Web-cams from the window - http://www.probkiizokna.ru/aboutus.php -uses web-cam info to monitor traffic in Moscow
IST Budget http://www.ist-budget.ru/price.php - project serves as an extra comfortable search in zakupki.gov.ru - Charges for the service. - http://www.chaskor.ru/article/biznes_na_otkrytyh_dannyh_po_goszakazu_35279"
"Russia","ODB.2013.C.DPL",7,"There is special law Federal Law №152 ""About personal data"" - see here - http://www.rg.ru/2006/07/29/personaljnye-dannye-dok.html
It contains many important points about rights and dutes of key stakeholders participating in personal data exchange and protection. There some issues on technological level with data protection also due to human factor and corruption.
Citizens can also apply for any personal data and any other information due to regulations by Federal Law №59 ""About order of citizens' applications"" - http://www.rg.ru/2006/05/05/obraschenie-dok.html"
"Russia","ODB.2013.C.RTI",6,"There is no dirtect Law with such a title. But laws mentioned in previous question №152, №59 - actually include many issues about citizens rights for information preservation, inquiry. The official response period is 30 days. It is done for free. Usually by post, possible by e-mail and phone. Though due to some tests there are problems with phone accessibility responses - http://xn--80abeamcuufxbhgound0h9cl.xn--p1ai/pressa-o-nas/5510269/.
Please refer to reviewers comments. Score revised to 6"
"Rwanda","ODB.2013.C.INIT",2,"The National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda has an open data portal which publishes various statistical data as open data(1). The Institute claims it has put in place a number of innovative tools to revolutionise data management and data dissemination in Rwanda(2)- "" The new platforms are Rwanda Statistical Data Portal, a user friendly and powerful platform for time-series data visualisation in tables, charts and maps; National Data Archive (NADA) for microdata and associated metadata; Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange (SDMX) registry for data exchange and Rapid SMS for data collection and dissemination"". There is also another open data portal run by the African Development Bank(ADB) Group(3), which was not taken into consideration for scoring. However the government of Rwanda is yet to develop an open data policy or action plan. There are no concrete efforts or initiative to link up open data with the e-government master plan the country has developed very recently(4).
References:
(1)National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, http://statistics.gov.rw/publications, Date accessed- June 13, 2014.
(2)News- BIZTECH AFRICA, http://www.biztechafrica.com/article/rwanda-showcases-open-data-systems/6189/#.U5qyGpSSxsY, Date accessed- June 13, 2014.
(3) Open Data for Rwanda, http://rwanda.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 13, 2014.
(4) IT News Africa, http://www.itnewsafrica.com/2013/09/rwanda-works-out-e-government-master-plan/, Date accessed- June 13, 2014."
"Rwanda","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",1,"Open data in Rwanda is at its nascent stage, apart from the National Institute of Statistics Open Data Portal and the African Development Bank Group open data portal(which will not be considered in the scoring) in the country there are no other ongoing open data initiatives(1,2). In terms of civil society engagement with the government regarding open data there is only one notable effort - the African development Bank Group has developed an open data portal for Rwanda like it did for the other 19 African countries(2,3).
References:
(1)National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, http://statistics.gov.rw/publications, Date accessed- June 13, 2014.
(2) Open Data for Rwanda, http://rwanda.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 13, 2014.
(3) News- The AfDB Launches Open Data Platforms for 20 African Countries - Rwanda among them, http://apf-rwanda.ning.com/profiles/blogs/the-afdb-launches-open-data-platforms-for-20-african-countries-rw, Date accessed- June 13, 2014"
"Rwanda","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"The notion of open data in Rwanda is in its nascent stage, progresses in the area so far are limited, the National Institute of Statistics publishes Statistical Data and Gender Statistics Reports for open access and it uses a broader range of data analytic tools(1). However, the government is yet to have an open data policy/directives/action plan and promotion of the culture of innovation with open data through competitions(hackathon or bootcamps), grants or other forms of support by the government is non-existent. The government of Rwanda has embarked on an ambitious plan towards offering broadband Internet to its citizens(2), but when it comes to supporting a culture of innovation in ICT in general the government is even yet to express policy level commitments.
Reference:
(1) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, http://statistics.gov.rw/publications, Date accessed- June 13, 2014.
(2) Ministry of Youth & ICT- RWANDA MOVING TOWARDS CITIZENS’ EXPECTATIONS, http://www.myict.gov.rw/ict/documentation/rwanda-moving-towards-citizens-expectations/, Date accessed- June 07, 2014."
"Rwanda","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"The notion of open data in Rwanda is in its nascent stage, there is only one notable open data initiative by the government- the use of open data portal for publishing Statistical Data as well as Gender Statistics Reports for open access(1). There is also an open data portal for Rwanda run by development partner(African Development Bank Group)(2), these are the only two initiatives the country has in terms of opening up government data for citizens or researchers or policy makers. Scaling up efforts that target helping city or regional governments running their own open data initiatives during the period where this survey was conducted was non-existent.
Reference:
(1) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, http://statistics.gov.rw/publications, Date accessed- June 13, 2014.
(2)Open Data for Rwanda, http://rwanda.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 13, 2014."
"Rwanda","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",3,"Open data for Rwanda is a newbie, government efforts as well as policy level commitments in opening up data for citizen access is limited(1). Trainings that relate to open data are not offered by ICT firms as well as universities or colleges in the country(2,). However, some training that could contribute to building open data-related skills (mainly through universities and other training centers) exists.
References:
(1)National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, http://statistics.gov.rw/publications, Date accessed- June 13, 2014.
(2)University of Rwanda, College of Science and Technology, http://www.cst.ur.ac.rw/, Date accessed- June 13, 2014.
(3) University of Rwanda, College of Business and Economics, http://www.cbe.ur.ac.rw/, Date accessed- June 13, 2014."
"Rwanda","ODB.2013.I.GOV",1,"Open data in Rwanda is at its nascent stage. However there is one notable initiative, the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda(NISR) has made significant progresses in terms of making available an open data portal for users(1). NISR has co-hosted a workshop to sensitive the availability of powerful platform for time-series data visualisation in tables, charts and maps; National Data Archive (NADA) for microdata and associated metadata; Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange (SDMX) registry for data exchange and Rapid SMS for data collection and dissemination to potential users(development partners, researchers, academia, government institutions, media and the private sector)(2). Open data impacts such as in terms of enhancing government efficiency and effectiveness generally is yet to be felt.
References:
(1) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, http://statistics.gov.rw/publications, Date accessed- June 14, 2014.
(2)News BIZTECH Africa- Rwanda Showcases Open Data Systems, http://www.biztechafrica.com/article/rwanda-showcases-open-data-systems/6189/#.U51_8pSSxsY, Date accessed- June 14, 2014"
"Rwanda","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"The notion of open data for Rwanda is a newbie, right now there is only one initiative which can be considered as the government initiative on publishing and opening up data for access to potential users(1) and the effort is yet to be followed up by policy drive. The functioning of the NISR data portal is a recent open data development in Rwanda, the website publishes several data sets including international trade as open data, however its impact on the good governance constructs such as accountability and transparency is yet to start taking roots(2)
References:
(1) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, http://statistics.gov.rw/publications, Date accessed- June 13, 2014.
(2) C. Iglesias,European Public Sector Information Platform Topic Report No. 2013 / 12, A year of Open Data in the EMEA region, http://www.epsiplatform.eu/sites/default/files/A%20year%20of%20Open%20Data%20in%20the%20EMEA%20region_0.pdf, December 2013."
"Rwanda","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"This question has been scored in the same vein of perspectives as the previous two(I1 & I2). The National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda(NISR) publishes environmental statistics(1) as open data however its impacts is yet to be felt as the country is just beginning to embrace the notion of open data. The Rwanda Environment Management Authority(REMA) publishes reports that relate to the state of Rwanda environment, however it is not available as open data(2). The data set to an extent exist as open data(1), however its impact is yet to take root because of the fact that open data is a new notion for the country(3).
(1) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, http://statistics.gov.rw/publications/eicv-3-thematic-report-environment-and-natural-resources, Date accessed- June 14, 2014.
(2) REMA, http://www.rema.gov.rw/soe/ Date accessed- June 14, 2014.
(3) C. Iglesias,European Public Sector Information Platform Topic Report No. 2013 / 12, A year of Open Data in the EMEA region, http://www.epsiplatform.eu/sites/default/files/A%20year%20of%20Open%20Data%20in%20the%20EMEA%20region_0.pdf December 2013."
"Rwanda","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"The open data portal run by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda(NISR) publishes several data sets for open access for the general public(1), and the impact of open data in enhancing the disadvantaged groups inclusion in the policy making process or accessing government services at this stage is non-existent as the country is new entrant to the open data world(2).
References:
(1) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, http://statistics.gov.rw/publications/eicv-3-thematic-report-environment-and-natural-resources, Date accessed- June 14, 2014.
(2) C. Iglesias,European Public Sector Information Platform Topic Report No. 2013 / 12, A year of Open Data in the EMEA region, http://www.epsiplatform.eu/sites/default/files/A%20year%20of%20Open%20Data%20in%20the%20EMEA%20region_0.pdf, December 2013."
"Rwanda","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"This question has been scored in the same vein of perspectives as I1, I2 & I3. Putting aside the open data portal run by the African Development Bank Group(1), the country has a single truly open data portal run by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda(NISR)(2). Due to open data being a recent phenomenon for Rwanda the current initiatives effect on stimulating the country's economy is yet to be felt.
References:
(1) Open Data for Rwanda, http://rwanda.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 14, 2014.
(2) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, http://statistics.gov.rw/publications, Date accessed- June 14, 2014."
"Rwanda","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"Collectively open data initiatives in Rwanda are very limited (1,2), it is yet to take a strong foothold and the government also is yet to embrace the notion with a wider policy drive. Thus, entrepreneurial use of open data in Rwanda is very much a thing of the future.
References:
(1) Open Data for Rwanda, http://rwanda.opendataforafrica.org/, Date accessed- June 14, 2014.
(2) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, http://statistics.gov.rw/publications, Date accessed- June 14, 2014."
"Rwanda","ODB.2013.C.DPL",3,"The country has a very recent data protection policy(1,2). There's no evidence to what extent it has been applied yet. Prior to that, Article 52 of the Telecommunications Law 2001 forbad the interception of communications, but gave the government sweeping powers to ""do all that is necessary"" which ""appears"" dangerous to national security (3). This extensive power would put into question the quality of protection of personal data in the country.
Reference:
(1) http://www.telecompaper.com/news/rwandan-ict-experts-discuss-draft-data-protection-policy--955378#.U5lrvnKSxsY, Date accessed- June 12, 2014.
[2)HIPSSA Project Support for Harmonization of the ICT Policies in Sub-Sahara Africa,Workshop with Data Protection Stakeholders Kigali, July 2013, http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Projects/ITU-EC-ACP/HIPSSA/Documents/In-country%20support%20documents/Rwanda_DATA%20PROTECTION%20POLICY%20FINAL.pdf
(3) Privacy and Data Protection- Rwanda- http://opennetafrica.org/policy-and-legislation/rwanda/"
"Rwanda","ODB.2013.C.RTI",5,"Rwanda has a right to information law, at the time it was the 11th African countries to have the law in place(1). However it has been a year or so since the law has come to force, but barely a quarter of Rwanda public institutions have appointed information officers (2). The new law has clear provisions on proactive disclosure and allows for all people to make applications to see information, including organisations, companies and public bodies(3).
References:
(1) http://www.freedominfo.org/2013/03/rwanda-publishes-new-law-on-right-to-information/, Date accessed- June 12, 2014.
(2) http://www.freedominfo.org/2014/04/rwandan-agencies-failing-appoint-information-officers/ Accessed Aug 2014
(3) http://www.article19.org/resources.php/resource/3673/en/rwanda:-access-to-information-law-passed
(4) http://www.right2info.org/resources/publications/laws-1/laws_ghana_rti-law/view"
"Saudi Arabia","ODB.2013.C.INIT",2,"The KSA doesn't have a specific OD initiative. However, there is a section on the Saudi portal named 'Open Government Data'. Indeed, the data is in enclosed in PDFs, XLS/XLSX files (thus is not in open formats) and the whole portal is not openly licensed). Thus, it cannot be considered Open Data.
Although the datasets attempt to cover diverse fields of activity (health, GCC, etc.), they are outdated (majority covers 2010-2011, some go up to 2012).
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) does not have a stand-alone access to information law.
- 'Open Government Data' section on the Saudi portal http://www.saudi.gov.sa/wps/portal/yesserRoot/aboutKingdom/openGovernmentData/ (accessed 17 June 2014)"
"Saudi Arabia","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",0,"Civil society is not really allowed to exist in KSA. In addition, options for collaboration/participation are not part of KSA's so called open government data portal. No evidence was identified that ICT professionals use the scarce and outdated data available through this portal.
- 'Open Government Data' section on the Saudi portal (topics) http://www.saudi.gov.sa/wps/portal/yesserRoot/aboutKingdom/openGovernmentData/!ut/p/b1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOId3Z2dgj1NjAz8zUMMDTxNzZ2NHU0NDd09DIEKIvEocDanTL-3ESH9XvpR6Tn5SUCn-nnk56bqF-SGRlQ6KioCAFAj_Ws!/dl4/d5/L0lDUmlTUSEhL3dHa0FKRnNBLzRKVXFDQSEhL2Vu/ (accessed 17 June 2014)"
"Saudi Arabia","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"There is no evidence the government ever includes Open Data in its innovation efforts. Instead it uses a more traditional approach: ready-to-use website (e.g., the one launched in May 2014 that promises to be the direct link between Saudi citizens and the King).
- ""Saudis Now Have an Online Portal to the King"", Mashable, May 3, 2014 http://mashable.com/2014/05/02/saudi-arabia-website/
All links accessed 17 June 2014."
"Saudi Arabia","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",1,"There is no evidence that city or regional administrations run their own open data initiatives.
This observation is confirmed by a recent report by Tahseen Consulting which also highlighted the lack of local focus: ""Relative to OECD countries, most GCC governments focus on national data portals rather than regional and city initiatives, have not enacted right to information laws, fail to engage civil society and academia in efforts, and lack education and training courses for developing more effective open data programs, the report says.""
- ""Tahseen Consulting Report Offers Solutions for GCC Governments to Use Open Data More Effectively"", Tahseen Consulting, April 26, 2014 http://tahseen.ae/blog/?p=944
All links accessed 17 June 2014."
"Saudi Arabia","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",3,"No evidence was identified that such training is available. No evidence was identified that the organisation of such trainings is being discussed neither.
A recent report by Tahseen Consulting also highlighted the lack of training: ""Relative to OECD countries, most GCC governments focus on national data portals rather than regional and city initiatives, have not enacted right to information laws, fail to engage civil society and academia in efforts, and lack education and training courses for developing more effective open data programs, the report says.""
Lastly, an Open Data Institute node was inaugurated in November 2013 in Dubai. From informal discussions with its founder Ibrahim Elbadawi (December 2013), the node will help run training sessions on Open Data for government officials. Elbadawi also highlighted the lack of readiness of government officials in the field of Open Data which is a concern with respect to the proposed draft Policy.
However, some training that could contribute to building open data-related skills (mainly through universities and other training centers) exists.
- ""Tahseen Consulting Report Offers Solutions for GCC Governments to Use Open Data More Effectively"", Tahseen Consulting, April 26, 2014 http://tahseen.ae/blog/?p=944
- ""‘ODI Dubai’ created in partnership between Dubai based Exantium and UK’s Open Data Institute"", Exantium, October 31, 2013 http://exantium.com/?p=402
All links accessed 17 June 2014."
"Saudi Arabia","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"There is no real data initiative in KSA. No data is released at all on these matters, let alone open data. Not sure thus whether even a score of 0 applies (should be N/A)."
"Saudi Arabia","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"There is no real open data initiative in KSA. Also, the equivalent of Parliament (Majles al-Shura) only has consultative input and political parties and NGOs are prohibited. Not sure thus whether even a score of 0 applies (should be N/A)."
"Saudi Arabia","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"There is no real data initiative in KSA. Also, the equivalent of Parliament (Majles al-Shura) only has consultative input and political parties and NGOs are prohibited. Not sure thus whether even a score of 0 applies (should be N/A)."
"Saudi Arabia","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no real data initiative in KSA. No data is released at all on these matters, let alone open data. Not sure thus whether even a score of 0 applies (should be N/A)."
"Saudi Arabia","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"There is no real data initiative in KSA. No data is released at all on these matters, let alone open data. The only consideration of possible relevance here may be that the US Department of State 2013 assessment reports that the Government Tendering and Procurement Regulations of 2006 has improved transparency within the government procurement regime through publication of tenders. Not sure thus whether even a score of 0 applies (should be N/A).
- 2013 Investment Climate Statement - Saudi Arabia, US State Dept http://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2013/204726.htm
All links accessed 17 June 2014"
"Saudi Arabia","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"There is no real data initiative in KSA and SMEs rarely consider ICT as a priority field for business. Not sure thus whether even a score of 0 applies (should be N/A)."
"Saudi Arabia","ODB.2013.C.DPL",2,"Saudi Arabia does not have a unified, nation-wide data protection regime. Instead, it has a collection of Acts that provide specific protections. The privacy of communications is protected in the Telecom Act, except in cases stipulated by relevant acts. The responsibility is on the service providers and the commission to protect users. There is full provision for the protection of users privacy, both for communications and user data. Service providers are responsible for protecting user privacy and for keeping user data up-to-date and accurate.
Both the Telecom Act and Bylaws allow for private data or communications to be disclosed or monitored in cases permitted or required by Saudi law (governed by principles of Shari'a, which prohibits the invasion of a person's privacy).
Privacy thus seems to be protected thanks to a few Acts and laws. Yet, a unified system to protect privacy of data is missing making understanding of someone's rights and responsibilities difficult. Importantly, there is no safety net against state surveillance. The need to add data protection in the Saudi law has been talked about but apparently with no interest to materialise.
- Telecom Act [English] http://www.citc.gov.sa/English/RulesandSystems/CITCSyste/Documents/LA%20_001_E_%20Telecom%20Act%20English.pdf
- Telecom Bylaws http://www.citc.gov.sa/English/RulesandSystems/Bylaws/Documents/LA_005_%20E_Telecom%20Act%20Bylaws.pdf
All links accessed 24 June 2014."
"Saudi Arabia","ODB.2013.C.RTI",0,"KSA does not have a stand-alone RTI law. There is a National Contact Center in KSA committed to: ""Inquiries from individuals, businesses and government agencies on e-services provided by government agencies, will receive professional response through appropriate mechanism and efficient handling."" Yet, inquiries seem to solely relate to services provided by the govtal agencies to citizens, with nothing looking like a FOI request being plausibly filed. Lastly, there is no possibility to ask something different from the aforementioned questions through the e-gov portal; on its forums, questions relate to services and demand clarification on various paperwork cases.
- National Contact Center http://www.199099.gov.sa/en/Pages/default.aspx (accessed 21 Aug 2014)
- KSA e-gov forums (Arabic) http://www.saudi.gov.sa/wps/portal/yesserRoot/saudiForums (accessed 21 Aug 2014)"
"Senegal","ODB.2013.C.INIT",0,"There is currently no official Open Government Data initiative but the Government committed itself, through the Strategy for Digital Development, to launch an Open Data platform by 2015 (1).
##Sources
(1): http://www.senegalnumerique2020.sn/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Rapport-de-Kalba-version-27-Sept-13.pdf Accessed on 2014-09-19"
"Senegal","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",3,"In Senegal, as Alioune Tine President of the African meeting of human rights, media men and those of civil society have easy access to government information. ""The data are available in Senegal. Journalists and members of civil society have the right to information as indicated by the constitution,"" he said. Serigne Diaw, member of civil society in Senegal added that it is in this perspective that the UK one of the world (OWUK), an ""engaged in the promotion of ICTs for development"" non-governmental organization, recently organized training on the use of ICTs by civil society in monitoring the presidential and other voices. This meeting strengthened citizen participation enabling organizations Senegalese civil society to integrate information technologies and communication strategies, explained the manager Abdul Karim Do idiaye program."
"Senegal","ODB.2013.C.CITY",2,"Senegal has set up a local development program (PNDL) which is part of the overall implementation of the policy by the Government of Senegal to achieve the objectives of the paper (PRSP) of poverty reduction and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Thus, according Elimane Kane, professor of sociology at the University Cheikh Anta Diop, the data is open to all. The data is accessed through competition and State Sénégale support by an annual grant for the data to be available and accessible to all.
The main objective is to promote access to information and make proposals to improve governance. Christian Sina Diatta, a former minister, said that even if there is such a government initiative, some people do not know and this makes it difficult in most cases, the applicability of this initiative, which is at least commendable."
"Senegal","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"Senegal, according Elimane Kane, there is accessible to all citizens electronic platform. This allows citizens to have access to data, to give their views on incidents. Senegalese citizens also have easy access to social networks to provide information such as SMS, email, Twitter and others to inform.
Cheikh Mbengue responsible for ICT, at the Private University of Bourguiba added that Senegal, especially young people are equipped on social networks to inform and often during events such as elections they activate more inform. Data inland towns are open and accessible to all citizens."
"Senegal","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",2,"There are good web and data science curriculum in the high-level education system but this is not open to individuals or businesses. There has been few one-off introduction sessions or workshops on Data Journalism or Open Data organized with participation of external contributors"
"Senegal","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"The Government of Senegal, according Niasse, President of the National Assembly has undertaken actions that have proven effective government with the launch of Project Senegal emerging (PSE), which meant that the country has gained about 1,800 more billion CFA francs, without giving credibility to effective government actions.
Malick Tchandoun economist added that the current government has implemented macro-economic data today help young people get a job and from January to May 2014, over 8,000 young people have found permanent employment."
"Senegal","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"In managing the things of the state, the government Macky Sall, according to the Prime Minister, Mimi Touré established data transparency in the management of public affairs, including through trial to those who plundered the resources of the State and also by establishing a transparent management.
But Idrissa Seck, former Prime Minister think that even if it is true that the current government plays on transparency and credibility, there are shortcomings in economic terms that do not give visibility into the activities of governm"
"Senegal","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"According to the former minister of the environment, Abdoulaye Batchily, there are significant data on the sustainability and environmental management. For, he adds that the government combines environmental management and ICT and this has to have information on the decisions of the power and awareness of certain political realities and development
Aissatou Camara civil society think the government despite the data is not sufficiently informed or aware of their decisions on environmental protection. She noted that information on the Internet should be regularly active and updated updated for more visibility and allows any citizen to be informed in a timely management of the environment.
Ali Haider, environmentalist said that data for the protection of the environment emanate not only the government but also private associations and organizations"
"Senegal","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Senegalese Constitution states in its first article that ""The Republic of Senegal is a political, economic and social democracy. It ensures equality before the law for all citizens, regardless of origin, race, sex, religion discrimination. It shall respect all beliefs. ""Similarly, Article 5 of the Constitution states that"" Any act of racial, ethnic or religious, as well as any regionalist propaganda undermine the internal security of the State or the integrity of the territory of the Republic shall be punished by law. "" Even if it is provided in the constitution, we must recognize that some ethnic minorities such as Manjack the Makagne the Pounuon the Socé and Bassari among others in the region of southern Senegal, identify other majority groups . Eg Dakar Bassari only speaks Wolof majority.
According Amadou Gueye, a lawyer at the court in Dakar, Senegal has developed since 2004 an employment policy that marginalized groups, especially women can have jobs and be in positions of government decisions. Moreover, the current Prime Minister is a woman."
"Senegal","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"Economist Mbengué Ami explained that the Ministry of Economy has a platform data that have a positive impact on the economy. On the outskirts, businesses to settle in Senegal, using the ATM, which allows them to save time and move quickly.
Djibi Faye services tax admits that the state has cut taxes to bring investors to set up and added to it, foreign investors have bonuses in the field of communication and others. ""These data show that the country has already won this year 2014 over 29 major companies are located in Senegal, not to mention small and medium enterprises. To say that open data has a positive impact on the economy """
"Senegal","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"According Djibi Faye, companies in Senegal are no longer in the analogy. All companies according to him are in the digital that first helps to make a good turnover and save time. Also the capacity of employees are strengthened so that they are the standards of today's new tools.
Friend Mbengué is that even if there are efforts to build new businesses through data, there is still much to do for entrepreneurs to be in standards development in the country."
"Senegal","ODB.2013.C.DPL",6,"According to Privacy International, the laws of personal data in Senegal are vast and comprehensive, widely applicable, provide the right choice / consent and the right to access, sets out the responsibilities of the holders of information and is entitled to compensation. Senegalese constitution in Article 10 recognizes the right to data protection of individuals. According to counsel, Elimane Ngom of the Court, the right to data protection in Senegal and that should never be violated.
by institute CAPI in Dakar, in the legal arsenal, the right of access to information is guaranteed. But in reality, these texts are silent as to how applications. There is no law fixing the access to information rights. Hence the need for good information law and the declaration of assets of members of the administration and elected officials and the definition of access to information and the right to information.
Rouguiyatou Kane Thiam Civil Forum stated that a law on access to information aims to ensure the free media access to information sources (remove excessive exceptions) to meet the specific needs of the media matters of access to information, give them binding character to the Access to Information Act. It also aims to establish the obligations of access, and to establish mechanisms implemented in continuity.
But to get there, he will overcome obstacles. Among these barriers are inconsistent regulatory and institutional framework of government communications because there is no body of centralization and publication of information.
Similarly, the texts are unsuitable (eg flight and concealment of administrative document). It adds the culture of secrecy in the central and decentralized administration and excessive bureaucracy, the survival of certain practices, sensitive information as is the case for information relating to the army, the Casamance crisis, some economic and financial information, etc.. There is also the problem of the accuracy of certain information sources (budget, public accounting), the non-protection of sources, internal factors of the media and poor grasp of research techniques"
"Senegal","ODB.2013.C.RTI",2,"According Souleymane Niang journalist PANOS, Senegal is quite equipped legally to allow any citizen access to information and legal arsenal, the right of access to information is guaranteed. ""But in reality, these texts are silent as to how applications. There is no law fixing the access to information rights. Hence the need for good information law and the declaration of assets of members of the administration and elected officials and the definition of access to information and the right to information, ""a- he said.
According to him, a law on access to information aims to guarantee the media free access to information sources, to meet the specific needs of the media access to information materials, give them character opposable to the Access to Information Act. ""It also aims to establish the obligations of access, and to establish mechanisms implemented in continuity. But to get there, he will overcome obstacles. Among these barriers are inconsistent regulatory and institutional framework of government communications because there is no body of centralization and publication of information. Similarly, the texts are inadequate. It adds the culture of secrecy in the central and decentralized administration and excessive bureaucracy, the survival of certain practices, sensitive information as is the case for information relating to the army, the Casamance crisis, some economic and financial information, etc.. There is also the problem of the accuracy of certain information sources (budget, public accounting), the non-protection of sources, internal factors of the media and poor grasp of research techniques, ""he adds.
That is why Souleymane Niang recommends promoting the access of journalists and technicians communication information through status conferred by law and certified by a press card fits. Added to this consideration the specificity of community media and specific needs of the media. This requires a clear statement of political will, he said.
Article 19 of the Senegalese constitution considers that the availability and accessibility of information enable people to demand their rights and the availability of public services. Transparency and the free flow of information, including the right of everyone to seek, receive and impart information and ideas for development, are essential for reducing corruption, promoting accountability and ensuring sustainable development. The right to information is therefore a positive step by Mameless Camara for sustainable development and Souleymane Dieng, National Radio journalist added that the right to information in Senegal is effective and that it promotes good governance."
"Sierra Leone","ODB.2013.C.INIT",1,"There is no evidence of a formal open data initiative in Sierra Leone. However, the country is signatory to Open Government Partnership and has developed the open Governance Partnership - Sierra Leone’s Open Government Partnership National Action Plan (1).
In May 2014, the government endorsed a draft National Action Plan (NAP) for Open Governance Partnership in a ceremony led by President Ernest Bai Koroma. More than 300 government officials, paramount chiefs, civil society leaders, women and youth groups, and the general public attended the ceremony. The Action Plan has now been forwarded to the OGP Support Unit in Washington, DC for comment and feedback. The commitments Sierra Leone’s government has made in the NAP will lead to more open government processes and increase citizens’ interactions with their government — a significant step on the long road of Sierra Leone’s reform agenda (2).
The government has created transparency sites, which provides information about government activities but which is not explicitly an open data site. Sierra Leone Transparency Site (3) (4)
There is a portal known as Sierra Leone Internet Portal - http://www.portal.sln1.com/ Provided by local IT systems engineering firm Netserv SL. The portal has interactive data on population census and budgets for 2013 and 2014.
It is also worthy noting that there is a third party - African Development Bank Group that is providing open data for Sierra Leone - http://sierraleone.opendataforafrica.org/
##Sources
(1): -http://www.opengovpartnership.org/files/sierra-leonefinal-national-action-plan6152014finalpdf/download.
(2): Partners for Democratic Change-blog Editor, An Insider’s Perspective on Sierra Leone’s Action Plan for the Open Government Partnership published on May 1, 2014,(http://blog.partnersglobal.org/an-insiders-perspective-on-sierra-leones-action-plan-for-ogp/ accessed on 2nd June 2014).
(3): Claudia Schwegmann Published: February 2012. Open Data in Developing Countries (accessed on 24th June 2014). http://www.epsiplatform.eu/sites/default/files/127790068-Topic-Report-Open-Data-in-Developing-Countries.pdf
(4): http://www.transparencysierraleone.gov.sl/"
"Sierra Leone","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",1,"Civil society organisations such as Campaign for Good Governance in Sierra Leone have engaged the government of Sierra Leone on issues of Open data. The organisation is further a member of National Steering Committee for Open Governance Partnership (1). Other Civil Society Organisations that engaged on the drafting of the Sierra Leone National Action plan on Open Governance Partnership included - Initiatives for Media Development, Society for Democratic Initiatives, Transparency International (2).
Furthermore, the Sierra Leone’s Open Government Partnership engaged with Sierra Leonean Diaspora in London on April 13 to discuss the country’s membership of the global Open Government Partnership (OGP). The purpose of the consultation was to get feedback from Sierra Leoneans in the Diaspora on the government’s action plan on the OGP process (3).
##Sources
(1): Partners for Democratic Change-blog Editor, An Insider’s Perspective on Sierra Leone’s Action Plan for the Open Government Partnership published on May 1, 2014,(http://blog.partnersglobal.org/an-insiders-perspective-on-sierra-leones-action-plan-for-ogp/ accessed on 2nd June 2014).
(2): Yeama Thompson, Open Governance Partnership Website, STRENGTHENED MEDIA STRATEGY ENSURED CITIZENS ENGAGEMENT, published on June 17, 2014, (http://www.opengovpartnership.org/blog/yeama-thompson/2014/06/17/strengthened-media-strategy-ensured-citizens-engagement#sthash.O045tcMz.dpuf accessed on 21st June 2014)
(3): Sierra Express Media Publisher, Diaspora consultation on Sierra Leone’s Global Open Government Partnership membership, published on April 29, 2014 (http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/archives/66990#sthash.pZhdqrKZ.dpuf accessed on 2nd June 2014)"
"Sierra Leone","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"There are no city or regional open data initiatives in Sierra Leone."
"Sierra Leone","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"There is no government support for innovation using open data. However, there is evidence that Non-Governmental Organisations support innovations through competitions in the country. For example, In 2013 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the University of Sierra Leone hosted UNDP Innovation Award where the 23 year-old Salton Massally, founder of www.careers.sl, received the years' UNDP Innovation Award at the first Social Good Summit in Sierra Leone on 23rd September 2013. Careers.sl won the $1000 award after receiving the highest number of votes from participants as well as a distinguished jury composed of Jamie Bedson, Country Manager of Restless Development, Ziad Safdar of the World Bank as well as Mohamed Abchir, UNDP Deputy Country Director. Under the theme: How can ICT empower Sierra Leone youth, a total of six entrepreneurs presented their initiatives and highlighted how their work helps empower young people in Sierra Leone in front of over a hundred and fifty students and development organization representatives. The showcased projects ranged from Splash, the country's first mobile payment system; to ICT nationwide trainings supporting economic development; to Massally's job-search engine wherein employers can publish their job adverts and receive applications from job-seekers (1).
##Sources
(1): United Nations Development Programme website - http://www.sl.undp.org/content/sierraleone/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2013/09/23/career-portal-wins-undp-s-2013-innovation-prize/ (accessed on 27th June 2014)"
"Sierra Leone","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",0,"There is limited evidence for training available for individuals or businesses wishing to increase their skills or build businesses to use open data. However, based on the Open Data Research Network Website, there is some evidence that during one of the post law (Right to Information) trainings of information officers of ministries, departments and agencies of government, the ODDC mentor to the Sierra Leone research, Michael Gurstein, exposed Sierra Leonean public information officers to the fundamental definition of open data and highlighted the differences between access to information and open data. Timely intervention and clarification of the two different, but related, concepts was appreciated by participants at the meeting. It also diffused the tensions and confusions of over bombarding the two concepts on the people of Sierra Leone (1).
##Sources
(1): Open Data Research Network website - Connecting Open Data and the Right to Information in Sierra Leone, published on Mon 26 May 2014 (http://www.opendataresearch.org/content/2014/642/connecting-open-data-and-right-information-sierra-leone accessed on 21st June 2014)."
"Sierra Leone","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"There is no evidence of open data impact on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness in Sierra Leone. However, there is a process of undertaking a Research project: Taking Stock of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Open Data Initiatives in Sierra Leone. With such a study, it will be able to tell the impact of open data on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness (1) Open data in sierra Leone is at nascent stage stage.
##Sources
(1): Open Data Research Network, Research project: Taking Stock of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Open Data Initiatives in Sierra Leone. - (http://www.opendataresearch.org/project/2013/sdi accessed on 13th June 2014)"
"Sierra Leone","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"There is no evidence on impact of open data on increasing transparency and accountability in the country. The Access to Information Act was passed recently in 2013 and also the government lacks an open data portal which makes it difficult to measure the impact of open data on transparency and accountability.
Despite the fact that there are initiatives in the country where data is made available to citizens, Sierra still lags behind in governance and transparency. for example, In January 2012, the government of Sierra Leone and its international donors, such as the United Nations Development Programme, German Society for International Cooperation, Revenue Development Foundation and World Bank, launched a joint initiative called the ‘GoSL Online Repository’, which records all public mining licences and related payments. But there is still concern that the public does not have a means to cross check whether the revenue payments on the repository system is accurate, and whether other information which are in the public interest – not government’s are being uploaded. The Revenue Watch Institute, published its latest Resource Governance Index for 2013. The Resource Governance Index measures the quality of governance in the oil, gas and mining sector of 58 countries.The 2013 Index scores Sierra Leone 24 out of 100. This according to the Index is a ‘failing’ score. (1).
##Sources
(1): Yusuf Keketoma Sandi, Sierra Leone lags behind in governance and transparency, published by The Sierra Leone Telegraph on 23 May 2013. http://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/?p=4075 (accessed on 27th June 2014)"
"Sierra Leone","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No evident impact at all. However, Sierra Leone is one of the countries that are being studied through a research project known as ""Exploring the Emerging Impacts of Open Data in Developing Countries"" - Open data impact on increasing the inclusion of marginalized groups in policy making is one of the aspects being studied.
##Sources
(1): World Wide Web Foundation website. http://webfoundation.org/2013/02/launching-research-exploring-the-emerging-impacts-of-open-data-in-developing-countries-oddc/ (accessed on 13th June 2014)."
"Sierra Leone","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"No impact evident at all."
"Sierra Leone","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"No evident impact at all despite the some environmental data on the UN website.
##Sources
(1): UN Data
, (http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=SIERRA%20LEONE accessed on 17th June 2014)"
"Sierra Leone","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"There is no evidence of entrepreneurial use of open data in sierra leone given the fact that there is no any official government open data portal."
"Sierra Leone","ODB.2013.C.DPL",3,"There is no robust legal or regulatory framework for protection of personal data in Sierra Leone. However, Right to Access Information Act highlights issues surrounding personal matters.
Article 21. Section (1) states that, The duty to disclose information shall not apply if, or to the extent that, compliance with section 2 would involve the unreasonable disclosure of personal information concerning an individual.
(2) For the purposes of this section disclosure is not unreasonable if–
(a) the individual to whom the information relates gives prior consent;
(b) the disclosure is required to promote public health or public safety;
(c) the disclosure is necessary in order to subject public authorities and private bodies to public scrutiny;
(d) the disclosure is made to the individual to whom the information relates;
(e) the disclosure can reasonably be expected not to have an adverse effect on the affairs of any person or prejudice the future supply of the information;
(f) the information is already available to the public;
(g) the individual to whom the information relates was informed or made aware prior to supplying the information that the information belongs to a class of information (1).
Furthermore, according to Centre for Accountability and Rule of Law (2013), Data Protection Act is needed to give leverage to the Right to Access Information Act. This implies that Sierra Leone lacks the Data Protection Policy (2).
In addition to the above, Sierra Leone is part of the ECOWAS which has a legal framework for data protection for all the countries that make up ECOWAS (3).
##Sources
(1): The Right to Access Information Act 2013 (http://www.sierra-leone.org/Laws/2013-02.pdf accessed on 11th June 2014)
(2): CENTRE for ACCOUNTABILITY and RULE of LAW (2013). Curbing Corruption in Sierra Leone: ASSESSMENTS OF ISSUES AND
INSTITUTIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REFORM. http://www.carl-sl.org/home/images/stories/reports/Corruption%20Report.pdf (accessed on 26th June 2014)
(3). SUPPLEMENTARY ACT ON PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION WITHIN ECOWAS - http://www.statewatch.org/news/2013/mar/ecowas-dp-act.pdf accessed on 30th July 2014"
"Sierra Leone","ODB.2013.C.RTI",5,"On 29th October, 2013 - The Sierra Leone Parliament enacted the Right to Access Information Act, 2013 otherwise known as, the “Freedom of Information Act” (1). The Right to Access Information Act establishes a right to access government information and requires all parts of government to adopt and widely disseminate a plan for making records publicly available (2). The legislation also imposes a penalty for willful obstruction of its provisions (3). There is no evidence to indicate the functionality of Right to Information as it has just been enacted recently.
##Sources
(1): Kwame Yankson, Ministry of Information and Communications, Sierra Leone, Sierra Express Media Publisher, Sierra Leone implements Right to Access Information Act 2013, published on on October 29, 2013, (http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/archives/62370#sthash.wwTSaF5H.dpuf accessed on 5th June 2014).
(2):The Right to Access Information Act (2013) is available at http://www.sierra-leone.org/Laws/2013-02.pdf (accessed on 5th June 2014)
(3): Amnesty International Website, Sierra Leone: New law promotes transparency, published on 29 October 2013, (http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/sierra-leone-new-law-promotes-transparency-2013-10-29 accessed on 4th June 2014)."
"Singapore","ODB.2013.C.INIT",7,"Singapore has an open data initiative launched on 20 June 2011. It is available at http://data.gov.sg/home.aspx.
data.gov.sg brings together over 8600 datasets from 60 government ministries and agencies – the number datasets increased by 60% since the initiative started. It was initiated by the Ministry of Finance along with the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore . The government committed to expand the amount of data shared in June 2013, and to work towards making all datasets on data.gov.sg and OneMap machine-readable – up from the then 50 per cent by the end of 2013.(1)
The initiative offers free, accessible, machine-readable data stored in open standards, but the government has a “terms of use”(2), keeps the right of data removal without notice, and requires app developers to register. The data is released in a timely fashion, but its primacy is questionable as data collection methods are not always disclosed. The data is also incomplete as certain “sensitive” areas (e.g. race, religion, finances) are not included.
As there is clear commitment to the open data initiative both in principle and in terms of resources, but the initiative does not fulfill the requirements of the common 10 open data principles(3), score 7 seems appropriate.
Sources:
(1)http://www.ida.gov.sg/blog/insg/special-reports/singapore-makes-strides-in-open-data/ Accessed on 10 June 2014.
(2)http://data.gov.sg/common/terms.aspx Accessed on 10 June 2014.
(3)http://sunlightfoundation.com/policy/documents/ten-open-data-principles/ Accessed on 10 June 2014."
"Singapore","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",2,"According to the Open Knowledge Foundation’s Open Data Index (28 Oct 2013)(2), Singapore gained 335 points (1) (identical to Tunisia and Bangladesh), and was ranked in the lowest third of the analyzed 70 countries in terms of the openness of its government data. Regardless of the expansion of the initiative in Singapore, this score signals that the available data is still quite limited and primarily consists of areas where the government expects productive applications to develop – e.g. transport, emissions, and statistics.
It was this productivity/efficiency-driven argument, which led to the development of Singapore’s open data initiative, which was brought forward by the government “on its own”, and not because civil society demanded it in an organized fashion. CSOs have been criticizing the government for its lack of transparency for a long time(3)(4), but there was no organized movement for “open data”, hence score 2 seems appropriate.
Sources:
(1) https://index.okfn.org/country/overview/Singapore/ Accessed on 10 June 2014.
(2) https://index.okfn.org/country Accessed on 10 June 2014.
(3) http://www.sgpolitics.net/?p=6282 Accessed on 10 June 2014.
(4) Interview with Yvonne Guo, PhD Candidate in Public Policy at NUS, 11 June 2014."
"Singapore","ODB.2013.C.CITY",7,"In the research period the following open data focused events took place organized by Singapore’s open data initiative(1): ""Data in the City"" Hackathon (23rd to 25th August 2013) organized by the Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) in collaboration with UP Singapore (160 participants); and Apps4SG Competition (8th January 2014) organized by data.gov.sg and OneMap Programme (100 attendees).
Urban Prototyping (UP) Singapore, which organizes “civic“ hackathons and related events received the New Initiative Grant from the National Volunteer & Philanthropy Centre in 2013. Thematic UP Singapore events are often supported by the relevant government agencies - e.g. National Environmental Agency – “Clean and Green” hackathon in Nov 2013 (200 participants).
In August 2013, the Singapore Land Authority (SLA) organised the Singapore Geospatial Challenge (SGC) which introduced gamification components to make GIST more fun and accessible to over 350 Secondary and Junior College students from 40 schools. SLA also launched the GeoInnovation Fund in October 2013, where students and apps developers can apply for up to SG$50,000 (US$ 40,000 ) in funding to develop their geospatial apps. Six government agencies offer the Singapore Geospatial Scholarship(2) for undergraduate and postgraduate studies to allow recipients to develop a geospatial career with exposure in various public agencies.(3)
As these efforts are extensive, well-funded and driven by multiple agencies, score 10 is appropriate.
Sources:
(1)http://data.gov.sg/common/news.aspx Accessed on 10 June 2014.
(2)http://www.sla.gov.sg/htm/car/car0400.htm Accessed on 10 June 2014.
(3)http://www.futuregov.asia/articles/2014/feb/07/singapore-fosters-civic-innovation-hackathons/ Accessed on 10 June 2014."
"Singapore","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"In Singapore, town councils come the closest to the idea of a local government. Town Councils were formed in 1989 to empower local elected representatives and residents to run their own Housing Development Board estates. (1)
A Town Council consists of all the MPs for the constituencies making up the town. In addition, the chairman of the Town Council can appoint (i) between 6 and 30 members as Town Councilors, or (ii) up to 10 Town Councilors per MP, whichever is the greater. To ensure that the Town Council's decisions reflect the views of the residents, at least two-thirds of the appointed members must be residents. Town Councils control, manage, maintain and improve the common areas of residential and commercial properties in HDB housing estates within the town. (2)
I randomly selected five town council websites (out of 16), and checked them for open data initiatives, but for no avail. The same is true for the central town council website. On data.gov.sg there is no dataset shared by town councils.
Ideally, this question should not apply for Singapore, which is a city state. If an answer must be given, the appropriate score is 0 as the town councils don’t have their own open data initiatives.
Sources:
(1) http://www.towncouncils.sg/ Accessed 28 June 2014.
(2) http://www.towncouncils.sg/news/FAQs.html Accessed 28 June 2014"
"Singapore","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",7,"Singapore’s education system is world-class and offers training opportunities on various levels. Training on data technology, data science, statistics, and data visualization are available at most universities and polytechnics both as part of degree programs and professional development courses.
At the National University of Singapore – Computer Engineering BSc program “Data Structures and Algorithms I” is a required subject (3), and among “Large Scale Computing” electives there are several data related subjects. (4)
At the Nanyang Technological University, “Data structures” is a required course of the Computer Engineering BSc program. (5)
At Singapore Management University (SMU), the School of Information Systems offers several courses, including customized professional programs like “Workshop on Geospatial Analytics for Healthcare” and “Programming Interactive Data Visualization for the Web.” (6)
Dell, Intel and Revolution Analytics(2) have set up a Big Data Innovation Center in the country; and NTUC also offers courses related to data management – the range of educational options is very diverse. In terms of the business and legal aspects of open data, the opportunities are less obvious. App developers use open data in Singapore extensively – more than 110 apps were created so far, some for commercial use. Open data is still limited in Singapore, hence the legal challenges are limited – data protection and intellectual property law are covered as part of the curriculum at the tertiary legal training programs.
As education and access information is widespread and high quality but lacks an explicit open data angle, score 7 is appropriate.
Sources:
(1)http://www.ida.gov.sg/Individuals-and-Community/Manpower-Development/Student-Attraction-and-Development Accessed on 10 June 2014.
(2)http://www.eventbrite.sg/o/revolution-analytics-singapore-4459673711 Accessed on 10 June 2014.
(3) http://www.ceg.nus.edu.sg/curriculum/requirements.html Accessed on 28 June 2014.
(4) http://www.ceg.nus.edu.sg/curriculum/electives.html Accessed on 28 June 2014.
(5) http://sce.ntu.edu.sg/CurrentStudents/Undergraduate/Documents/CE_2011.pdf Accessed on 28 June 2014.
(6) http://sis.smu.edu.sg/programmes/professional/sis-customised-year-2010-2013 Accessed on 28 June 2014."
"Singapore","ODB.2013.I.GOV",3,"There is very limited proof that open data had an impact on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness in Singapore. To start with, Singaporean public administration is very efficient – as the country’s leading position in many global rankings attest. At the same time, the government lacks transparency, and does not share politically sensitive or financial information through its government websites or open data initiative. The government uses data visualization and data analytics tools(1), and better internal data management, but there is no clear link between its open data initiative and efficiency.
According to Capgemini Consulting(2), Singapore falls into the “Followers” category in terms of its open data initiative (measured based on data availability and the usability of its data portal). “‘Followers’ typically include nations that have shown their intention and progressive approach towards Open Data by releasing a large number of datasets. They also provide better search functionality on their portals, which makes it easy to obtain data. These countries also experience better interaction with the user community, generally one-way communication, on their Open Data portals.” Within the group Singapore has relatively high portal usability and lower data availability.
Sources:
(1) http://www.futuregov.asia/articles/2014/mar/17/3-ways-how-singapore-government-using-data-analyti/ Accessed on 14 June 2014.
(2) http://www.capgemini-consulting.com/resource-file-access/resource/pdf/opendata_pov_6feb.pdf Accessed on 14 June 2014."
"Singapore","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"There is no proof for any noticeable impact of open data on transparency or accountability in Singapore. Among the applications on data.gov.sg there are no apps related to transparency or accountability. Budget data is only available in sectoral terms and not on a transactional/program basis in most cases, which is also a constraint on the development of such apps.(2)
The Open Data Barometer 2013 (3) ranks Singapore 29th out of 77 countries, though Singapore scores poorly on the Impact sub-index. The report also points out that “civil society readiness is notably lower in Singapore” (as compared to government and private sector readiness) to secure benefits from open data.
The situation is similar to what the blogger Yawning Bread has described in 2011, when Singapore’s open data initiative was launched: “It does not surprise me that what we have is mimicry without any understanding at all of the substance; wanting (once again) to look like a modern, developed, liberal democratic country without letting go of authoritarian, control-freak habits.”(1)
Sources:
(1) http://yawningbread.wordpress.com/2011/10/23/beyond-freedom-of-information-lies-open-data/ Accessed on 14 June 2014.
(2) http://data.gov.sg/AppShowcase/AppList.aspx Accessed on 14 June 2014.
(3) http://www.opendataresearch.org/dl/odb2013/Open-Data-Barometer-2013-Global-Report.pdf Accessed on 14 June 2014."
"Singapore","ODB.2013.I.ENV",5,"There is some evidence for the use of open data for the purposes of increasing environmental sustainability in Singapore.
1. data.gov.sg has three apps Ecofinder@SG, mGreenHandbook, Life Cycle Cost Calculator – encouraging environmentally friendly practices. Also, it has several apps making parking more efficient – these are also considered to contribute to reduced (environmental) costs in car usage.(1)
2. The use of open data and big data are seen as part of the ICT-driven future by the government. According to the IDA Infocomm Technology Roadmap (ITR) 2012 : “Open data will allow agencies to build on the application layer and develop more applications for ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems).” (3) These efforts fit into Singapore’s ‘Smart City’ program which is trying to make urban planning more innovative and data driven with the help of the private sector.(2)(4)
Sources:
(1)http://data.gov.sg/AppShowcase/AppShow.aspx?cat=3 Accessed on 2 July 2014.
(2)http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sustainable-cities-innovative-urban-planning-singapore Accessed on 14 June 2014.
(3)http://www.ida.gov.sg/Infocomm-Landscape/Technology/Technology-Roadmap Accessed on 2 July 2014.
(4)http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/open_data_unlocking_innovation_and_performance_with_liquid_information Accessed on 15 June 2014."
"Singapore","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no evidence for the impact of open data on the inclusion of marginalized groups in policy making or their access to government services.
To start with, even defining marginalized groups would be problematic from the government’s perspective as it is related to the issue of race and religion (as in the case of the Malay community) and to race and class/social status (as in case of migrant workers).
I have searched online for proof of open data use by organizations helping migrant workers, but for no avail.(1)(2)(3)
Sources:
(1) http://twc2.org.sg/category/articles/research/ Accessed on 14 June 2014.
(2) http://www.home.org.sg/research/reports.html Accessed on 14 June 2014.
(3) http://www.aidha.org/ Accessed on 14 June 2014."
"Singapore","ODB.2013.I.ECON",1,"It is hard to find hard evidence that open data in Singapore has an actual impact on economic growth.
Data driven innovation has contributed to “more than SGD 4.2 billion (USD 3.4 billion) in economic value in Singapore in 2013 which is roughly equivalent to the total expenditure of Singaporean households on utilities or health in the same year"" – according to analysis of Analysys Mason.(2) Data driven innovation is portrayed as partly the result of positive policies such as the open data initiative, that still being only a factor.
The 2014 Arachnys Open Data Compass (3) suggests that “corporate and litigation data has been effectively privatised behind member-only paywalls” in Singapore. Singapore is also found to be an outlier of the trend that economic development level and open data availability correlate.
As limited evidence is available, score 1 is appropriate.
Sources:
(1)http://www.edb.gov.sg/content/dam/edb/en/resources/pdfs/publications/SingaporeBusinessNews/may-2013/Singapore-Business-News-May-2013.pdf Accessed on 15 June 2014.
(2)http://www.analysysmason.com/About-Us/News/Newsletter/Data-driven-innovation-Singapore-Apr2014/ Accessed on 15 June 2014.
(3)http://compass.arachnys.com/static/download/Arachnys-Open-Data-Compass-2014.pdf Accessed on 15 June 2014."
"Singapore","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",5,"There are two examples for open data use for building businesses.
1.Several individuals and smaller IT companies/startup used open data sets and created mobile apps using them. More than 20 developers are named on the website – though it’s not clear whether or how much they profited from their entreprise.(3)
2.Existing, large companies also rely on open data as part of their newly developing data industry practices – e.g. Siemens, IBM. Again, profitability is not proven(1), and experts are often ""imported"" as local talent is currently still scarce.(4)
Besides, the Singapore government is also committed to the use of open data in business development: ""Technology will continue to revolutionise the way governments operate. The Singapore government will be leveraging the opportunities provided by Big Data, sensors, cloud and open data to improve productivity and citizen services, while ensuring information security, said Zaqy Mohamad, Member of Parliament & Chairman for the Government Parliamentary Committee, Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI)"" in April 2014 at a public forum. (5)
As such, score 5 seems appropriate.
Sources:
(1)http://www.edb.gov.sg/content/dam/edb/en/resources/pdfs/publications/SingaporeBusinessNews/may-2013/Singapore-Business-News-May-2013.pdf Accessed on 15 June 2014.
(2)http://www.analysysmason.com/About-Us/News/Newsletter/Data-driven-innovation-Singapore-Apr2014/ Accessed on 15 June 2014.
(3)data.gov.sg Accessed on 15 June 2014.
(4)http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/open-approach-to-data-can/1127526.html Accessed on 2 July 2014.
(5)http://www.futuregov.asia/articles/2014/apr/22/singapore-government-focuses-big-data-open-data-cl/ Accessed on 2 July 2014."
"Singapore","ODB.2013.C.DPL",6,"Personal data in Singapore is protected under the Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA)(2). The PDPA was passed in Parliament on 15 October 2012 and brought into effect on 2 January 2013. The Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) has set up a Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) and a Data Protection Advisory Committee on 2 January 2013 to respectively administer, and advise on the PDPA. Provisions relating to the DNC Registry came into effect on 2 January 2014 and the main data protection rules will come into force on 2 July 2014.(1)
In terms of the PDPA’s features:
1. Broad applicability
The data protection provisions don’t apply to public agencies and individuals acting in a personal basis, hence the law is not broadly applicable.
2. The right of choice/consent
The concepts of consent and purpose are taken into account in Singapore’s PDPA.
3. The right to access and correct
With certain exceptions, it is possible to request access to personal information – organizations can charge for this on a cost recovery basis. Similarly correction can be requested, but no fee can imposed by organizations.
4. The responsibilities of information holders
PDPA regulates these responsibilities.
5. The right of redress
Redress and oversight is provided by the PDPC, which is a statutory board.
As the PDPA does not apply to public institutions (because they already have their own set of data protection rules with which all public officers must comply), have narrower applicability than best practice requires, and is currently being enrolled, score 5 seems appropriate.
Sources:
(1) http://www.pdpc.gov.sg/personal-data-protection-act/overview Accessed 4 June 2014.
(2) Personal Data Protection Act 2012. http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;ident=76a68f16-452a-49cd-bb1f-2dc5ba810847;page=0;query=DocId%3Aea8b8b45-51b8-48cf-83bf-81d01478e50b%20Depth%3A0%20Status%3Ainforce;rec=0 Accessed 4 June 2014.
(3) http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2251284## Accessed 4 June 2014."
"Singapore","ODB.2013.C.RTI",0,"Singapore does not have a Freedom of Information law, and no change is to be expected as indicated by Deputy PM Tharman Shamugaratnam on 5 September 2012 (1) and PM Lee Hsien Loong on 22 January 2013 (2). This would automatically warrant a score of 0.
Nevertheless, Singapore government agencies have informative and regularly updated websites, which provide detailed and free information on various issues. The government also launched REACH (reaching everyone for active citizenry@ home) in October 2006 when the Feedback Unit was restructured to move beyond gathering public feedback, to become the lead agency for engaging and connecting with citizens. REACH was also appointed as the Singapore Government’s e-engagement platform in January 2009. (3)
Responsiveness is also part of the Singapore civil service’s KPI (key performance indicator) structure. For example, part of the Police’s “Service Pledge” is: “To provide full replies to clear-cut enquiries from the Public within 3 working days” and “To respond to letters from the public within 5 working days”. (4)
there is no evidence for transparency in this process, there is no agency standing up for refused cases of request for information, and there is no FoI law.
Sources:
(1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FlnfnHeN_VU (see 8:00 to 12:20) Accessed 4 June 2014.
(2) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2TKDKiQSg94&feature=youtu.be Accessed 4 June 2014.
(3) https://www.reach.gov.sg/AboutREACH/Overview.aspx Accessed 4 June 2014.
(4) http://www.spf.gov.sg/about/service_pledge.html Accessed 4 June 2014."
"South Africa","ODB.2013.C.INIT",1,"There is not much of an open data initiative at a national or centralised level. (1) There are some data from Statistics South Africa, particularly around census data and economic indicators (2). The City of Cape Town is currently putting an open data strategy in place (3). In general, however, the government is reluctant to open data fully (4).
## Sources
(1) Email interview with Jason Norwood-Young, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 14th June 2014.
(2) http://beta2.statssa.gov.za/ Accessed on 15th June 2014
(3) https://www.capetown.gov.za/en/opendata/Pages/default.aspx accessed 14 August 2014.
(4)http://blog.okfn.org/2013/04/11/opening-public-data-in-south-africa/ accessed 14 August 2014."
"South Africa","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",3,"The City of Cape Town is quite far along in terms of creating its strategy, and also the Western Cape province (which includes Cape Town) has traditionally been quite good with open data (1)(2). In the other cities or provinces there are no initiatives in this regard (1).
## Sources
(1) Email interview with Jason Norwood-Young, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 14th June 2014
(2) https://www.capetown.gov.za/en/opendata/Pages/default.aspx Accessed on 11th July 2014"
"South Africa","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",3,"Code4SA (1) has partnered with OKFN’s School of Data (2) in order to offer training in open data and data literacy in Johannesburg and Cape Town. There are hacks/hackers groups that hold regular meetups to self-skill (3).
## Sources
(1) http://www.code4sa.org/ Accessed on 15th June 2014
(2) http://schoolofdata.org/ Accessed on 15th June 2014
(3) Email interview with Jason Norwood-Young, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 14th June 2014"
"South Africa","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",3,"Engagement is on the increase, but the problem is to find the right people in the government to speak to and to educate the government on open data (1). Code4SA is at the forefront of this type of work (2).
## Sources
(1) Email interview with Jason Norwood-Young, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 14th June 2014
(2) http://www.code4sa.org/ Accessed on 15th June 2014"
"South Africa","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"The City of Cape Town is involved with #GovHackZA, an annual hackathon designed to promote active citizenry (1), (2), (3). Similar information was provided last year by Adi Eyal (Open Data Activist and Data Specialist).
## Sources
(1) Email interview with Jason Norwood-Young, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 14th June 2014
(2) http://www.mlab.co.za/govhacksa/ Accessed on 11th July 2014
(3) https://twitter.com/search?q=%23GovHackSA&src=typd Accessed on 11th July 2014"
"South Africa","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"There is no evidence of any impact on environmental sustainability (1) (2).
## Sources
(1) Email interview with Jason Norwood-Young, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 14th June 2014.
(2) Email interview with Adi Eyal, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 11th August 2013. (On 17th June 2014 Mr Eyal confirmed that the points from this interview are still valid."
"South Africa","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"Transparency has “increased somewhat”, but accountability has “not increased in equal measure” (1)(2). For example, government publishes a limited portion of the entire collected data from various public universities in South Africa, while an NGO regularly gathers, through informal means, a much larger quantity of the collected data from the same government agency and publishes it as open data (3) (4).
## Sources
(1) Email interview with Jason Norwood-Young, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 14th June 2014.
(2) Email interview with Adi Eyal, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 11th August 2013. (On 17th June 2014 Mr Eyal confirmed that the points from this interview are still valid.)
(3)http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2591948&CFID=452004537&CFTOKEN=31111987 accessed 14 August 2014.
(4) http://www.opendataresearch.org/content/2014/625/policy-ecosystem-and-impact-discussions-open-government-data-icegov-2013 accessed 14 AUgust 2014."
"South Africa","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"There is no evidence of entrepreneurs using open data to build their businesses.
## Sources
(1) Email interview with Jason Norwood-Young, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 14th June 2014.
(2) Email interview with Adi Eyal, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 11th August 2013. (On 17th June 2014 Mr Eyal confirmed that the points from this interview are still valid.)"
"South Africa","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"There is “hope” that a more accountable government increases investor confidence, but “no data to prove that” (1). The national treasury’s open data reporting is “quite well respected” (1)(2).
## Sources
(1) Email interview with Jason Norwood-Young, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 14th June 2014.
(2) http://www.treasury.gov.za Accessed 11th July 2014"
"South Africa","ODB.2013.I.GOV",2,"There was a case when pressure had been brought on some government departments through open data, such as the Department of Public Works after a successful request according to the Promotion of Access to Information Act for documents regarding upgrades to the President’s residential property (1).
Another example is more specifically related to open knowledge and had a big impact: The use of open textbooks in South Africa has saved approximately $30m annually. Another example of sharing medicine prices between SADC countries has shown initial costs savings of $2.5m annual with potentially much more in the future. But these examples are isolated and “open data is generally not well understood within the country” (2).
## Sources
(1) Email interview with Jason Norwood-Young, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 14th June 2014.
(2) Email interview with Adi Eyal, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 11th August 2013. (On 17th June 2014 Mr Eyal confirmed that the points from this interview are still valid.)"
"South Africa","ODB.2013.I.INC",1,"There is more pressure on the government to provide services and facilities, and it is becoming “increasingly more difficult to not provide services and then claim that they have done so” (1). There is a lot of monitoring of toilet facilities in the Western Cape (1). A lack of textbooks in the Limpopo province is now monitored much more closely by civic society (1)(2). It is not clear whether this is through “open data” or not. Civic society sources a great deal of its own data (1). In terms of toilet facilities and access to services like water and garbage collection, the Census has proved to be a very powerful tool (1)(3).
## Sources
(1) Email interview with Jason Norwood-Young, on behalf of the leading open data activist group “Code for South Africa”, 14th June 2014.
(2) The 2012 Limpopo Textbook Crisis http://www.section27.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/The-2012-Limpopo-Textbook-Crisis1.pdf Accessed on 15th June 2014
(3) http://beta2.statssa.gov.za/ Accessed on 15th June 2014"
"South Africa","ODB.2013.C.DPL",6,"In November 2013 the South Africa President signed the Protection of Personal Information Bill (POPI) (1) and it should go into effect one year after. A blog posts describes that ""it will provide protection for both individuals and juristic persons, including corporations."" , but also stresses that the transition before it goes into effect will be increased to three years (2).
## Sources
(1) Protection of Personal Information Bill. http://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/bills/B9-2009_ProtectionofPersonalInformation.pdf Accessed 14th June 2014
(2) http://www.globalregulatoryenforcementlawblog.com/2013/12/articles/data-security/new-data-protection-law-for-south-africa/ Accessed 14th June 2014"
"South Africa","ODB.2013.C.RTI",6,"South Africa is ranked 15th out of 89 countries in the RTI Rating with a score of 111 out of 150 (1). The relevant law is the Promotion of Access to Information Act from 2000 (2). The South African Human Rights Commission provides an online guide to the Promotion of Access to Information Act (3). Access to government information is also guaranteed in the South African Constitution.
## Sources
(1) http://www.rti-rating.org/country_rating.php Accessed 14th June 2014
(2) Promotion of Access to Information Act, 2000. http://www.dfa.gov.za/department/accessinfo_act.pdf Accessed 14th June 2014
(3) http://www.sahrc.org.za/home/index.php?ipkContentID=25&ipkMenuID=45 Accessed 14th June 2014"
"Spain","ODB.2013.C.INIT",6,"The Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism - through the Public Enterprise Red.es - in collaboration with the Ministry of Finance and Public Administration, launched the project Aporta in 2009. The main objective of the project was to create the necessary conditions to foster a culture for the re-use of public information, laying the groundwork to enable administrative units to make their data and documents available to third parties and promoting the development of the newly founded infomediary market sector.
All the actions being carried out under the project are permanently aligned with the guidelines and best practices provided by reference institutions such as the World Wide
Web Consortium (W3C). Among these actions we could highlight the following ones:
Set up of the National Public Information Catalog (datos.gob.es) launched in October 2011 and currently hosting up to 3,500 datasets from more than 100 different bodies - including central, regional and local governments – as well as close to 70 applications based on data provided by the catalog. The website was awarded as the most friendly PSI portal in the European Union by LAPSI and with the European prize for innovation in public administration.
A series of training activities associated with data re-use for more than 200 participants, as well as the corresponding companion guidance materials such as the practical guide for the Royal Decree Law 37/2007 - that facilitates compliance with this Act - or the Implementation Guide for the Technical Interoperability Standard.
Support and expert advice to public bodies in order to ensure compliance with current re-use legislation. Over 1,500 inquires were handled through this service, as well as around 120 face-to-face visits in which operational and technical doubts has been resolved. More that 25 open data action plans for different Government Agencies (1) where also developed.
Different actions to promote the culture of openness and information reuse through several online channels – including reference social networks – as well as by means of the annual Open Data meetup (2) with the full stakeholders community to share experiences and best practices on data re-use.
It is also worth to mention the study “Demand and use of Open Government in Spain” (3) were open government data demand side from civil society is explored in deep.
Furthermore, The Digital Agenda for Spain (4), approved on February 15th 2013, includes a series of key actions focused on increasing the publication of high-impact datasets held by the Public Administration in the next years, as well as to increase the number of individual and business that make use of such data for commercial or non-commercial purposes, that is, to strengthen the infomediary sector in the country.
The reuse of public sector information is also an important part of the ""Plan Avanza 2 - 2015” (5) strategy, that provides the general framework for the implementation of information and communication technologies as a social instrument.
As a result, an increasing number of government agencies are starting to promote their own Open Data initiatives, such in the case of AEMET, the National Tax Agency, the National statistics institute, the Public Service of Employment, the Official Gazette or several Ministries to name a few.
There is also a recent deep study from the Orange Foundation on the current situation of regional and local governments with regards to Open Data (6)
##Sources
(1): http://datos.gob.es/datos/?q=content/planes-risp-del-sector-p%C3%BAblico-estatal
(2): http://www.spainesdata.es/
(3): http://www.ontsi.red.es/ontsi/es/estudios-informes/estudio-de-la-demanda-y-uso-de-gobierno-abierto-en-espa%C3%B1-edici%C3%B3n-2013
(4): http://www.agendadigital.gob.es/digital-agenda/Paginas/digital-agenda-spain.aspx
(5): https://www.planavanza.es/informaciongeneral/estrategia2011/Paginas/Estrategia2011_2015.aspx
(6): http://www.proyectosfundacionorange.es/docs/eE2014/Datos_Abiertos_2014.pdf"
"Spain","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",7,"There is a growing community (1) willing to engage with the government, examples are:
Catalunya Dades: Composed by a wide range of stakeholders in Catalonia that seeks the active participation of society member in the process of value creation from open knowledge and open data.
Civio: A civil society organization promoting transparency and open access to public data for every individual and organization.
OKFN -ES: One of the local chapters of the Open Knowledge Foundation Network, a worldwide leader in Open Data and Open Knowledge communities. It has also very active subgroups in the fields of Data Journalism and Open Universities.
Open Data Spain: A W3C Community Group that serves as a public forum where administrations, citizens and industry come together and create synergies to discuss issues related to public sector information.
OpenKratio: A motivated citizen action group with the main objective of inculcate in society the principles of Open Government and Open Data through dissemination, participation, collaboration and outreach initiatives, as well as specific projects development.
Also the Confederation of Rectors of Spanish Universities (2) is heavily promoting Open Data internally and engaging with government for that.
Another interesting example is the first OKF-es awards (3), combining categories for public and private institutions.
Nevertheless, participation and engagement of the society with government is still not as much as desirable, especially at the national level. There is no way of indicating which datasets should be released (just some isolated efforts) and this lack of feedback is preventing a better re-use of resources (human and material ones). That is why this point should be improved in the next years. It is also necessary to say that there is good number of contests, etc. to get people involved in the movement but people should be involved in early stages not just in the last part of consumption. As an example the UK government provides a way to communicate the wishes of the citizens regarding datasets, something that is still missing in Spain or, at least, it is not fully implemented.
Sources:
(1): http://homerproject.eu/images/Docs_/Publications/OD_PLANS/AP_Sarga_format_def.pdf (section 2.1.2 THE STAKEHOLDERS COMMUNITY)
(2): http://www.crue.org/TIC/Documents/Haciaunauniversidadabierta.pdf
(3): http://premio.okfn.es/"
"Spain","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"In this case there is a good number of competitions and challenges to create apps re-using open data, although they are promoted just by local and regional governments so far. For instance:
-Open Data Lab Gijón (1)
-Open Data contest in Castilla y León (2)
-Famelab Spain (3)
-Maddata Madrid (4)
-Data journalism and open data (5)
-Jacathon Aragón (6)
The aforementioned ones are just a small sample of all initiatives that public administrations and other organizations are carrying out. That is why I consider that the disseminating activities are making a very good job, although the final impact can be improved.
##Sources:
(1): http://www.fundacionctic.org/odlabgijon/el-festival. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(2): http://blogs.jcyl.es/wp/gobiernoabierto/2013/04/25/concurso-de-datos-abiertos/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(3): http://www.famelab.es/en/famelab-espana-2013-competition-rules. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(4): http://www.maddata.es/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(5): http://periodismodatos.okfn.es/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(6): http://opendata.aragon.es/portal/jacathon"
"Spain","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",7,"In the case of Spain, the Open Data movements grew up from the local and regional institutions to the national ones (a bottom-up approach) while in other countries such as UK a top-down approach was followed to unify criteria, guidelines, etc. This situation has implied a very good number of initiatives but without the reuse of previous efforts and experience creating a tangled environment of datasets, catalogues, technology and so on. In this context the open data map (1) and some of the reports of the Aporta project (2) (3) shows a very healthy activity in local and regional governments (although there is much more at stake than the public ones). The main drawback lies in the diversity of every approach but the initial effort has been already made.
As a result, most of the regional governments and an increasing number of local ones, are currently running their own Open Data initiatives (5-26) with more to be coming on a continuously basis.
##Sources
(1): http://datos.fundacionctic.org/sandbox/catalog/faceted/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(2): http://www.red.es/redes/sala-de-prensa/centro-de-documentacion?id_doc=18334&quicktabs_3=0. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(3): http://datos.gob.es/content/iniciativas-espanolas. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(5): http://opendata.euskadi.net/w79-home/es. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(6): http://dadesobertes.gencat.cat/es/index.html. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(7): http://abertos.xunta.es/portada. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(8): http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/datosabiertos/portal.html. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(9): http://risp.asturias.es/catalogo/index.html. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(10): http://transparencia.castillalamancha.es/opendata. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(11): http://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/istac/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(12): http://www.navarra.es/home_es/Open-data. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(13): http://transparencia.castillalamancha.es/opendata. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(14): http://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/istac/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(15): http://www.caib.es/caibdatafront/index?lang=es. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(16): http://www.datosabiertos.jcyl.es/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(17): http://opendata.aragon.es/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(18): http://www.larioja.org/npRioja/default/defaultpage.jsp?idtab=758984. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(19):http://badalona.cat/portalWeb/badalona.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=opendata#wlp_opendata . Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(20):http://datos.gijon.es/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(21):http://cartolleida.paeria.es/lleidaoberta/inici.aspx#.U715xPmSxME. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(22):http://www.zaragoza.es/ciudad/risp/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(23):http://opendata.terrassa.cat/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(24): http://www.aemet.es/en/eltiempo/observacion/ultimosdatos
(25): http://www.ine.es/ss/Satellite?L=en_GB&c=Page&cid=1259942408928&p=1259942408928&pagename=ProductosYServicios%2FPYSLayout. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(26): http://datos.bne.es/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014."
"Spain","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",7,"Gaining momentum in the ICT sector, the Open Data movement has got the attraction of different parties. That is why some courses, hands-on sessions, online courses, tutorials, etc. are continuously being delivered by both public organizations and private institutions (1-107), although quite basic in most of the cases.
Nevertheless, there is also some courses on Big Data and Linked Data that somehow have common points with Open Data and most of times these courses are focused on ""X data"". Besides, most courses should be delivered from both technical and strategical (legislation) points of view.
Finally, a big number of that courses are focusing on some specific topic such as data journalism (5). In the same way a distinction between creation, consumption, tools, etc. should be made to take the most of courses and data. There is also a very good example of training materials repository for that by Civio (8)
##Sources
(1): http://www.fti.es/curso/curso-pr%C3%A1ctico-open-data. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(2): http://opendata.blog.euskadi.net/blog-es/noticias/curson-online-gratuito-sobre-open-data-en-la-uned/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(3): http://www.irekia.euskadi.net/es/news/10815-taller-open-data-periodismo-datos-los-cursos-verano-upv. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(4): http://administracionelectronica.gob.es/pae_Home/pae_Actualidad/pae_Eventos/Evento-2014-06-30-Share-PSI-2-0.html#.U7zwjvmSwpY. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(5): http://periodismodatos.okfn.es/taller/. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(6): http://innovacion.gijon.es/eventos/show/28493-taller-oferta-de-datos-abiertos-del-ayuntamiento-de-gijon. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(7): http://openkratio.org/copiame-kit-formativo-opendata-para-responsables-publicos/
(8): http://escuela.civio.es/
(9): http://www.tecnalia.com/es/ict-european-software-institute/eventos/creando-valor-desde-el-mundo-de-los-datos-open-a-linked-a-big-data.htm
(10): http://carlosiglesias.es/blog/2013/11/emprender-con-datos-retos-y-oportunidades-open-data-big-data-linked-data/"
"Spain","ODB.2013.I.GOV",2,"This is a very complicated question. From a transparency point of view it is clear that the release of open data has been demonstrated as an action to boost democracy. However I am not very sure about how much efficiency open data has reached. It is well known that some sources that kept similar information but not unified such as Postal Codes, the Land information (""Catastro"") (1) and the different GIS have got the opportunity of unifying this very valuable data. On the other hand some areas such as budgeting or public contracts (2) have also increased their efficiency since a common framework is available (see question of Procurement Platforms). Finally other sources such as the geographical information, climate (4), etc. and in general all statistics by the National Institute of Statistics (INE) (3) have also seen an increase in their efficiency (shared and reuse). Nevertheless the impact of open data in terms of efficiency is still far from the desired impact.
##Sources
(1): http://www.catastro.meh.es/esp/acceso_infocat.asp. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(2): https://contrataciondelestado.es/wps/portal/plataforma. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(3): http://www.ine.es/ss/Satellite?L=en_GB&c=Page&cid=1259942408928&p=1259942408928&pagename=ProductosYServicios%2FPYSLayout. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(4): http://www.aemet.es/en/eltiempo/observacion/ultimosdatos. Accessed 10th of June, 2014."
"Spain","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",2,"There is a considerable number of projects currently exploring data to improve transparency t worths also mention http://transparenciadecuentaspublicas.es/ another project about using Open Data to improve transparency and accountability (1-7), although real impact still remains unclear.
##Sources
(1): http://www.tuderechoasaber.es/
(2): http://elboenuestrodecadadia.com/
(3): http://quienmanda.es/
(4): http://www.elindultometro.es/index.html
(5): http://dondevanmisimpuestos.es/
(6): http://digodiego.es/
(7): http://transparenciadecuentaspublicas.es/index"
"Spain","ODB.2013.I.ENV",2,"In this case the impact is still far from the desired momentum. Just some applications have taken advantage of open data to build some applications for weather (1), pollution (2) or public transport (3) (4) to name a few
Few data are made available, and most of the data are not in open formats. Some civil society initiatives exist, like the ones by Civio, which uses data from the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment to raise awareness about forest fires (5), but they are still not part of a big widespread movement.
Another interesting related project that is attracting increasing interest is Carbonpedia (6) an open database on Carbon Footprint for entities, products and events, focusing on the Spanish area.
##Sources
(1): http://www.aemet.es/en/eltiempo/observacion/ultimosdatos. Accessed 10th of June 2014.
(2): http://datos.alcobendas.org/dataset/?id=contaminacion-atmosferica. Accessed 10th of June 2014.
(3): http://datos.gijon.es/risp_datasets/show/busgijontr. Accessed 10th of June 2014.
(4): http://opendata.emtmadrid.es/. Accessed 10th of June 2014.
(5): http://www.espanaenllamas.es/
(6): http://www.ecodes.org/carbonpedia/"
"Spain","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"In this case, the impact is very low. There are a lot of public services through the web but not open data is used."
"Spain","ODB.2013.I.ECON",3,"According to this report of Capgemini Spain is in the first group of followers of the major country leaders in Open Data and this effort is having impact in the economy as also states the official report (1) in page 41. A report on the impact of Big and Open Data in the European Economy has also a projection of additional increase of Spanish GDP by around 2% due to the Open Data sector for the 2013-2020 period (4)
According to the Characterization Study of the infomediary Sector (2012 Edition) (2) in Spain the estimated turnover directly associated with the infomediary activity is around 330 M€ - 550 M€.The Estimated turnover generated by companies with infomediary activities is around 825 M€ - 1,200 M€ and generates approximately 4,000 jobs directly related to the infomediary activity. A new update of the report to track progress in under development.
##Sources
(1): http://www.es.capgemini-consulting.com/resource-file-access/resource/pdf/opendata_pov_6feb.pdf. Accessed 1st of August 2014
(2): http://datos.gob.es/sites/default/files/121001%20RED%20007%20Final%20Report_2012%20Edition_%20vF_en.pdf Accessed 1st of August 2014
(3): http://www.fundetec.es/reportajes/open-data-la-transparencia-hecha-negocio/
(4): http://www.microsoft.com/global/eu/RenderingAssets/pdf/2014%20Jan%2028%20EMEA%20Big%20and%20Open%20Data%20Report%20-%20Final%20Report.pdf"
"Spain","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",5,"At the moment the economic impact of Open Data is very low or at least have not reached the desired impact. Nevertheless, those datasets that can generate added-value services such as the ones using information from public contracts (1) corporate information (2) (5) or legislation (3) (4) are actually generating business for third parties. Some other examples are GNOSS (linking Open Data); Ingenio, Tabul.ae, and Vizzuality (focused on data visualizations); Localidata (working on geolocation and data solutions); Open Evidence (on measurement and participation); Open Coast (marine data experts); TerceroB.com (housing data) or the BBVA Innovation Centre (economics) (1-15)
There is also an increasing number of apps following different business models that exploit public open data, both at national and local levels. As an example we have the national catalog of applications (6).
##Sources
(1):http://euroalert.net/. Accessed 10th of June 2014.
(2): http://www.empresia.es/. Accessed 10th of June 2014.
(3):http://noticias.juridicas.com/. Accessed 10th of June 2014.
(4): http://www.tirantonline.com/tol/. Accessed 10th of June 2014.
(5): http://www.axesor.es/. Accessed 10th of June 2014
(6): http://datos.gob.es/aplicaciones
(7): https://www.gnoss.com
(8): http://i.ngen.io/
(9): http://tabul.ae/
(10): http://www.vizzuality.com/
(11): http://www.localidata.com/
(12): http://www.open-evidence.com/
(13): http://www.open-coast.com/
(14): http://www.tercerob.com/
(15): https://www.centrodeinnovacionbbva.com/"
"Spain","ODB.2013.C.DPL",9,"There is a legal framework in Europe that has been transposed to Spain through the well-known act LOPD (1). Article 18.4 of the Spanish Constitution (4) also specifies that “the law will limit the use of computer technology to guarantee the honor, and personal and family privacy of citizens and their exercise of their rights”. The Spanish Data Protection Agency, which depends on the Spanish Ministry of Justice, was created in 1993 to protect privacy and ensure compliance of the Organic Law for personal data protection. This law is broadly applicable, provides the right of choice and consent to individuals as well as the right to access and correct information and the right of redress. It also outlines the responsibilities of information holders. Spain´s AEPD (5) regularly releases reports and recommendations both for users and firms to prevent uncontrolled circulation of personal data.
Furthermore last times have seen how Google (2) must remove all personal data from their servers (3) if an Europen Citizen required it. So in that sense European citizens and Spanish ones are generally protected.
##Sources
(1): Organic Law 15/1999, on Personal Data Protection, December 13, 1999: http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/lo15-1999.html Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(2): http://cincodias.com/cincodias/2014/05/30/empresas/1401436743_162011.html. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(3): https://support.google.com/legal/contact/lr_eudpa?product=websearch. Accessed 10th of June, 2014.
(4): Spanish Constitution, Article 18.4, Chapter 2 on Rights and Freedoms, Section 1 on fundamental rights and public freedoms, 1978: http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/constitucion.t1.html
(5): Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD): http://www.agpd.es/portalwebAGPD/index-ides-idphp.php"
"Spain","ODB.2013.C.RTI",5,"There is a legal framework that is still being enforced (4). The law, adopted in the Parliament on Thursday 28 November 2013 by 186 votes in favour and 134 against is one of the weakest in the world, entering towards the bottom of the global Right to Information Rating in position 72 out of 96 countries with access to information laws (1). The European Union’s first anti-corruption report on Spain (2), also called for measures to strengthen Spain’s transparency law.
An study also showed how Spanish institutions ignored 57% of access to information during last year (3)
##Sources
(1): http://www.rti-rating.org/country_rating.php
(2): http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/organized-crime-and-human-trafficking/corruption/anti-corruption-report/docs/2014_acr_spain_chapter_en.pdf
(3): http://www.access-info.org/en/spain/557-tuderechoasaber-report-2013
(4): http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2013/12/10/pdfs/BOE-A-2013-12887.pdf"
"Sweden","ODB.2013.C.INIT",8,"The Swedish government actively works with open data, by its Digital agenda. (http://www.regeringen.se/sb/d/14375/a/177038) The minister in charge, Mrs. Anna-Karin Hatt, underlines the importance of open data. (http://www.edelegationen.se/Stod-och-verktyg/Inspiration/Bli-inspirerad-av-andra/Anna-Karin-Hatt-presenterar-regeringens-e-forvaltningsstrategi/)
The government e-delegation is charged with promoting and coordinating authorities in their work to improve the open data situation. (http://www.edelegationen.se/Stod-och-verktyg/Oppna-data-psi/)
In 2012, the government instructed VINNOVA, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation System, to develop a technical platform for open data. (http://www.vinnova.se/PageFiles/591806061/%C3%96ppen%20data%20-%20regeringsuppdrag120726.pdf)
This platform is accessible at: http://oppnadata.se
Open data is to be applied generally by government agencies according to a 2010 government proposal, as part of the public administration's efforts to enhance democracy, participation, and growth. (http://www.government.se/download/63610a6e.pdf?major=1&minor=142272&cn=attachmentPublDuplicator_0_attachment)
Support for open data may be considered wide, among politicians and the public."
"Sweden","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",9,"As part of the government open data policy, VINNOVA (the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation System), the E-delegation, the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions, and the Ministry of Enterprise, has set up an Open Data Forum.
Meetings within this forum are regularly held and are open for actors with an interest in open data, such as organisations and companies that work with or plan to work with open data. The forums also targeted business/organisation developers, and IT-developers and managers. Target audiences were business and civil society actors. (http://www.vinnova.se/PageFiles/591806061/N2012-3599-ITP%20VINNOVAs%20delredovisning%20%C3%B6ppendata%20se.pdf).
VINNOVA has recently published an analysis of public efforts within open data (http://www.vinnova.se/upload/EPiStorePDF/vr_14_04.pdf), and a number of other government agencies are reviewing their activities within the field and report to the government. (http://www.vinnova.se/sv/Aktuellt--publicerat/Publikationer/Produkter/Oppna-data-2014/)
As it seems, the Swedish government is very active in promoting open data."
"Sweden","ODB.2013.C.CITY",7,"VINNOVA - the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems - is in practice the government agency in charge of promoting open data. (There are other major players, but of less relevance in this context).
As the general government agency for innovation, open data is part of VINNOVA's mission to promote growth and innovation in Sweden. Such promotion is made in a number of ways, where financial ones are of main concern here. Thus, the agency finances research, and resources are granted on application. Whereas open data should be financed as part of VINNOVA's annual ""grants"" of 3,7 billion Swedish crowns, it is unclear to what share of these funds open data receives. However, there is a clear and equally accessible opportunity for funding. (http://www.vinnova.se/en/About-VINNOVA/)
As for public events and other government measures to promote open data, including private sector use, please see justification under question C4 above."
"Sweden","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",8,"The Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (henceforth SKL) is the national organisation for city (municipality) and regional governments. SKL is actively promoting and coordinating open data. (http://www.skl.se/vi_arbetar_med/e-samhallet/oppnadata)
There is a municipal network for open data, which coordinates local open data programs, with support from VINNOVA. (http://www.skl.se/vi_arbetar_med/e-samhallet/oppnadata/samordning-av-oppna-data)
As the principle of public access to official documents is so fundamental to Swedish society, city and regional governments are most unlikely not to promote the development of open data. Thus, the use of open data is a natural continuation and consequence of applying abovementioned principle on national, regional, and local levels. To the contrary, there is a fear that European Union laws and regulations may impair Swedish public access to open data, which would be contrary to Swedish tradition. (http://www.svt.se/nyheter/i-dag-inskranks-offentlighetsprincipen)"
"Sweden","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",7,"There is quite a number of courses both by universities and private actors to train in the use of open data. However, there is no readily accessible overview of the scope and availability of such training. A simple thing as a Google search in Swedish on open data courses results in some 285,000 hits. Still, whereas it would be reasonable to assume a very high score for Sweden on such training, it is seems rather hard to determine just how high."
"Sweden","ODB.2013.I.GOV",6,"This is a question where everyone claims that open data has great impact, but there is little or no evidence that so is actually the case. Everyone believes, including me, that this is the case, and experience it in everyday life, but evaluations are lacking, because the impact is ""felt"".
Whereas the Swedish government, in line with the country's administrative tradition, has made great efforts to make material, that would be readily accessible in contact with authorities, available online, there is little analysis of what impact this had had on government efficiency and effectiveness. This tradition of government openness and transparency, laid down by the constitution already in the 18th century, will inevitably complicate any analysis of change in how open data has had a noticeable impact on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness. It has simply been a natural step to make information available online that has for long been readily available offline.
However, subjectively, measures to enhance the use of open data are obvious in everyday life, for most parts of society. It is reasonable to assume that this has had great effect to increase transparency and lower transaction costs. As stated, there is though a lack of thorough analysis to what extent this has had an impact on government efficiency and effectiveness.
To this end, Statskontoret, the government's survey support, has been charged to do a follow up of effects for making official material available as open data by 2015. (http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/23/90/06/cd061d05.pdf)
In an assessment of the government e-delegation, an e-governance coordinative body, Statskontoret argues that there are great opportunities to increase quality and efficiency in public administration by use of e.g. open data, and points to the central strategic role of e-governance. Focus is still on coordination, continuous political support and further financing. http://www.statskontoret.se/upload/Publikationer/2014/201412.pdf"
"Sweden","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",4,"Any change between the situation before open data and with open data is very difficult, as the same information has been available all along, with the mere difference that it is now available online as open data. So, I would personally argue that change is twofold: 1) Increased availablity; and 2) Increased technical opportunities for computation and analysis.
A 2010 paper argues that Sweden ranks no. 4 in e-government as an instrument for more accountable and transparent local governments. (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1542308) This analysis is rather similar to content and structural website analysis, as this www-foundation analysis may aim to illustrate. That content in itself might lead to desired effects is however but a necessary but certainly not a sufficient precondition for concluding that open data in this context has any effect. Such a conclusion would logically be spurious, as there is little or no causal evidence for such a link.
To turn to a specific Swedish example, all data on Sweden's development cooperation has been made available online as open data in a project called OpenAid. (http://www.openaid.se/) This is one of the larger investments in open data in Sweden. Officially, everyone is positive to the project, and media coverage is benevolent. (http://www.bistandsdebatten.se/category/alla-diskussioner/omtalade-personerkonflikterhandelser/webbplatsen-openaid-se/) However, off the record, associates of SIDA, the aid authority, say that the way data has been computerised, it actually makes it more difficult for them to audit various projects, thus impairing accountability. No-one would dare to say so officially though. So, in this case, open data may actually have been negative to at least accountability."
"Sweden","ODB.2013.I.ENV",4,"Environmental issues is actually one arena where a state authority has thoroughly thought through how to use and measure effect of open data.
In 2013, Naturvårdsverket, (http://www.naturvardsverket.se/) the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, won an award for their services within environmental open data. Designing their open data platform, the agency from the outset analysed what would be the desired effects of the new website, identifying user target groups and their needs, and also designing follow-up mechanisms to evaluate to what extent the website fulfilled its desired goals. http://www.edelegationen.se/Stod-och-verktyg/Inspiration/Bli-inspirerad-av-andra/Oppen-miljodata-for-okad-innovation-och-delaktighet/
There are a lot of actors, both puclic and private, that offer environmental open data, but what impact they have had is difficult to discern."
"Sweden","ODB.2013.I.INC",4,"Marginalised groups in Sweden are those who do not have access to modern ICT, such as the Internet. Government policies to generally increase Internet accessibility and penetration have actually increased the relative marginalisation of certain groups in society, e.g. as state subsidies have been linked to employment. This has shut out the unemployed and old age pensioners.
In 2010, .SE - the Internet Infrastructure Foundation - published a report stating that 1.7 million Swedes, 19% of the population, were effectively shut out of the Internet, and an additional 1.5 million (17%) have limited use of the web. In all, that would mean that internet use is low in some 36% of the population. https://www.iis.se/press/pressmeddelanden/17-miljoner-svenskar-star-utanfor-internet-ytterligare-15-miljoner-anvander-natet-mycket-begransat-2/"
"Sweden","ODB.2013.I.ECON",3,"There is little well-founded statistics readily available on what positive impact open data may have had on the economy. The Swedish e-delegation and Vinnova have alternately had the accountancy firm PWC do evaluations the benefits of open data, claiming that open data ""could have"" a positive economic growth effect of 10 billion Swedish crowns annually. This assumption is, however, a mere derivative of a European Union estimate on general positive economic effects of open data. As far as this question may be assessed, it seems that it is difficult for a researcher to evaluate if these figures are correct, as available documentation is problematic in terms of intersubjectivity, for a lack of proper definitions and references.
As argued in a 2012 report, government agencies do not assess the potential third party economic gain of open data, and may therefore not make the right data available. http://www.janhylen.se/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/%C3%96ppna-l%C3%A4nkade-f%C3%B6retagsdata-C1.pdf
Below are a couple of links to analyses that claim open data have a positive economic impact.
http://www.pwc.se/sv_SE/se/publikationer/assets/pdf/oppna-data-i-sverige-2014-low.pdf
http://www.edelegationen.se/Documents/%C3%96vrigt/Oppna_data_-_Nytta_och_utmaningar_for_verksamheten.pdf
That this is an area with little analysis in Sweden is further exemplified by the state authority responsible for economic growth analysis, Tillvaxtanalys, lacks any economic assessment of open data economic benefits, with a mere report on general international observations, reiterating the assumption that open data is positive, whcih appears uncorroborated as for Swedish conditions. http://www.tillvaxtanalys.se/sv/publikationer/pm/working-paper-pm/2013-10-25-stora-data--oppna-data---exempel-pa-policyinitiativ-fran-asien-europa-och-usa.html
Still, there is a big however. Open data is used by numerous companies, where it forms the core of business ideas. It is apparent that open data drives business, and is something generally used by companies, besides those specialising in the area. That so little thorough statistics and analysis of the area is available, may actually be an effect of high integration of open data in both society and business. We are simply so used of having this sort of data before it became accessible online, that we do not think of the difference, because it is so natural."
"Sweden","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",5,"There is very scarce evidence that e.g. social entrepreneurs actually build new and successful businesses based on social data. This seems in contrast to what the government, and central and local authorities repeatedly state. Public administration to a large degree motivates open data because it is claimed to drive business. In reality, this researcher has found little evidence that this is actually the case, also by asking people active in this line of business. Public actor sources stating open data as business driver are many, but those indicating actual business are very few. Usually, those active in the business are consultants to authorities in constructing open data websites or applications for them, e.g. apps with traffic timetables, so it is mainly the public sector that both initiates and drives any business based on open data.
Intellecta
opendata.se"
"Sweden","ODB.2013.C.DPL",9,"Sweden has for long had a very strict personal data act, originally by a 1973 law regulating the - not least computerized - use of personal data (cf. personal data law 1973:289). As the 1973 law was becoming increasingly outdated, given rapid technological developments, it was replaced in 1998 by a new personal data act, 1998:204, (http://www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c6/01/55/42/b451922d.pdf), which also was in accordance with the European Union Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31995L0046:en:HTML)."
"Sweden","ODB.2013.C.RTI",8,"In 1766, Sweden adopted the Press Freedom Act as part of the country's constitution (http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Lagar/Svenskforfattningssamling/_sfs-1949-105/). According to the Principle of Public Access, the public is guaranteed full and unimpeded access to all documentation on authorities' activities, unless particular documents are classified by law. Also, when official documents are classified, citizens may appeal for declassification, and in authorities must have clear legal motives for documents to remain classified.
Furthermore, public employees are allowed to inform the press also about classified official acts and documents, without having to face legal sanctions. Instead, authorities are explicitly banned from investigating an informer's identity, and if so happens, it is grounds for both dismissal and legal sanction.
In recent years, there is an ongoing discussion on the extent to which primarily Sweden's EU-membership and secondarily degenerative bureaucratic practices limit freedom of information (cf. eg. http://www.dn.se/debatt/offentlighetsprincipen-ar-pa-vag-att-vittra-sonder/)."
"Switzerland","ODB.2013.C.INIT",7,"OGD is a strategic initiative within of Switzerland's e-government strategy (1), reference project B2.12 Open Government Data («OGD Schweiz») in the catalogue of prioritized projects (2). In September 2013, the Federal IT Steering Unit, the Swiss Federal Archives, and the Federal Chancellery were mandated to an ODG strategy (see press release (3) and report (4)). In April 2014, the Swiss Federal Council approved the OGD Strategy Switzerland 2014-2018 (5). An active ODG Pilot Portal was already established back in September 2013 (6)(7). It currently contains over 1800 data sets. OGD is coordinated across the various federal departments by the Programme Office eGovernment Switzerland, Federal IT Steering Unit FITSU (7) and the Swiss Federal Archive (starting from 2015)(8).
## Sources
(1): http://www.egovernment.ch/egov/00833/00834/index.html?lang=en Accessed 3th June 2014
(2): http://www.egovernment.ch/umsetzung/00847/index.html?lang=en Accessed 3th June 2014
(3): http://www.isb.admin.ch/aktuell/medieninfo/00126/index.html?lang=de&msg-id=50250 Accessed 3th June 2014
(4): http://www.news.admin.ch/NSBSubscriber/message/attachments/33498.pdf Accessed 3th June 2014
(5): http://www.news.admin.ch/NSBSubscriber/message/attachments/34534.pdf Accessed 3th June 2014
(6): http://opendata.admin.ch/ Accessed 3th June 2014
(7): http://www.egovernment.ch/ Accessed 3th June 2014
(8): http://www.bar.admin.ch/themen/01648/ Accessed 3th June 2014"
"Switzerland","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",8,"opendata.ch is the Swiss open data/ODG association (1) that functions as an umbrella for multiple groups and entities coming from civil society and business but also has well established relations to the government (e.g., two members of the board have particularly close relations to government agencies, one of them is an elected member of a municipal council of major Swiss city) (2). Various groups within opendata.ch have been organizing outreach events and activities to promote open data, this includes hackdays, conferences and meetings with politicians. In total 13 major events were organized in the past four year. For a list of these events, see (3). Also Swiss news media report about the national and international activities of opendata.ch, e.g., (4), (5).
## Sources
(1): http://opendata.ch Accessed 3th June 2014
(2): http://opendata.ch/organisation/board/ Accessed 3th June 2014
(3): http://opendata.ch/events/ Accessed 3th June 2014
(4): http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/digital/open-data-schweiz-bei-offenen-behoerdendaten-im-mittelfeld-1.18099046 Accessed 3th June 2014
(5): http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/digital/open-data-republica-13-1.18078390 Accessed 3th June 2014"
"Switzerland","ODB.2013.C.CITY",3,"In its OGD strategy, the Swiss government expresses its support for innovation in ODG (1). While there have been several open data events, such as 11 hackdays between 2011-2013 (2), sponsoring is in most cases provided by companies rather than the Swiss government. In some cases, however, public universities provide sponsoring, e.g., University of Geneva at the Law Mining Hackaton, 2013(3) and the University of Bern and the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland at the make.opendata.ch-Hackdays (4). The Swiss government funds studies on OGD, e.g.,(5). In general, it is less common in Switzerland that the government would directly provides financial support to such initiatives and activities; more often such financial means come from corporate sponsors. In that regards, it is not surprising to find fewer direct government activities in this area.
## Sources
(1): http://www.news.admin.ch/NSBSubscriber/message/attachments/34534.pdf Accessed 3th June 2014
(2): http://make.opendata.ch/?page_id=33 Accessed 3th June 2014
(3): http://make.opendata.ch/?page_id=541#sponsors Accessed 3th June 2014
(4): http://opendata.ch/2013/03/medienmitteilung-hackdays/ Accessed 3th June 2014
(5): http://www.bar.admin.ch/themen/01648/01651/index.html?lang=de&download=NHzLpZeg7t,lnp6I0NTU042l2Z6ln1acy4Zn4Z2qZpnO2Yuq2Z6gpJCDeIR4e2ym162epYbg2c_JjKbNoKSn6A-- Accessed 3th June 2014"
"Switzerland","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",6,"There are a few major cities and cantons active in OGD that are running their own initiatives. This includes: canton of Geneva, canton of Basel City, city of Zurich, and canton of Zurich. (1)(2) Zurich with eZurich (3), (4) has been the major player in OGD on the city level, these efforts started in June 2012 and have been extended continuously (5), (6). On the cantonal level, Geneva and Zurich are instances for active OGD initiatives, run by the respective governments. For evidence related to the Canton of Geneva, see (7), (8) and to the Canton of Zurich, see (9), particularly with regards to geo data (10). These city/regional activities are also important for the national up-take in Switzerland, some of them have been integrated into the national OGD efforts (11).
## Sources
(1): Neuroni et al (2013). Swiss Executive Authorities on Open Government Data – Policy Making beyond Transparency and Participation, http://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/hicss/2013/4892/00/4892b911-abs.html
Accessed 3rd June 2014
(2): Open Government Data Studie Schweiz, 2012, http://www.wirtschaft.bfh.ch/uploads/media/2012-06-OGD_Studie_Schweiz_02.pdf Accessed 3rd June 2014
(3): https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/opendata Accessed 3rd June 2014
(4): http://www.ezuerich.ch/ezh/de/index.html Accessed 3rd June 2014
(5): Open Government Data Studie Schweiz, 2012, http://www.wirtschaft.bfh.ch/uploads/media/2012-06-OGD_Studie_Schweiz_02.pdf Accessed 3rd June 2014
(6): eZürich − eine Standortbestimmung https://www.uzh.ch/blog/ifi-ddis/files/2013/11/eZuerich_Standortbestimmung_final.pdf Accessed 3rd June 2014
(7): Forum post, http://make.opendata.ch/forum/discussion/26/opendata-from-the-canton-de-geneve/p1, Accessed 3rd June 2014
(8): http://ge.ch/sitg/, Accessed 3rd June 2014
(9): http://www.e-gov.zh.ch/internet/staatskanzlei/egov/de/online_angebote/opendata.html Accessed 3rd June 2014
(10): http://www.geolion.zh.ch/opendata Accessed 3rd June 2014
(11): http://www.zh.ch/internet/de/aktuell/news/medienmitteilungen/2013/250_opendata.html Accessed 3rd June 2014"
"Switzerland","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",7,"Training relevant to open data (e.g., technology, visualization, legal, and business aspects) are available through multiple providers: universities (e.g., course on Open Data: Datenmanagement und Visualisierung at the University of Bern (1)), universities of applied sciences (e.g., CAS Big Data at the Bern University of Applied Sciences (2)), private education institutions (e.g., various courses on web technologies, apps, etc. at the Migros Klubschule (3)). Further, embedded in the open data community, the various Hackdays (4) and Open Data Camps (5) are venues to acquire open data skills and knowledge. The public high school Enge in Zurich held a project week about OGD in 2012. The high school students were introduced to tools to work with OGD on a variety of themes, including energy and tourism (6).
## Sources
(1): http://www.iwi.unibe.ch/content/studium/veranstaltungen/resource/open_data_datenmanagement_und_visualisierung/index_ger.html Accessed 3rd June 2014
(2): http://www.fachhochschulen.net/FH/Studium/CAS_Big_Data__CAS_BGD__17617.htm Accessed 3rd June 2014
(3): http://www.klubschule.ch/Angebote/Informatik-Neue-Medien/ Accessed 3rd June 2014
(4): http://make.opendata.ch/?page_id=190 Accessed 3rd June 2014
(5): http://www.netzwoche.ch/de-CH/News/2011/08/29/Erstes-Open-Data-Camp-in-der-Schweiz.aspx Accessed 3rd June 2014
(6): https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/portal/de/index/ogd/aktuell/news/neuigkeiten/2012-11-05_Kantonsschule-Enge-nutzt-OGD.html Accessed 3rd June 2014"
"Switzerland","ODB.2013.I.GOV",6,"Started in 2011/12, OGD is a relative young development in Switzerland. Thus, accurate sources that measure actual impact are difficult to obtain. To the researcher's knowledge, impact studies have not yet been conducted. However, the OGD Strategy Switzerland states that OGD will result in innovation and economic growth, transparency and participation, and efficiency gains in the public administration (1), (2). News media report that open data will create jobs. (3).Various OGD studies estimate significant benefits for the federal administration, e.g., in the domain of geo data, weather data, and environment data(4). An economic study reports that the overall economic benefits from OGD for Switzerland lie most likely between CHF0.9 B and CHF1.2 B (5).
What follows are a few open data examples and references to reports that make the case for an increase in government efficiency and effectiveness due to open data, particularly open government data:
- Budget 2012 Stadt Bern, is a web-enabled ICT that uses open data to visualize the City of Bern’s 2012 budget (6). It is mentioned in news papers as an example how open data increases transparency (7), (8).
- The study ‘Open Government Data Studie Schweiz’ (4) states that OGD supports the collaboration between different administrative entities and increases the quality of the public administration’s service portfolio (p 3; see also section “OGD als Förderer verwaltungsinterner Effizienz und Effektivität” on p 29).
- The study “Wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen von Open Government Data” (5) expects that ODG will simplify processes in the public administration (p 6), which leads to an increase in efficiency.
- In a talk at the Collegium Generale at the University of Bern, M. Stürmer pointed at gains in effectiveness and efficiency due to ODG (9).
- A study about ODG for weather data/services at MeteoSchweiz implies that ODG will lead to even more efficient data management and services, which increases efficiency and potentially effectiveness in other areas (e.g. ODG users) (10).
## Sources
(1): https://www.news.admin.ch/message/index.html?lang=de&msg-id=52688 Accessed 3rd June 2014
(2): http://www.egovernment.ch/umsetzung/00881/00883/index.html?lang=de&download=NHzLpZeg7t,lnp6I0NTU042l2Z6ln1acy4Zn4Z2qZpnO2Yuq2Z6gpJCDdYF_fWym162epYbg2c_JjKbNoKSn6A-- Accessed 3rd June 2014
(3) http://www.bernerzeitung.ch/schweiz/Open-Data-soll-Tausende-Arbeitsplaetze-schaffen/story/26132622 Accessed 3rd June 2014
(4): Open Government Data Studie Schweiz, 2012 http://www.wirtschaft.bfh.ch/uploads/media/2012-06-OGD_Studie_Schweiz_02.pdf, see p. 6-7 Accessed 3rd June 2014
(5): Wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen von Open Government Data, 2013 http://www.bar.admin.ch/aktuell/index.html?lang=de&download=NHzLpZeg7t,lnp6I0NTU042l2Z6ln1acy4Zn4Z2qZpnO2Yuq2Z6gpJCDeIR4e2ym162epYbg2c_JjKbNoKSn6A-- Accessed 3rd June 2014
(6) http://t.preus.se/bernbudget2012/ Accessed 27th June 2014
(7) Hacker spielen mit Finanzdaten, BZ April 2014, http://www.bernerzeitung.ch/digital/computer/Hacker-spielen-mit-Finanzdaten/story/10696193 Accessed 27th June 2014
(8) SonntagsZeitung: Das Budget stemme, Juni 2012 http://www.sonntagszeitung.ch/multimedia/artikel-detailseite/?newsid=219822 Accessed 27th June 2014
(9) Einblick in die aktuelle Diskussion zu Open Government Data, Dr. Matthias Stürmer, 21. April 2012, http://www.collegiumgenerale.unibe.ch/unibe/rektorat/collegiumgenerale/content/e3985/e60298/e60905/Strmer_ppt.EinblickindieaktuelleDiskussionzuOpenGovernmentData_ger.pdf Accessed 27th June 2014
(10) Bericht Open Government Data bei MeteoSchweiz Zürich, 30. April 2013 http://www.itopia.ch/repository/Publikationen/OGD%20Bericht%20MeteoSchweiz.pdf Accessed 27th June 2014"
"Switzerland","ODB.2013.I.ENV",2,"Started in 2011/12, OGD is a relative young development in Switzerland. No particular study has yet attempted to assess impact of OGD on environmental sustainability. However, there are several very successful examples of open data usage in the domains of environment, ecology, weather, traffic and more. Swiss institutes are among the leaders in geo/spatial information, a technology highly relevant in the use and visualization of environmental data. Examples with impact on environmental sustainability include: (a) Swiss Army Contaminated Sites, a site that uses OGD to identify/visualize venues polluted through military activity (1); (b) Federal Geo Portal, that provides a starting point to several databases on geology, state of the environment, and agriculture (2), related OGD data sets can be found here (3); (c) Noise exposure database, sonBASE (4); (d) hydrological data (5); (e) air pollution (6). Issues of open data and sustainability in Switzerland have been addressed at various conferences, too (7), (8), (9).
## Sources
(1): http://lab.interactivethings.com/swiss-army-contaminated-sites/application.html Accessed 3rd June 2014
(2): http://www.geo.admin.ch/ Accessed 3rd June 2014
(3): http://opendata.admin.ch/de/dataset?groups=raum-und-umwelt Accessed 3rd June 2014
(4): http://www.bafu.admin.ch/laerm/10312/10340/index.html?lang=de Accessed 3rd June 2014
(5): http://www.hydrodaten.admin.ch/de/ Accessed 3rd June 2014
(6): http://ipollution.opendata.ch/ Accessed 3rd June 2014
(7): http://www.egov-schweiz.ch/media/archive1/Praesentation_Andre_Golliez_itopia.pdf Accessed 3rd June 2014
(8): Logean et al (2012) Sustainability through Open Data: Examples from Switzerland, http://www.iai.kit.edu/ictensure/site;jsessionid=1864B6C4678A0F6DDD46F9BF500B744A?mod=litdb&subject=art&pid=X266AE04B&action=detail Accessed 3rd June 2014
(9) http://led.innoq.com/enviroinfo2012.html Accessed 3rd June 2014"
"Switzerland","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",5,"Started in 2011/12, OGD is a relative young development in Switzerland. No particular study relevant to Switzerland assessed the impact of OGD on transparency and accountability. The effects of OGD on transparency and accountability has been addressed at conferences, e.g., Stuermer (2012). Open Government Data für mehr Transparenz und Partizipation im öffentlichen Sektor, TEWI-Forum (1). Major media outlets have been reporting OGD and transparency, e.g., (2) and (3). There are multiple open data projects that contribute to the increase of transparency in various areas. Examples include: ‘Where Did My Taxes Go’ shows how paid taxes of an individual are allocated to various public domains (4). Bern’s Open Budget App visualizes the city’s expenses and income (5); similar apps are hold by the cities of Zurich (6) and Winterthur (7). The canton of Bern offers an app that visualizes its budget and fiscal equalization scheme (8). Other OGD apps incorporate data for accident statistics and health (9) while others encompass geo, telecom, and infrastructure information (10). All these information provides a new level of transparency and accountability.
## Sources
(1): http://www.tewi.ch/assets/Uploads/Forum-2012/Open-Government-Data-fr-mehr-Transparenz-und-Partizipation-im-ffentlichen-Sektor.pdf Accessed 3rd June 2014
(2): http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/schweiz/ein-world-wide-web-mit-behoerdendaten-1.18151442 Accessed 3rd June 2014
(3): http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/schweiz/transparenz-innovation-kosteneinsparungen-1.11066369 Accessed 3rd June 2014
(4): http://wheredidmytaxesgo.nelm.io/ Accessed 3rd June 2014
(5): http://bern.budget.opendata.ch/ Accessed 3rd June 2014
(6): http://zurich.budget.opendata.ch Accessed 3rd June 2014
(7): http://winterthur.budget.opendata.ch Accessed 3rd June 2014
(8): http://be-fa.budget.opendata.ch/ Accessed 3rd June 2014
(9): http://unfallkarte.ch/ Accessed 3rd June 2014
(10): http://map.geo.admin.ch/ Accessed 3rd June 2014"
"Switzerland","ODB.2013.I.ECON",3,"Started in 2011/12, OGD is a relative young development in Switzerland. Thus, accurate sources that measure actual impact are difficult to obtain. To the researcher's knowledge, impact studies have not yet been conducted. However, the OGD Strategy Switzerland states that OGD will result in innovation and economic growth (1), (2). News media report that open data will create jobs. (3).An economic study reports that the overall economic benefits from OGD for Switzerland lie most likely between CHF0.9 B and CHF1.2 B (4). Various smaller and mid-sized IT and consulting companies have found a new business field in providing open data related services, e.g., (5), (6) .
## Sources
(1): https://www.news.admin.ch/message/index.html?lang=de&msg-id=52688 Accessed 3rd June 2014
(2): http://www.egovernment.ch/umsetzung/00881/00883/index.html?lang=de&download=NHzLpZeg7t,lnp6I0NTU042l2Z6ln1acy4Zn4Z2qZpnO2Yuq2Z6gpJCDdYF_fWym162epYbg2c_JjKbNoKSn6A-- Accessed 3rd June 2014
(3) http://www.bernerzeitung.ch/schweiz/Open-Data-soll-Tausende-Arbeitsplaetze-schaffen/story/26132622 Accessed 3rd June 2014
(4): Wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen von Open Government Data, 2013 http://www.bar.admin.ch/aktuell/index.html?lang=de&download=NHzLpZeg7t,lnp6I0NTU042l2Z6ln1acy4Zn4Z2qZpnO2Yuq2Z6gpJCDeIR4e2ym162epYbg2c_JjKbNoKSn6A-- Accessed 3rd June 2014
(5): http://www.itopia.ch/opendata.de.html Accessed 3rd June 2014
(6): Accessed 3rd June 2014"
"Switzerland","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No particular open data sets, media accounts or government report found that directly address the inclusion of marginalised groups in policy making and accessing government services"
"Switzerland","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",5,"Open data as a new business model has been discussed in the Swiss start up scene (1) and at conferences (2). Various information technology and business consulting companies and legal offices provide specialized services, mostly toward public entities that are engaging with OGD (e.g., releasing open data sets). Examples include: itopia (2); Liip (3); Laux Lawyers (4). Further, there are companies that develop new technology for the use of open data. The Swiss company mingle.io, for example, innovates in the area of data management and aims at making available more than 5 billion open data facts (5). There are no statistics available with regard to the incorporation of open data start-ups.
## Sources
(1): http://startwerk.ch/2011/05/12/neue-businessideen-open-data-als-geschaftmodell/ Accessed 4th June 2014
(2): https://web.archive.org/web/20110508004130/http://www.ch-open.ch/events/aktuelle-events/240611-opendatach-2011/konferenzprogramm/ Accessed 4th June 2014
(3): http://www.itopia.ch/opendata.de.html Accessed 4th June 2014
(4): http://www.liip.ch/en/what/products/open-data Accessed 4th June 2014
(5): http://www.lauxlawyers.ch/ Accessed 4th June 2014
(6): http://www.startup.ch/index.cfm?CFID=366864308&CFTOKEN=14895637&page=129367&profil_id=5686&backpage=129571 Accessed 4th June 2014"
"Switzerland","ODB.2013.C.DPL",8,"Switzerland has a robust legal framework for the protection of personal data. This includes the Data Protection Act (Datenschutzgesetz, DSG (1)) which regulates the use of personal data as well as the Federal Surveillance Act (Bundesgesetz über den Post- und Fernmeldeverkehr (2)) which sets out the rules for accessing personal data and other files by investigators. Personal use which does not lead to a disclosure is fully acceptable under the DSG. However, use by individuals and companies for commercial purposes is only allowed if the person to whom the data relates has disclosed the data knowing of the use to which the collector now wants to put it or has given his/her consent to the use of the data. The collector of the data has to take the necessary procedural steps to ensure the safety and protection of the data (3)
Further, Switzerland has several very active data protection/privacy commissioners on the federal (4) as well as the cantonal (e.g., in Zurich (5)) level. For annual activity reports of the federal data protection commissioner, see (6).
All the above, data experts says that Switzerland must update its outmoded data protection laws (currently 20 years old) to bring them in line with sweeping new European privacy regulations. (7)
## Sources
(1): Federal Act on Data Protection http://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19920153/index.html Accessed 19th June 2014
(2): Bundesgesetz betreffend die Überwachung des Post- und Fernmeldeverkehrs http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20002162/index.html ccessed 19th June 2014
(3): E-Mail conversation with/comments by Rolf Weber, Professor, Chair for International Business Law, University of Zurich, 18 June 2014
(4): Hanspeter Thür, Eidgenössischer Datenschutz- und Öffentlichkeitsbeauftragter (EDÖB) http://www.edoeb.admin.ch/org/00125/index.html?lang=de Accessed 19th June 2014
(5): Datenschutzbeauftragter Bruno Baeriswyl https://dsb.zh.ch/internet/datenschutzbeauftragter/de/ueber_uns/datenschutzbeauftragter_bruno_baeriswyl.html Accessed 19th June 2014
(6): Tätigkeitsberichte http://www.edoeb.admin.ch/dokumentation/00153/01073/index.html?lang=de Accessed 19th June 2014
(7): http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss-must--rapidly-review--data-laws/32042788"
"Switzerland","ODB.2013.C.RTI",6,"Switzerland has introduced its Right to Information (RTI) / Freedom of Information (FoI) law (referred to as ‘Öffentlichkeitsgesetz, BGÖ’) on the federal level, effective on July 1, 2006 (1). On the cantonal level, most cantons have established an equivalent law (2). The private platform www.oeffentlichkeitsgesetz.ch provides various services for the media and citizens to inform them about the Swiss transparency law and reports about current developments in that area (3).
The implementation of the BGÖ received considerable criticism. For instance: citizens do not know about its existence; administrative entities have not implemented it consistent with the letter of the law; and use a rather generous interpretation of the law in favor of the public administration. A parliamentary interpellation (4) addressed these issues and media outlets and civil society organizations reported about it: (5), (6), (7).
Further, Switzerland is on rank 59 on the current RTI rating, scoring 77 out of 150 points (on par with Rwanda). (8)
## Sources
(1): Bundesgesetz über das Öffentlichkeitsprinzip der Verwaltung, (Öffentlichkeitsgesetz, BGÖ) http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20022540/index.html Accessed 10th June 2014
(2): Parlament beschliesst Öffentlichkeitsgesetz: St. Gallens neue Transparenz, NZZ 4 June 2014 http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/schweiz/st-gallens-neue-transparenz-1.18315904 Accessed 10th June 2014
(3): https://www.oeffentlichkeitsgesetz.ch/ Accessed 10th June 2014
(4): 11.3358 – Interpellation, Anwendung des Öffentlichkeitsgesetzes http://www.parlament.ch/d/suche/seiten/geschaefte.aspx?gesch_id=20113358 Accessed 10th June 2014
(5): Öffentlichkeitsgesetz Es ist Ihr Recht, dahinter zu sehen, Beobachter 26/2011 http://www.beobachter.ch/justiz-behoerde/gesetze-recht/artikel/oeffentlichkeitsgesetz_es-ist-ihr-recht-dahinter-zu-sehen/ Accessed 10th June 2014
(6): Schweizer Verwaltung setzt Öffentlichkeitsgesetz nicht optimal um, SRF, April 2014 http://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/schweizer-verwaltung-setzt-oeffentlichkeitsgesetz-nicht-optimal-um Accessed 10th June 2014
(7): Die Transparenz in der Verwaltung ist bedroht, Oeffentlichkeitsgesetz.ch, May 2014 https://www.oeffentlichkeitsgesetz.ch/deutsch/2014/05/die-transparenz-in-der-verwaltung-ist-bedroht/ Accessed 10th June 2014
(8): Global Right to Information Rating http://rti-rating.org/country_data.php Accessed 10th June 2014"
"Tanzania","ODB.2013.C.INIT",1,"There is no open data initiative in the country. While Tanzania is a member of the open government partnership (OGP), there was no evidence of any commitments to launch or resource a national open government data initiative in the first action plan. There was only a mention in the country's commitment to study best global practices on open data portals(1). In July 2014, the Tanzania government published a second OGP action plan (2) with a commitment to launch an open data initiative by December 2016.
##Sources
(1): TANZANIA OPEN GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP (OGP)ACTION PLAN 2012-2013 https://opengov.go.tz/files/publications/attachments/OGPACTIONPLANREVISEDON26-3-2012-1_en.pdf
(2): Tanzania Open Government Partnership (OGP) Second National Action Plan 2014/15 - 2015/16, http://opengov.go.tz/files/publications/attachments/TANZANIA_OGP_SECOND_ACTION_PLAN_2014_-_2016-2_FINAL_213321345_sw.pdf, accessed in July 2014."
"Tanzania","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",2,"Given that there is no official government open data initiative (1), most civil society or technology activities with open data are independent and making use of any publicly published datasets, not necessarily from a government agency. Individual efforts are often isolated with the most prominent activities with open data from Twaweza, an East African civil society organisation (2).
##Sources
(1): Open Government Partnership Tanzania http://www.opengov.go.tz/
(2): Twaweza http://twaweza.org/go/initiatives. Accessed in July 2014."
"Tanzania","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"There is no evidence of a city or regional open data initiative in Tanzania. The only existing initiatives are at national level, run by large donor agencies such as the World Bank (1) and the African Development Bank (2). There is a comprehensive data website run by the ministry responsible for local government authorities. However, the website is non interactive and contains static uploads (3).
##Sources
(1): The World Bank Data -Tanzania http://data.worldbank.org/country/tanzania
(2): Open Data for Tanzania http://tanzania.opendataforafrica.org/
(3): http://www.pmoralg.go.tz/ accessed 26 August 2013."
"Tanzania","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"There is no visible support from any sources of Tanzania's government directly providing financial support for innovation with open data. (1) (2)
##Sources
(1): Open Government Partnership Tanzania http://www.opengov.go.tz/
(2): Technology and Innovation, OGP - Tanzania http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/tanzania/commitment/technology-and-innovation"
"Tanzania","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",1,"While there were bootcamps run in 2012 in Tanzania (1) to train on open data and data journalism (2), there have since been no evidence of other efforts to train on skills to use open data. REPOA, a local research institution had been running a series of training on data journalism and empirical research as part of its Tanzania Governance Noticeboard Programme, but the programme has been discontinued and subsequent evaluations of such training found it to be of limited effectiveness. (3)
##Sources
(1): Tanzania D Bootcamp http://tanzania.dbootcamp.org/ Accessed in July 2014.
(2): TANZANIA’S FIRST DATA JOURNALISM BOOTCAMP, TANZICT http://tanzict.or.tz/2012/10/15/tanzanias-first-data-journalism-bootcamp/
(3): http://www.repoa.or.tz/index.php/publications/tracer_study_for_research_users_the_case_of_tgn_media_training accessed 26 August 2014."
"Tanzania","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"While evidence exists of data based impact on government efficiency, open data concept remains a relatively new concept for any meaningful evaluations to have been conducted on it. There is thus no evidence from media or academic sources to indicate that open data has been used to increase government efficiency."
"Tanzania","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"There is no evidence in media or academic sources that indicate impacts of open data on increased transparency and accountability in Tanzania."
"Tanzania","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no evidence of such impact in Tanzania from online sources. This would be especially unlikely given low internet coverage in the country."
"Tanzania","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"There is no evidence of impact on environmental sustainability in Tanzania."
"Tanzania","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"There is no evidence of economic impact from open data in Tanzania."
"Tanzania","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",1,"There is one documented evidence of entrepreneurs using open data in Tanzania to showcase school performance and track progress in education. Their site is called Shule.Info (1)
##Sources
(1): http://www.shule.info/about"
"Tanzania","ODB.2013.C.DPL",0,"There is no data protection law in Tanzania. However, these are expected to be enacted together with new proposed laws on cyber security (1) (2).
(1) http://www.humanipo.com/news/38395/tanzania-drafts-cybersecurity-laws/
(2) http://allafrica.com/stories/201408060904.html"
"Tanzania","ODB.2013.C.RTI",1,"There is no Freedom of Information Law in Tanzania. There was a law drafted in 2006 (1) but rejected by stakeholders (2). Since then, the Tanzania President, Jakaya Kikwete, made a commitment in 2013 at the OGP meeting to enact the law by April 2014. This however has not been the case and Tanzania's latest OGP commitment slates the enactment of this law by December 2014.
(1):http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/international/laws_papers/tanzania/draft_foi_bill_2006.pdf
(2):http://uhuruyamawazo.blogspot.com/2012/05/history-of-freedom-of-information.html
(3): http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2013/nov/01/closing-tanzania-open-government-plans
(4) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/sites/default/files/TANZANIA_OGP_SECOND_ACTION_PLAN_2014_-_2016-2_FINAL_213321345_sw%20%281%29.pdf"
"Thailand","ODB.2013.C.INIT",2,"Open data initiative started under Democrat government in 2010-1011 with the portal http://data.pm.go.th, but it dissolved the parliament and Phue Thai party won election in July 2011, so the site has stopped. However under the leadership of Electronic Government Agency under the Ministry of ICT, the open data initiative will be continued at www.data.go.th
The domain was registered and approved by the cabinet last year, and for 2014 it planned to create at least 2 dataset for the pilot.
For next year it plans to issue the policy about open gov data to motivate other government agencies to join the project.(2)
(1) PORTAL STARTS TO BUILD MOMENTUM- 1 June, 2011, http://www.futuregov.asia/articles/2011/jun/01/thailand-government-open/
(2) Email interview with Charin Thiratitayangkul, Director of Policy & Strategy e-Government Agency, 2 July 2014"
"Thailand","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",1,"Around the end of 2011 during Thailand's one of the serious flooding, civil society like Open Dream (http://www.opendream.co.th/) have used open data to create warning system and organized hackathon regarding flooding information, but after that no significant engagement from the technology professionals at the government's open data.
Some third party data is available from the UN (3) and the World Bank (4).
(1): Phone interview with Arthit Suriyawongkul, Thai Netizen Network, 15th June 2014.
(2): Phone interview with Klaikong Vaidhyakarn, Deputy Director, Change Fusion, 2nd July 2014
(3) Projects in Thailand, UN- Projects in Thailand 2nd July 2014
(4) Data-Thailand- http://data.worldbank.org/country/thailand 2nd July 2014"
"Thailand","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"There is no evidence regarding this matter
(1): Phone interview with Arthit Suriyawongkul, Thai Netizen Network, 15th June 2014."
"Thailand","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"There is no evidence regarding this matter
(1): Phone interview with Arthit Suriyawongkul, Thai Netizen Network, 15th June 2014."
"Thailand","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",4,"There is no evidence regarding this matter
(1): Phone interview with Arthit Suriyawongkul, Thai Netizen Network, 15th June 2014."
"Thailand","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"There is no evidence regarding the impact of government efficiency
(1): Phone interview with Arthit Suriyawongkul, Thai Netizen Network, 15th June 2014.
(2): Phone interview with Klaikong Vaidhyakarn, Deputy Director, Change Fusion, 2nd July 2014"
"Thailand","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"There is no evidence regarding this matter
(1): Phone interview with Arthit Suriyawongkul, Thai Netizen Network, 15th June 2014."
"Thailand","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"There is no evidence regarding this matter
(1): Phone interview with Arthit Suriyawongkul, Thai Netizen Network, 15th June 2014."
"Thailand","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no evidence regarding this matter
(1): Phone interview with Arthit Suriyawongkul, Thai Netizen Network, 15th June 2014."
"Thailand","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"There is no evidence regarding this matter
(1): Phone interview with Arthit Suriyawongkul, Thai Netizen Network, 15th June 2014."
"Thailand","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"There is no evidence regarding this matter
(1): Phone interview with Arthit Suriyawongkul, Thai Netizen Network, 15th June 2014."
"Thailand","ODB.2013.C.DPL",3,"1997 Official Information Act touches upon the broad applicability, the consent of individuals as well as the right of redress. In 2010, the government announced the guidelines on electronic personal data protection,(1) which recognised and ensure the safety of the information collected, as well as responsibility of the data holders. The rights to access or correct own personal data is also included in the 1997 Act. (2)
(1): Guidelines on electronic personal data protection enforced today, Published 2nd November 2010, http://prachatai.com/journal/2010/11/31716, Accessed 4th June 2014.
(2): Personal data protection: Thailand’s next step, Published 20th August 2013, http://nstda.or.th/blog/?p=30859, Accessed 4th June 2014.
(3): Global Data Privacy Directory-Thailand, p.193, Norton Rose Fulbright Report 2013- http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf Accessed Aug 2014"
"Thailand","ODB.2013.C.RTI",4,"Thailand ranks 62 out of 98 countries surveyed by the Global Right to Information Rating. (1) Even though the law has existed for 17 years already, critics emphasize on the law’s weak implementation. This is due to the vague definition of the state’s exempted information which often results in the closure of the information. It also lacks a clear time frame of each process and takes too long to respond to the citizen’s request. There is also no punishment for the officers who unjustifiably deny revealing the information. (2)
(1): Global Right to Information Rating: Country Rating, http://www.rti-rating.org/country_data.php, Accessed 4th June 2014.
(2): 15 years of Information Act...Does it really work?, Published 20th October 2012, http://thaipublica.org/2012/10/information-act/, Accessed 4th June 2014."
"Tunisia","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"There is a national open data initiative, that was the result of the democratisation of the country after the Tunisian revolution in 2011. Concretely, Law décret-loi 2011-41, issued on 26 Mai 2011 and Law décret-loi n°54, issued on 11 June 2011, gives the right to citizens to have access to all documents held by the government (1,3,4,5,6,7). The government has stated its commitment to open data and joined the open government partnership (8).
The government initiated a website (www.DATA.GOV.TN) where data are available, according to a selection of themes (agriculture, education, health,...). (2) However, this is not well resourced, and data are not always up to date.
Sources:
(1) www.OPENDATA.TN
(2) www.DATA.GOV.TN
(3) Law décret-loi 2011-41, issued on 26 Mai 2011
(4) Law décret-loi n°54, issued on 11 June 2011
(5) Circulaire n°25, issued on 5 May 2012
(6) Interview with Farhat Boughizène, expert in ICT, 3 June 2014, Sfax
(7) Open Data Index (initiative of the Open Knowledge Foundation based on contributions from open data advocates and experts around the world). This Index results are a fixed snapshot from October 28th, 2013, compiled from the data collected from the national Open Data Census (https://index.okfn.org/country/)
(8) http://wbi.worldbank.org/sske/story/strengthening-open-government-tunisia, accessed 8 August 2014."
"Tunisia","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",6,"There is some engagement from the civil society over open data, but these are still isolated cases (2). For example, a group of citizens has created a website promoting the use of open data (www.OPENGOV.TN) (1).Another exaple is made by Nader Yamoun, who developed a website explaining and advocating the use of open data (see attached). An NGO, Touensa, has sought international support on this issue (3). There is no coordinated campaign for open data usage, but rather some isolated initiatives..) (2)
Sources:
(1) www.OPENGOV.TN
(2) Interview with Farhat Boughizène, expert in ICT, 3 June 2014, Sfax
(3) http://mena.okfn.org/?p=220, accessed 8 August 2014."
"Tunisia","ODB.2013.C.CITY",1,"There were no reported concrete action from the government to support a culture of innovation with open data (1,2)
Sources:
(1) Interview with Farhat Boughizène, expert in ICT, 3 June 2014, Sfax
(2) www.index.okfn.org/country"
"Tunisia","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",4,"The only concrete experience of open data initiative during the period of study comes from the city of Sayada, in Centre East of the country. The city has developed a portal (1) where the citizen can find, for example, the budget of the city(2).
Other cities involved in the OpenData/OpenGov initiative include Hammam Lif [4] and Gafsa [5], in addition to Moknine (near Monastir), Chihia (near aSfax) and Soukra (near Tunis) which didn't launch yet.
The city of Kairouan also launched a FixMyStreet initiative [3]. Actually it's 4/24 regions have open data initiatives available online and 3 others in progress.
--
[1] http://villedesayada.tn
[2] http://blog.nizarus.tn/mirror/PresentationBILSayada.pdf
[3] http://fixkairouan.org/
[4] https://www.facebook.com/pages/OPEN-GOV-Municipalite-Dhammam-lif-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81/542851092421919
[5] http://opengafsa.tn/"
"Tunisia","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",5,"There is limited training available for citizens who want to learn about open data (2). Some initiatives were done, as for example a website (www.opensources.tn)initiated by the ministry of higher education (1).
However,some training that could contribute to building open data-related skills (mainly through universities and other training centers) exists.
Sources:
(1) www.opensources.tn
(2) Interview with Farhat Boughizène, expert in ICT, 3 June 2014, Sfax"
"Tunisia","ODB.2013.I.GOV",4,"The use of open data had a positive impact on improving the government efficiency (1), through two main determinants: first, the use of digital platforms permitted to the citizen to obtain the data he needs from his home or office, without physically moving to the government offices. For example, there is no more need to go to the train station to obtain a train schedule, the citizen can have the information through a computer (2).
The second determinant consists in a better control of administrative costs, and in particular salaries. In fact, there is no more need to recruit officers to inform citizens in public spaces (2,3).
Two problems were reported: not everybody has access to a computer, and many workers use the computers available in the working place, to navigate through opend data during time work, instead of working
But globally open data had a positive impact on efficiency of the government (3). Nevertheless as open data is a relatively new initiative, there is little evidence of impact.
Sources:
(1) http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/amin-khechine/et-si-la-tunisie-sorienta_b_5322099.html
(2) Interview with Farhat Boughizène, expert in ICT, 3 June 2014, Sfax
(3) Interview with Mrs. Alya Khsayri, expert in ICT, 8 June 2014, Tunis"
"Tunisia","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no evidence of impact of open data on increasing the inclusion of marginalised groups in policy making. The marginalised do not benefit access to ICT (computers, Internet connexion) and do not have the necessary qualification (writing, reading, computer culture,...)(1,2). In particular, the Poor and the illiterate living in rural areas did not benefit from open data to get better integrated in the Tunisian society (2)
(1) Interview with Mrs. Alya Khsayri, expert in ICT, 8 June 2014, Tunis
(2) Interview with Mr. Bouda, officer in the municipality of Tunis, in charge of ICT, 7 June 2014, Tunis"
"Tunisia","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",3,"Entrepreneurs are using open data in particular to keep informed about laws and regulations, and to facilitate their contacts with clients, partners,.... But they are more relying on traditional ways of making business (direct contact, telephone, mailings, contact with embassies,...(1,2,3)
Sources:
(1) Interview with Mr. Lemkecher, vice president of Bondin, in charge of development, 8 June 2014, Tunis
(2) Interview with Mr. Abri Blekhiria, entrepreneur in heaters, 7 June 2014, Tunis
(3) http://goingnext.com/opendata/2013/10/29/index-open-data-2013-de-l%E2%80%99okfn-le-chemin-est-encore-long-pour-la-tunisie/"
"Tunisia","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",2,"It is not proved that any online sources related to open data have concretely contributed to more transparency and accountability (1). In particular, the associations «La boussole», «Nawat» and ""OpenGov Tunisie», supported by many citizens have made a complaint against the ANC (parliament) because it does not act transparently and does not publish all the minutes of their meetings. This complain started in 2012 but is still going on (1,2). However, there are hopes of increased transparency in the 2014 elections because of Open Data (3).
Sources:
(1) Interview with Mr. Gassas, member of ANC, 5 June 2014, Tunis
(2) www.OPENGOV.TN
(3) http://16iacc.org/tunisia-election-data-geotagging-for-accessible-and-transparent-elections/ accessed 8 August 2014."
"Tunisia","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"There are no evidence of concrete impact of open data on environment sustainability in Tunisia. (1,2)
Sources:
(1) Interview with Mr. Chelbi, engineer in ANPE (Agence Nationale de Protection de l'Environnement), 5 June 2014, Tunis
(2) Interview with Pr. Bousnina, Professor of sociology,expert in sociology of environment, University of Tunis, 3 June 2014, Tunis"
"Tunisia","ODB.2013.I.ECON",1,"There are no reported cases where an economic sectors has sufficiently benefited from open data to increase and develop (3). This may be due to two factors: first, open data is still a new concept, and has not entenred the traditions and cultures (1). The second explanation is related to the economic situation of the country. In fact, since the revolution in 2011, Tunisia entered a long period of recession, with no economic sector in a growing phase (2). Even sectors like tourism did not benefit a noticeable positive impact from open data. But it is expected that once the political situation stabilizes, and the economy enters a growing cycle, open data could have an impact on the Tunisian economy (4)
Sources:
(1) Interview with Mr. Lemkecher, vice president of Bondin, in charge of development, 8 June 2014, Tunis
(2) Interview with Mr. Abri Blekhiria, entrepreneur in heaters, 7 June 2014, Tunis
(3) http://goingnext.com/opendata/2013/10/29/index-open-data-2013-de-l%E2%80%99okfn-le-chemin-est-encore-long-pour-la-tunisie
(4) Interview with Mr. Habib Ammar, former President of ONTT (Office National du Tourisme Tunisien), 11 June 2014, Tunis"
"Tunisia","ODB.2013.C.DPL",7,"In Tunisia, the Instance Nationale de Protection des Données Personelles exists since 2004, and provides the right of consent to citizens and the right to access one's personal data (1,3,4). There is also a law defining the responsibilities on information holders and giving legal action against persons or public institutions who violate data privacy (see attached law) (2).
The National Authority insures that the processing of personal data has been carried out with the express and written consent of the citizens, that citizens have an effective right to access their personal informational and can rectify or destruct personal data. [5] After the fall of Ben Ali's regime, former magistrate and democratic activist Mokhtar Yahyaou has been nominated at the head of the National Authority for the Protection of Personal Data. [6]
--
Sources:
(1) http://www.inpdp.nat.tn/
(2) http://www.tunisie.gov.tn/SYNC_1615697015.pdf
(3) Interview with Khadija Madani, lawyer in high court, 2 June 2014, Tunis
(4) Interview with Farhat Boughizène, expert in ICT, 3 June 2014, Sfax
(5) http://www.inpdp.nat.tn/version-anglaise/droit.html (accessed on August 16th 2013)
(6) http://www.afapdp.org/archives/664"
"Tunisia","ODB.2013.C.RTI",7,"The right to information is guaranteed by the new Tunisian constitution (1) in its articles 31 and 32 (see Constitution attached). There is also a law (Décret-loi n° 2011-41 du 26 mai 2011) guaranteeing to the citizen the right to access public documents (se law attached) (2,3). However, in practice, the government is not used to sharing information, so implementation is lagging (4). There are ongoing consultations on enhancement of the law (5).
Sources:
(1) Tunisian Constitution (file:///C:/Users/USER/Desktop/Constitutionfrancais.pdf)
(2) Décret-loi n° 2011-41 du 26 mai 2011(http://www.uma.rnu.tn/image.php?id=130)
(3) Interview with Khadija Madani, lawyer in high court, 2 June 2014, Tunis
(4) http://www.tunisia-live.net/2013/10/03/tunisias-freedom-of-information-law-to-be-expanded/, accessed 8 August 2014.
(5) http://www.freedominfo.org/2014/06/tunisia-announces-plans-consult-access-law/, accessed 8 August 2014."
"Turkey","ODB.2013.C.INIT",2,"Though Turkey joined the OGP (1) in 2011, worked on action plan 1.0 and is working in the 2nd action plan now, there were very few initiatives related to open data and open government data in 2013-2014. Also, till now, there is no well-resourced open government data initiative. Yasar Tonga from Hacettepe University (yasartont@gmail.com) notes that in 2013, the government decided to develop centralized open data center. However, there are no any action till now.
There is no open data portal. However, in their action plan, the government planned to build www.spending.gov.tr portal for publishing public expenditures. It is planned to develop www.regulation.gov.tr portal for engaging citizens in policy-making processes; Electronic Public Procurement Platform. Both of them have not been working yet.
Although the national action plan was not implemented, the general directorate of public accounts (2) provides extensive data including local governments' accounts. For a better evaluation please check this website as well. Turkish Statistical Institute has also launched an initiative about open data based on knowledge and data sharing for all shareholders through websites, web services, mobile services, cloud computing and data.gov.tr (3).
1. http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/turkey
2- (https://portal.muhasebat.gov.tr)
3- http://www.oicstatcom.org/imgs/news/image/841-open-data-turkey-en.pdf"
"Turkey","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",2,"There is not significant engagement between these parties. Last year, ‘Open Data and Open Government’ Panel discussion was organized by TUBITAK (Turkey scientific and technological research agency)(1). But, there is no any action by now. The panel discussion was held on 20.03.2013. TUBITAK plans to organize second open data discussion in the end of this year. But, there is no any exact time and program of event. Furthermore, topics related to OGD were discussed through conferences organized by the Association for Intenet Technologies, and Mersin University such as: http://inet-tr.org.tr/inetconf19/
http://ab.org.tr/ab14/cagri.html, http://inet-tr.org.tr/inetconf18/
1. http://www.tubitak.gov.tr/tr/kurumsal/hakkimizda/icerik-bilim-kurulu"
"Turkey","ODB.2013.C.CITY",1,"According to Turkish Strategic Plan (2011-2015), opening up and achieving transparency are considered one of the main targets (Başbakanlık (2011-2015) Stratejik Plan). Hilal Ayik shows in his presentation that opening up government data sets in accordance with the concept of open data in Turkey covers theoretically transparency and accountability issues (1). But, as a practical initiative, there are very few examples. For example, in Istanbul ""Intelligent Software for Istanbul Marathon"" competition was organized. The participants were using open traffic data for developing new solutions to make traffic of Istanbul better (2). Other than that, there has been some hackathons that were supported by government agencies such as http://hackathonist.com/ competition was done in 8-11 May, 2014. Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality supported the event.
Generally speaking, Turkish government has very intensive support for startup projects (3) but not necessarily OD startups. In Turkey, there are some startups that use open data which personally obtained from the government bodies (4) (5). But, those are not systematic. Therefore, It is impossible to consider those initiatives as a support to open data. (6).
1. http://bil588.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/ac3a7c4b1k-veri-ac3a7c4b1k-devlet.pdf
2. http://www.bthaber.com/istanbul-trafigi-akillanir-mi
3. http://turkey.setimes.com/en_GB/articles/ses/articles/reportage/2013/03/05/reportage-01
4. http://hackathonist.com
5. http://www.startupturkey.com
6. http://turkey.escapeartist.com/tech-startups-in-turkey/"
"Turkey","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",1,"There is no Open Data portal in any cites of Turkey. However, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality made some initiatives for supporting open data competition. I understand that this cannot be considered Open Data initiative. But, this is a step which is valuable in a country which does not have strong open data community. Finally, there is no open data portal in the regional level. There is open street maps of big cities (for example Izmir: 3). But, those initiatives are not in the open data portal level.
1. http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/%C4%B0zmir"
"Turkey","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",5,"In addition to formal education and courses provided at university level, there are some big data, linked data courses (1) (2) (3). As mentioned before, there are some startups that use open data. But, there is no any training related to open data issues. However, during Hackathonist 2013, the organizers conducted short introduction training (4).
1. http://www.srdc.com.tr/home/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=103&Itemid=143&lang=en
2. http://www.turkgen.com.tr/training.html
3. http://bte.bilgem.tubitak.gov.tr/en/urunler/bva-big-data-analysis
4. http://hackathonist.com/program/egitimler/"
"Turkey","ODB.2013.I.GOV",1,"In Turkey, there is no well-resourced open data portal. Open Data Index of OKF shows that there is no any improvement from 2013 (1). Alsom cases of impact are not available. Still, information related to data sets is empty. ""Intelligent Software for Istanbul Marathon"" software competition, open data of Istanbul was used and developed smart solutions (2). Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality supported the competition (HACKATHONİST 2014) and provided traffic open data for using and re-using by the participants. The journalists and jury considered the results very productive (3). After election 2014, the government body published the official results. The open results were used by media and published as a visualized form (4).
1. https://index.okfn.org/country/overview/Turkey/
2. http://hackathonist.com/jurioduller/oduller/
3. http://www.gazetemetro.com/akilli-istanbul-icin-yaristilar/
4. http://secim.haberler.com/2014/"
"Turkey","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"Thought there are plans to build www.transparency.gov.tr; www.spending.gov.tr; www.regulation.gov.tr portals to enhance transparency, none of them are implemented. Also, transparency is one of the key targets in the Prime Minister (2011-2015) Strategic Plan. Those are good plans for improving transparency and accountability, but cannot be considered notable impact open data.
Furthermore, the government does not open sensitive data sets which is considered key element for transparency. For example, Turkish Statistic Institute and Ministry of Finance published spending data which is very general. Those data sets do not cover full spending of the government. Oya Özarslan from Transparency Turkey (Seffaflik Turkiye) notes that transparency level is not satisfactory in Turkey. Opened up information are not enough to investigate and tackle corruption. There is much news related to election data which published by the government (2).
1. http://www.opengovpartnership.org/country/turkey
2. http://secim.haberler.com/2014/"
"Turkey","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There are very few attempts regarding open data issues. Accoutering to Transparency Turkey organization (Şeffaflık Türkiye) (info@seffaflik.org), there is no any evidence related to an impact of open data projects to marginalized groups. Additionally, government services are very strict and strongly depend on the government bodies in Turkey. E-government portal of Turkey does not have open data services (1). Yasin Topal shows in his ""open data"" presentation that transparency, efficiency and productivity of public administration is taken into account in the strategic plans of Ministry of Internal Affairs and The Prime Minstyr (2). However, there is no effective implementation of open data.
1. https://www.turkiye.gov.tr/bilgilendirme?konu=sikcaSorulanlar
2. http://prezi.com/yknqrw4wgpes/ack-veri-ack-devlet"
"Turkey","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"There are http://openstreetmap.org.tr/ which makes possible to use open street map in different projects (1). The open data of street map is used by different commercial and non-commercial purposes. Muhammed Balta developed android app ""MeetOnBus"" (2) in the frame of HACKATHONIST 2014. He used metro bus data in this application. However, it is not commercial project and till now, it does not earn money. http://hackathonist.com/ competition has some new startups. Most of them are in early stages. However, as I mentioned in justification, open street maps are used by many websites as open source maps. However, no clear evidence of impact.
1. http://akademik.maltepe.edu.tr/~canunen/INS%20406%20-%20Cografi%20Bilgi%20Sistemleri/06%20-%20OSM.pdf
2. http://hack-a-metrobus.blogspot.com.tr/2014/05/metroplus-front-end-side.html"
"Turkey","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"There is no any evidence which used open data to build new business. There are some non-commercial examples, such as open Turkey Map, and Istanbul traffic. But, those examples are not business oriented projects. (1)
1. http://www.citysdk.eu/2014/01/30/apps-with-istanbul-transport-open-data-awarded/
2. http://www.gazetemetro.com/akilli-istanbul-icin-yaristilar/
3. http://openstreetmap.org.tr/"
"Turkey","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"""Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion and Reforestation Turkey"" (1) is one of the biggest NGO in Turkey which works on the environmental issues. They inform that The Ministry of Forest and Water Management developed open geographic data portal (2). Erosion Control Areas, national parks, information about waste water etc. data sets are published in this portal. The Ministry of Forest and Water Management publishes geodata about environmental issues (3). Turkey's Nature Protection Association (4) does not have any information about open data based projects in the environmental fields. However, no cases of use or impact.
1. http://www.tema.org.tr
2. http://geoportal.ormansu.gov.tr
3. http://cbs.ormansu.gov.tr/cob2011/?page_id=433&lang=tr
4. http://www.ttkder.org.tr"
"Turkey","ODB.2013.C.DPL",4,"The Data Protection Act has been drafted and forwarded to the chairman of the National Assembly for approval. However, with several amendments, the draft was sent back (1). On February 2013, the draft of the act was submitted to the approval of the Council of Ministers. Yavuz Dayoglu (lawyer at PwC -2) notes that no specific regulation in the domestic law has been adopted regarding personal data protection. However, data protection issues are regulated within the framework of the Constitution (3), Civil Code (No.4721) and Criminal Code (No.5237). A citizen does not have a permission (or there is no any technical option) to access his or her personal data and correct them. Additionally, the current acts don't allow the Turkish citizens to allow or not his (her) personal data collection. Gur Law firm published an article related to data protection overview of Turkey (4). It is clearly seen that there is no centralized approach to the data protection issues. As part of Turkey’s Accession Partnership with the European Union, Turkey is required to “adopt a law on protection of personal data” and “establish an independent supervisory authority.
(1) http://www2.tbmm.gov.tr/d23/1/1-0576.pdf
(2) http://www.linkedin.com/pub/yavuz-dayioglu/2b/795/806
(3) http://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
(4) http://www.gurlaw.com/data-protection-overview-turkey/"
"Turkey","ODB.2013.C.RTI",6,"The Law on the Right to Information (Bilgi Edinme Hakkı Kanunu) was signed on October 24, 2003 and it came into force on April 24, 2004 (1). Turkey is in 71st place in Global Right to Information Rating (2). According to The World Bank's Public Accountability Mechanism, The Law on the Right to Information covers nearly all aspects of right of information issues (3). The Third Sector Foundation of Turkey informs that there are many problems regarding The Law on the Right to Information (4). The information requests are not standardized. Mostly, government bodies reply that ""they do not have that information and that they need to conduct additional research"". This is very common and the legislation allows state institutions not to provide information based on this ground.
Some government bodies have advanced information request system. For example, The Central Bank of Turkey publishes periodically the number of request, status of requests etc. Central Bank informs that during 2013, there were 11129 information requests (5). Anual reports for the use of right to information are published at TGNA webpage (1). During 2013, a total of 2.8 million applications arrived at relevant public institutions, and 93% of applications were answered with evidence. Although the government and other public agencies encourage the usage of this right, due to limitations (state secret etc.) people use it less.
(1) http://www.turmob.org.tr/BilgiEdinme/Mevzuat/bilgi-kanunu.pdf
(2) http://www.rti-rating.org/country_data.php
(3) https://agidata.org/Pam/Profile.aspx?c=206
(4) http://socs.civicus.org/?p=3552
(5) http://www3.tcmb.gov.tr/yillikrapor/2013/files/tr-full.pdf"
"UAE","ODB.2013.C.INIT",6,"The UAE has a moderately strong national open government data initiative which is supported by a set of federal guidelines for government entities. However, the guidelines remain at a general level by outlining basic principles of open government but without specifying how government entities should implement open government, where the resources to launch open government initiatives at the agency level will come from, and specific implementation milestones. The guidelines indicate that government entities should release data related to activities and services and make data releases available on organizational websites or portals for free in an easily accessible format (1). Open government data is currently centralized on the official portal of the UAE government, but there are plans for a dedicated portal. There has been explicit commitment to open data by several senior government officials including Ahmad Bin Humaidan, Director General of Dubai E-government (now Dubai Smart Government), and Salem Khamis Al Shair Al Suwaidi, Emirates E-government Director-General (2). A federal entity called Emirates E-government is responsible for developing, establishing, and maintaining the UAE’s open data initiative. Over $4 million has been committed to the 2012-2014 Federal eGovernment strategy which includes an unspecified allocation towards open government (3). The recently introduced Dubai Smart Government’s Strategic Plan 2014-2017 specifically calls government entities to formulate a methodology for the open data and to build human resources capabilities for implementation (4). The first conference on open data in the Arab World convened in Abu Dhabi in April 2014 with the United Nations Division for Public Administration and Development Management and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs also shows the UAE’s strong commitment to open data (5).
Sources:
(1): Emirates eGovernment. (2011). Open Data Guidelines for United Arab Emirates Government Entities. Abu Dhabi: Emirates eGovernment.
(2) Bitar, Z. (2012). UAE Looks at Open Data to Promote E-government, Gulf News. Retrieved from http://gulfnews.com/business/economy/uae-looks-at-open-data-to-promote-e-government-1.963154
(3): Cherrayil, N. (2012). Emirates eGovernment Budgets Dh150.36m for ETransformation, Gulf News. Retrieved from http://gulfnews.com/business/economy/emirates-egovernment-budgets-dh150-36m-for-etransformation-1.999863
(4): Emirates 24/7 News. (2014, June 19). Dubai Smart Government Strategic Plan Announced, Emirates 24/7 News. Retrieved from http://www.emirates247.com/news/government/dubai-smart-government-strategic-plan-announced-2014-06-19-1.553564
(5): Emirates Identity Authority. (2014). Open Government Data Forum to Begin on Monday, April 28 in the Capital. Retrieved June 23, 2014, from http://www.id.gov.ae/en/media-centre/news/2014/4/23/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AB%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86.aspx"
"UAE","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",0,"To operate in the UAE, civil society organizations must be registered with the Ministry of Social Affairs. According to a 2012 survey of civil society organizations in the UAE, of the 138 registered nonprofits operating, none have a mandate that intersects with IT, governance, or open data more specifically (1). There is no evidence which suggests that civil society or information technology professional groups are being actively engaged by the UAE government in forming its open data strategy, identifying data requirements, or in increasing the use of open data. Beyond the Emirates eGovernment Discussion Forum at the federal level which asks users what documents they would like to have access to under the federal government open data program (2), open data initiatives in the UAE are generally designed to broadcast data rather than create a genuine dialogue about what might be required by the community.
(1): Ministry of Social Affairs. (2012). Non-profit Organizations Index Abu Dhabi: Ministry of Social Affairs.
(2): Emirates eGovernment. (2014). Emirates eGovernment Forum. Retrieved June 23, 2014, from http://www.government.ae/web/guest/forums/-/message_boards/message/88650?_19_threadView=flat#_19_message_88650"
"UAE","ODB.2013.C.CITY",1,"Though not exclusively focused on open data, His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, launched the Best M-Government Service Award which targets local and regional government in the UAE and students (1). The recently introduced Hamdan Bin Mohammad Smart Government Program Award (2). Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company, which is a majority owned state telecom operator, announced its support for the UAE’s Smart Government Plan by supporting the creation of a Mobile Applications Developers Community. The community is envisioned to attract young talent from universities and colleges who would contribute by developing mobile applications to access various government services via smartphones. However, there is not an explicit focus on open data. His Highness Sheikh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum ordered Dubai SME, Dubai’s small and medium business assistance agency, to set up the “SeedApp” fund primarily to help UAE nationals develop the new software to enable mobile government.
Sources:
(1): AMEinfo. (2013). Mohammed Bin Rashid launches Best M-Government Service Award, AMEInfo. Retrieved from http://www.ameinfo.com/mohammed-bin-rashid-launches-m-government-service-343342
(2): Gulf Today. (2013, December 12). Hamdan Recognises Smart Government Honorees Gulf Today. Retrieved from http://gulftoday.ae/portal/03b68239-15a9-45bc-972e-feab8318f361.aspx
(3): Gulf News. (2013, August 3). Du announces Mobile Applications Developers Community initiative to support Mobile Government vision, Gulf News, Retrieved from http://gulfnews.com/business/technology/du-announces-mobile-applications-developers-community-initiative-to-support-mobile-government-vision-1.1216454
(4): ITP Publishing. (2013). SeedApp Launched to Boost UAE Government Services Mobile Phone Apps, Arabianindustry.com. Retrieved from http://arabianindustry.com/comms/news/2013/may/28/seedapp-launched-to-boost-uae-government-services-mobile-phone-apps-4324112/#.Uf4Q-G1l-pc"
"UAE","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"In the UAE, there are currently 19 federal entities with active open data programs, none have a non-federal mandate(1). All of the entities with open data programs are federal ministries, authorities, or agencies. There is no evidence of open data programs at non-federal entities in any of the UAE’s seven emirates.
Sources:
(1): Telecom Regulatory Authority. (2013). Government Data: the UAE Official Government Portal Retrieved June 23, 2014, from http://www.government.ae/en/web/guest/government-data"
"UAE","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",3,"At the higher education level, many of the UAE’s public and private universities offer computer and information science degrees which address concepts related to open data. While degree programs cover the technological aspects of open data, many programs fail to sufficiently provide more extensive training on areas such as data science, visualization, legal issue related to open data, and open data entrepreneurship (1,2,3). While the Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Center and Dubai Smart Government Department have been active in supporting federal e-government programs, they provide limited training concerning functional use of IT in the course of public service deliver rather than training on specific aspects of open data (4,5). Private training providers in the UAE generally focus on training towards industry certifications from Microsoft, Comptia, and Cisco rather than application of open data.
(1): Higher Colleges of Technology. (2014). Computer and
Information Science Retrieved June 23,
2014, from http://www.hct.ac.ae/programs/computer-information-science/
(2): United Arab Emirates University. (2014). Electronic
Commerce Retrieved June 23, 2014, from http://www.cit.uaeu.ac.ae/en/academicandprogrmas/ec/
(3): Abu Dhabi University. (2014). Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology Retrieved June 23, 2014, from http://www.adu.ac.ae/bsc-information-technology.html
(4): Dubai Smart Government Department. (2014). Service Retrieved June 23, 2014, from http://www.deg.gov.ae/en/ServicesGovernment/TrainingServices/Pages/Service.aspx?ServiceID=2407
(5): Dubai Smart Government Department. (2014). Dubai Smart Government Organizes 232 Training Courses to Promote Operational Efficiencies in Government. Retrieved June 23, 2014, from http://www.deg.gov.ae/en/mediacentre/DegNews/Lists/NewsCentre/DispForm.aspx?ID=111"
"UAE","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"Open data related to government efficiency and effectiveness is not released in the UAE. There is not a single example of an open data release that enables the external evaluation of the performance of a government entity relative to publicly available strategic plans. While mechanisms do exist for providing feedback on government service delivery, such as the Federal Feedback Gateway, citizen feedback and assessments of efficiency and effectiveness are not made available to the public nor are the resultant impacts of the feedback received and if it was used to make improvements. Therefore, it is difficult to establish a causal link between open data efforts and increases in government efficiency and effectiveness. In general, many of the open data sets available in the UAE focus on non-financial inputs or output indicators of public sector entities. This data does not enable external analysts to determine the efficiency or effectiveness of service delivery since outputs and outcomes are not linked to spending activity or detailed publicly available budgets. Measuring the impacts of public policy is a key weakness of Arab public sector institutions, and data is scarcely available across the region on policy level impacts."
"UAE","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",3,"A prominent example of open data being used to increase government transparency and accountability is the release of school inspection data by the Knowledge and Human Development Authority in Dubai and other education regulators in the UAE. Data is publicly released on the overall quality of schools, their performance in certain key aspects of their work, and the performance of schools offering different curricula (1). The data helps to inform improvement planning at school and policy level as well as allows parents to make informed choices about the education choices for their children. Catalyzed by publically available statistics related to driving fatalities, the UAE has launched a number of awareness campaigns about road safety. Road safety initiatives address issues surrounding road safety and seatbelt usage to build broader awareness of the importance of driving safely. By providing an impetus to engage in social awareness campaigns about road safety, open data related to driving fatalities and pedestrian deaths has indirectly reduced rates of deaths related to traffic accidents. For example, statistics reflect a 9% reduction in pedestrian deaths, and a 24% reduction in road traffic accidents (2).
(1): Knowledge and Human Development Authority. (2014). School Inspections in Dubai Retrieved June 23, 2014, from http://www.khda.gov.ae/Pages/En/schoolinspection.aspx
(2): Ruiz, R. (2014, March 8). Pedestrian Death Toll in UAE Down Nine Percent, The National. Retrieved from http://www.thenational.ae/uae/pedestrian-death-toll-in-uae-down-nine-per-cent"
"UAE","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Open data releases from the Ministry for Environment and Water are exclusively related to animal wealth, fisheries, and agricultural output. While such data is useful to the public, it has not led to increased scrutiny of environmental impacts of development or other attributable initiatives carried out by civil society of other public sector entities related to environmental sustainability. While there are several government and non-government organizations involved in environmental awareness programs and community action programs, activities are generally in areas such as energy consumption, marine debris, waste reduction, and paper consumption. These areas of intervention are not currently the focus of Ministry for Environment and Water open data releases, and, therefore, cannot be attributed to current environmental open data initiatives. (1)
(1): Ministry for Environment and Water. (2014). Statistics Retrieved June 23, 2014, from http://www.moew.gov.ae/Portal/en/knowledge-and-statistics/statistics.aspx#page=1"
"UAE","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"In the UAE marginalized groups can be inductively defined as those segments of society which are entitled to receive social benefits. This includes widowed and divorced women, the disabled and the handicapped, orphans, single women, married students, and relatives of jailed individuals. In several Arab Gulf countries there are also high number of stateless individuals who live in countries without any paperwork or official status. There is no evidence to suggest that open data initiatives have had any impact on increasing the inclusion of such groups in policy making and accessing government services."
"UAE","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"There is no evidence of open data leading to positive economic impacts. One potential reason for this is that many public sector agencies in the UAE government have developed their own applications as an extension of public service delivery. While initiatives such as the Appfund, which funds mobile government application development, suggest a role for open data in generating enterprise creation, there are no examples of open data assisting the business community at this stage. It could even be argued that the government crowds out entrepreneurial initiatives in this sector by developing its own applications based on institutional data."
"UAE","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"There are currently no examples of entrepreneurs who have used UAE open data to develop new businesses. A quick litmus test for validating this finding is the Dubai SME 100 Ranking of Dubai’s top performing SMEs. There are no companies on the ranking which appear to use open data as a basis for their business (1).
(1): Dubai SME 100. (2014). Dubai SME 100. Retrieved June 23, 2014, from http://www.dubaisme100rankings.com/2013/"
"UAE","ODB.2013.C.DPL",5,"There is no federal law that protects personal information in the UAE. However, a number of policies have broad applicability to the protection of private information by public and private sector entities. The principle of a right to privacy of personal information is codified in the UAE Constitution and is contained in a number of different UAE laws (1). If the collection and processing of any personal data pertains to an individual's private or family life, then the consent of the individual is required. A failure to obtain such consent would constitute a breach of the Penal Code (Article 378) and could also be a breach of the Cyber Crime Law if the personal data is obtained or processed through the internet or electronic devices in general (Articles 21 and 22) (2,3); the Telecoms Law if data is obtained through any means of telecommunication (Clause 3 Privacy of Consumer Information Policy) (4,5); or the Cyber Crime Law (Articles 12 and 13) if data is obtained through the internet or electronic devices.
The UAE Labor Law places obligations on employers in relation to the information that they must maintain in respect of their employees (6). The UAE Credit Information Protection Law regulates the request, collection, preservation, analysis, classification, use, handling and protection of credit information (7). The UAE Medical Liability Law prohibits a doctor from disclosing the secrets of the patient that the doctor becomes aware of in the course of practice, either if the patient trusted him with the secret or if the doctor became aware of the secret in the course of practice (8).
The right to access and correct records is generally enshrined as a provision in all the laws which relate to protection of personal data in the UAE. However, no specific federal laws specify the types of measures to be taken or level of security to prevent unauthorized disclosure of personal data (9). Many of the data privacy policies in the UAE have broad clauses related to taking measures to prevent use and disclosure of information but do not specify particular methods of compliance. Similarly, many of the relevant data privacy laws have general clauses related to third party privacy.
There is no mandatory requirement under UAE law to report data security breaches. Negligence in safeguarding private data can be pursued under the UAE Civil Code if breach has resulted in losses. However, some laws, such as the Telecoms Law, do not include an explicit requirement on the part of service providers to take the initiative in notifying of a breach unless a person complains about unauthorized disclosure of personal data.
Where the unauthorized disclosure of personal data results in a breach of the Penal Code, charges can be brought against the suspect in the Criminal Courts of First Instance. Pursuant to the Penal Code (Article 379), if the Courts find a suspect guilty of disclosing secrets that were entrusted to him ""by reason of his profession, craft, situation or art"" the penalties to be imposed under the Penal Code may include a fine of up to UAE Dirhams 20,000 (the fine is determined by the Courts) and an imprisonment for at least one year (Article 379). More generally, pursuant to the Penal Code (Article 378), ""a punishment of confinement and fine shall be inflicted on any person who attacks the sanctity of individuals' private or family life"" by committing any of the acts described under Article 378 ""other than the legally permitted cases or without the victim's consent."" (10)
Where the unauthorized disclosure of personal data results in a breach of the Cyber Crime Law, charges would be brought against the suspect in the Criminal Courts of First Instance. If found guilty of an offense under the Cyber Crime Law, the punishment an Offender can receive under the Cyber Crime Law varies depending on the nature of the crime. Punishments range from temporary detention, a minimum prison sentence of between six months or one year and/or a fine between AED 150,000 and 1,000,000 (Articles 2, 3, 7, 21
and 22 of the Cyber Crime Law). If found guilty of an attempt to commit any of the relevant offences under the Cyber Crime Law, the punishment is half the penalty prescribed for the full crime (Article 40).
Where the unauthorized disclosure of personal data results in a breach of the Telecoms Law and Policies, the subscriber/data subject generally needs to complain first to the service provider about the breach (Clause 3.1 Consumer Complaint and Dispute Procedure). After examining the complaint the Telecom Regulatory Authority may direct the service provider
""to undertake any remedy deemed appropriate"" to the subscriber/data subject (Clause 4.3 Consumer Complaint and Dispute Policy).
To summarise, thre is no comprehensive law is in place, although this source (11) does suggest reasonably good coverage by the laws that do exist.
Sources:
(1): Constitution of the United Arab Emirates, Article 31. 1971
(2): Penal Code [Federal Law 3 of 1987], Article 378. 1987
(3): Cyber Crimes Law [Federal Law 5 of 2012], Articles 21 and 22. 2012
(4): Telecoms Law [Federal Law 3 of 2003], Clause 3. 2003
(5): Privacy of Consumer Information Policy [Telecom Regulatory Authority, May 31, 2005], 2005
(6): UAE Labor Law [Federal Law No. 8 of 1980], Articles 53 and 54. 1980
(7): Credit Information Protection Law [Federal Law of 2010], 2010
(8): Medical Liability Law [Federal Law of 2008], 2008
(9) Flanagan, B., & Jones, R. (2011). Call for Stronger Data
Protection Laws, Gulf News. Retrieved from http://www.thenational.ae/business/technology/call-for-stronger-data-protection-laws
(10): DLA Piper. (2013). Data Protection Laws of the World. London: DLA Piper.
(11): Global Data Privacy Directory, Norton Rose Flbright (2014) - http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf"
"UAE","ODB.2013.C.RTI",0,"Lack of reliable and standardized primary data, especially data considered politically sensitive, for public policy making is a frequent complaint made by policy makers and researchers in the Arab region. For example, even in the Arab countries which have passed freedom of information legislation such as Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia, there is a prevailing culture of secrecy rather than openness in which citizen access to information is often resisted by public sector officials despite public statements to the contrary and public awareness regarding asserting rights to access information (1). The UAE does not have a right-to-information law, does not permit citizens to request data, and has no mechanisms via which to handle requests for data (2).
(1): Almadhoun, S. (2012). Access to Information in the Middle East and North Africa Region: An Overview of Recent Developments in Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia. Washington, DC: World Bank Institute
(2): Schwalje, W., & Aradi, W. (2013). An Arab Open Government Maturity Model for Social Media Engagement. Dubai: Tahseen Consulting."
"Uganda","ODB.2013.C.INIT",1,"The Uganda government staved off an invitation to join Open Government Partnership (1) that would otherwise mean a commitment to open development. Nevertheless, government has exhibited that it is putting in place several policy objectives to support the development of Open Government Data Initiatives (2). In an interview with a Business Analyst at the Directorate of E-Government, she pointed out that government recognizes the need for open data and through NITA-U are in the initial stages of establishing mechanisms and the legal framework for open data (3).
Bernard Sabiti an advocate for open government data initiatives points out that Uganda is reluctant to join OGP because the government claims that they already doing everything the OGP demands: budget transparency, access to information laws, tech innovations (NITA and MICT), public participation (barazas, Whistle blower protection act), etc. He adds that government is increasingly becoming suspicious of foreign initiated initiatives and does not want to find that some of its laws are contradictory to OGP requirements. Besides, the levels of corruption are still high and with the discovery of oil there are doubts whether Uganda will ever join the OGP (4).
(1) Open Government Partnership, “Participating Countries”
http://www.opengovpartnership.org/countries
(2) Hive Colab, 3rd March 2014, “Towards the Development of Open Government Data Programme in Uganda”
http://www.momokla.ug/downloads/Open%20Government%20Data%20Programme%20%20by%20Samuel%20Muhanguzi.pdf
(3) Julian Rweju, Business Analyst, Directorate E-Government Services, NITA-U, 10th June 2014
(4) Beatrice Mugambe, 6th June 2013, “Uganda, why not join the Open Government Partnership?” http://www.opengovpartnership.org/blog/beatrice-mugambe/2013/06/06/uganda-why-not-join-open-government-partnership"
"Uganda","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"There are no regional or local government open data initiatives. Local governments are challenged by limited access to computers. The latest e-government readiness study (1) conducted by NITA-U covering 20 districts shows that 56% of staff in government institutions require computers to do their work, but do not have any assigned to them; and only half of these can access a computer. Further, only 20% of government institutions have databases maintaining data of public interest and can be accessed externally by the public. And even then it did not meet the criteria for open data. A review of some local government websites of Bushenyi, Iganga, Mayuge, and Lira revealed that at local government level, they had no open data or relevant data that can be of use to the public (2).
(1) NITA-Uganda, December 2012, “Uganda E-Government Readiness Assessment 2012”
http://www.nita.go.ug/publication/e-government-readiness-survey
(2) Lira District
http://liradistrict.com/"
"Uganda","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",5,"The zeal with which civil society organizations, academia, government agencies and the donor community have been campaigning for more openness and information sharing in Uganda waned down in the last 12 months. This is mainly attributed to the required resources needed to sustain the campaign and the activism was largely restricted to the more prominent NGOs based in the capital city. Nonetheless, government agencies like National Planning Authority do recognize these organized campaigns and has been engaging in discussion with the CSO leaders on how to create awareness, advocacy and capacity building.
The government is aware that some CSOs and international agencies like UNICEF are trying to open data and recognizes their efforts as pointed out by Julian Rwweju a Business Analyst at Directorate of E-Government. For instance, Text to Change recognizes the benefits of ‘open’ and has been sharing some of their data (1). The CSOs have gone as far as establishing the Uganda Open Development Partnership Platform to combine their knowledge to promote open development. However, the platform still needs assistance to be ready for the public. The available data sets and documents on the platform are released in proprietary formats, without the alternative of open formats. The Platform needs to be improved with the introduction of open license, multiple formats for material and structured data sets.
Besides, the Uganda Open Development Partnership Platform is challenged by regular funding and this is evidenced by the provision of data in an ad hoc manner and was last update over 14 months ago. The partnership is challenges by most of the data being in paper form or PDF, a lot of data is incomplete, of low quality, and some members fear to share their data anticipating that it might be used against them.
(1) Julian Rweju, Business Analyst, Directorate E-Government Services, NITA-U, 10th June 2014
(2) Olaf Veerman, 7th October 2013, “Text to Change's commitment to open data”
http://flipside.org/notes/ttc-commitment-to-open-data/"
"Uganda","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"According to Julian Rweju at the Directorate of E-Government Services, initiatives on open data are still in infancy and therefore government has not yet invested any resources into innovations for using open data (1). There are a few inconsistent non-government activities supporting innovations with open data which are purely funded by the private sector and CSOs like Hive Colab (2).
(1) Julian Rweju, Business Analyst, Directorate E-Government Services, NITA-U, 10th June 2014
(2) Hive Colab
http://hivecolab.org/about-us/#sthash.bY5x6mSB.dpbs"
"Uganda","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",1,"Open data is a relatively new concept in Uganda and as such there is very limited access to training on open data issues, such as data technology, data science and statistics as well as data visualisation. The available training content is sporadic without any full package for qualifying in open data aspects. Most of the persons taking on these courses are not particularly aiming to gain skills in open data but rather more to improve their knowledge in computer usage (1) (2) (3).
There is evidence for some open data training, though not much. For example on Open Data Day, there was a training on various issues of open data (4). There are also university courses in related areas, but not specifically on open data (5).
(1) Journalist, 1st March 2013, “Free Online Data Training for journalists”
http://www.journalism.co.ug/free-online-data-training-for-journalists/
(2) Uganda BTVET Portal
http://www.btvet-uganda.org/training-provider/homepages/african-college-of-commerce/training-department/courses-offered/diploma-in-computeer-science
(3) Uganda Technology and Management University
http://sce.utamu.ac.ug/index.php/programmes/short-courses.html
(4) http://opendatadaykampala.org/program/session-schedule accessed 13 August 2014.
(5) http://statistics.mak.ac.ug/ accessed 13 August 2014."
"Uganda","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"No evidence of impact.
The government does not release any open data, which was also confirmed by the Business Analyst at NITA-Uganda. I reviewed websites for the ministries of Education, Health, Agriculture, and Works and found that all the available information did not meet the principles of open government data (1) (2) (3) (4). The cross-cutting weaknesses for all published data was that datasets released by the government are not complete, not released in real-time that some data is published after three years, not easily accessible, not stored in machine-friendly formats, and what is published this year may not be found again next year, i.e. information does not remain on-line.
A report by Bernard Sabiti an advocate for open government data reveals that sometimes the data is not available and when it is, it is in old school formats and is of poor quality (5). According to an official from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics, collecting reliable data that informs government process is very costly. For instance, the national census is behind schedule and given the fact that the National Population and Housing Census is a meticulous, extensive process that collects massive amounts of social economic data, this is affecting planning. Other bottlenecks include poor internet access and connectivity across the country, resistance from government bureaucrats to whom custodianship of information is a tool of power and influence, and the high start-up costs which are unaffordable to the government.
(1) Ministry of Education and Sports
http://www.education.go.ug/
(2) Ministry of Health
http://health.go.ug/mohweb/
(3) Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries
http://www.agriculture.go.ug/
(4) Ministry of Works and Transport
http://www.gov.ug/ministry/ministry-works-and-transport
(5) Bernard Sabiti, 21st June 2013, “In Uganda, politics affect the impact of open data on resource allocation”
http://www.opendataresearch.org/content/2013/465/uganda-politics-affect-impact-open-data-resource-allocation"
"Uganda","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"Websites of ministries such as health, education, transportation or agriculture do not have open government data (1) (2) (3) (4). Even the government portal has no relevant or useful information for increasing transparency and accountability because the government does not release any open data, which was also confirmed by the Business Analyst at NITA-Uganda. I reviewed websites for the ministries of Education, Health, Agriculture, and Works and found that all the available information did not meet the principles of open government data. The crosscutting weaknesses for all published data was that datasets released by the government are not complete, not released in real-time that some data is published after three years, not easily accessible, not stored in machine-friendly formats, and what is published this year may not be found again next year, i.e. information does not remain on-line.
A report by Bernard Sabiti an advocate for open government data reveals that sometimes the data is not available and when it is, it is in old school formats and is of poor quality (5). According to an official from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics, collecting reliable data that informs government process is very costly. For instance, the national census is behind schedule and given the fact that the National Population and Housing Census is a meticulous, extensive process that collects massive amounts of social economic data, this is affecting planning. Other bottlenecks include poor internet access and connectivity across the country, resistance from government bureaucrats to whom custodianship of information is a tool of power and influence, and the high start-up costs which are unaffordable to the government.
Despite the fact that Uganda lacks a portal, there are traditional ways through which financial data has been released in the news papers and sometimes this has increased transparency in the country. Sometimes it has made the public to respond to the government's expenditure habits. For example recent release of salaries for state house workers in papers (6).
(1) Ministry of Education and Sports
http://www.education.go.ug/
(2) Ministry of Health
http://health.go.ug/mohweb/
(3) Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries
http://www.agriculture.go.ug/
(4) Ministry of Works and Transport
http://www.gov.ug/ministry/ministry-works-and-transport
(5) Bernard Sabiti, 21st June 2013, “In Uganda, politics affect the impact of open data on resource allocation”
http://www.opendataresearch.org/content/2013/465/uganda-politics-affect-impact-open-data-resource-allocation
(6) http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/657334-state-house-clarifies-on-staff-salaries.html"
"Uganda","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"No evidence of impact. Even a review of websites of government partners agencies in environmental issues like National Forest Authority, National Water and Sewerage Corporation, Uganda Wildlife Authority, Uganda Investment Authority and Uganda Bureau of Statistics did not publish any open data (1) (2).
(1) Ministry of Water and Environment
http://www.mwe.go.ug/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=15&Itemid=223
(2) National Environment Management Authority
http://www.nemaug.org/national_s_o_reports.php"
"Uganda","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"No evidence of impact. Besides access to open data, marginalized groups in Uganda have very limited access to any form of data. There are even very few organizations whether public or private that are championing their cause.
The data on the government websites did not meet the principles of open government data. The crosscutting weaknesses for all published data was that datasets released by the government are not complete, not released in real-time that some data is published after three years, not easily accessible, not stored in machine-friendly formats, and what is published this year may not be found again next year, i.e. information does not remain on-line (1) (2) (3).
Furthermore, a study on ""The potential of open data to impact resource allocation for poverty eradication in Kenya and Uganda"" - revealed that, the present role of open data in citizen engagement was not clear. However, the study highlighted the traditional initiiatives in which information on finances and programmes is revealed to citizens. this included the Baraza programme led by the office of the Prime Minister (OPM) is an initiative by government which provides an opportunity for interface between local communities and their leaders on sharing of public information with focus on effective monitoring of public service provision (on part of the leaders) and demand for accountability and transparency (on the part of the local population). This is an innovative initiative that promotes citizen participation with governance institutions (4).
(1) Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, Social Protection
http://www.mglsd.go.ug/?page_id=14
(2) Ministry of Education and Sports
http://www.education.go.ug/
(3) Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries
http://www.agriculture.go.ug/
(4) http://devinit.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ODDC-Ke-Ug-study.pdf"
"Uganda","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"No evidence of impact
The government does not release any open data as pointed out by the Business Analyst at NITA-Uganda (1). I reviewed websites for the ministries of Finance, Agriculture, Works and Bank of Uganda and found that all the available information did not meet the principles of open government data (2) (3) (4). The published data was that datasets released by the government are not complete, not released in real-time that some data is published after three years, not easily accessible, and not stored in machine-friendly formats.
(1) Julian Rweju, Business Analyst, Directorate E-Government Services, NITA-U, 10th June 2014
(2) Ministry of Finance, Planning & Economic Development.
http://www.finance.go.ug/
(3) Bank of Uganda
https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/rates_statistics/Statistics_overview.html
(3) Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries
http://www.agriculture.go.ug/
(4) Ministry of Works and Transport
http://www.gov.ug/ministry/ministry-works-and-transport"
"Uganda","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"There is no evidence of entrepreneurial use of open data. A review of the Chamber of Commerce and Revenue Authority websites (1) (2), found that all the available information did not meet the principles of open government data. The published data was not complete, not released in real-time and not easily accessible. Other bottlenecks include poor internet access and connectivity across the country.
(1) Uganda National Chamber of Commerce and Industry
http://www.chamberuganda.com/?q=Business-Services
(2) Uganda Revenue Authority
https://www.ura.go.ug/"
"Uganda","ODB.2013.C.DPL",3,"Currently, apart from a few provisions in the Uganda Communications Act and license terms and conditions requiring respect for privacy (1), there are no regulations and guidelines (2) (4). However, a key legislation is underway to create a framework within which data collected on individuals is to be used. Early this year (January 2014) cabinet passed the principles for the Data Protection and Privacy Bill 2013 and authorized the Ministry of ICT to issue drafting instructions to the first parliamentary counsel to draft the Bill (3).
The bill was approved against the following principles: (i) to effect article 27 of the constitution by providing for the protection of private and personal data; (ii) to safeguard the interests of individuals whose information or data is gathered or collected by public institutions and private entities; (iii) to provide for rights of individuals whose data is collected and processed; (iv) to provide for the regulation of collection, holding, processing and use of personal data; (v) to ensure that rights of individuals during data collection and processing are upheld against the threats and attacks capable of compromising the rights of the information; (vi) to provide mechanism for redress and remedies in case the rights of individuals are infringed; (vii) to provide for administrative mechanisms of ensuring that the processing of personal data is conducted in accordance with the procedures set out in the law to ensure that the privacy of the information relating to individuals is protected.
(1) Uganda Communications Commission Act, 2013,
http://www.ucc.co.ug/files/downloads/UCC%20Act%202013.pdf
(2) Uganda, Privacy issues, Data protection framework
https://www.privacyinternational.org/reports/uganda/iii-privacy-issues
(3) Suzan Nawonga, 24th January 2014, “Cabinet Approves Data Protection, Privacy Bill”
http://chimpreports.com/index.php/business/biznews/16290-cabinet-approves-data-protection-privacy-bill.html
(4) http://119.82.71.117/newvision/news/654797-uganda-needs-laws-on-data-protection.html accessed 12 August 2014."
"Uganda","ODB.2013.C.RTI",4,"Uganda has a regulatory right to information law - the “Access to Information Act, 2005” that stipulates in Section 5 that “Every citizen has a right of access to information and records in the possession of the state or any public body, except where the release of the information is likely to prejudice the security or sovereignty of the state or interfere with the right to the privacy of any other person.” The Act goes on to specify the Information officers that shall be responsible for ensuring that records of the public body are accessible; the request form needed to access a record and how it should be filled in; assisting people that cannot fill in the request form; time taken to make decision on request and notice; what to do when request is granted or denied; and the types of records that cannot be accessed (1). To operationalise the Act, a statutory instrument “The Access to Information Regulations, 2007” was passed with the purpose of providing the procedure for accessing records from a public body (2).
Despite, the Act and Regulations being in place disclosure requirements are largely ineffective. Most government agencies report that they have never been provided with the Access Form. It is almost impossible to get information if one follows the stipulated channel. For instance, under this particular study the Access Form was never provided in any government MDA. In three cases where It was requested using the formal channels as requested by law, never got any information. In two places the response was that the person who is supposed to give out the information is not around and one should keep trying, and the other one promised to call back but never did. To-date no response have been received. It is easier to access information if one introduced themselves as a research student and it’s a bonus if you told them that you have all the information you need but there is this little bit you cannot find not even on internet. You are then sent to the Resource Center to see if you can get whatever record or data you want. If it is available, it’s usually at the cost of photocopying. If you did not inform them that you have checked out their website, some will direct you there, but very few have any useful information beyond their visions and missions. And when you try to use the “Contact Us” form, you never receive a response. If it necessitates a face to face interview, one is sent from one office to another because everybody is not the right person to divulge the information (3) (4). And in terms of types of information that can be easily accessed, legislative information like laws are the easiest to get. Statistical data is the hardest to get especially up-to-date statistics. Most institutions prefer face-to-face interviews but if not handled tactfully, respondents deliberately avoid giving relevant information as they keep basing their answers on a certain law. (5)
##Sources
(1): Access to Information Act, 2005, Section 5
http://www.freedominfo.org/documents/uganda_ati_act_2005.pdf
(2): The Access to Information Regulations, 2007
http://www.mediacouncil.ug/docs/Access_regulations.pdf
(3): Green Watch, 8th May 2013, “Findings on Access to Information Project”
http://www.greenwatch.or.ug/files/downloads/ATI%20PROJECT%20FINDINGS.pdf
(4): Edward Ronald Sekyewa, Hub for Investigative Media (HIM), 3rd March 2014, “Putting ATIA to Test: Experiences from an Investigative Reporter.”
http://www.momokla.ug/downloads/Putting%20ATIA%20to%20the%20Test%20-%20Experiences%20from%20an%20Investigative%20Reporter%20by%20Edward%20Sekyewa.pdf
(5): Primary research by lead country researcher"
"UK","ODB.2013.C.INIT",10,"UK has excellent open government data initiative and is the largest resource of its kind in the world. The aim is to promote innovation though encouraging the use and re-use of government data-sets. Please refer to the parliament paper on open data (attached).
The UK Government has made a strong and explicit commitment to Open Government Data, starting under the Labour Government in 2009, and continued under the coalition government from 2010. A national data portal at data.gov.uk has been in place since early 2010.
The Prime Minister has issued letters to departments on opening data and there have been a series of white papers and strategies focussed on open data policy, including individual departmental open data strategies which are monitored through written ministerial statements. The Rt. Honorable Francis Maude was appointed Minister for the Cabinet Office and Paymaster General in May 2010 and has explicitly mandated the delivery.
##Sources:
(1): http://data.gov.uk/
(2): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Data_in_the_United_Kingdom"
"UK","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",9,"In 2010 the UK Government created the Open Government License, and public bodies can now opt to publish their Crown Copyright material under this license. There are a number of organisations including civil society organisations are using the open data. The UK government is committed to the Open Government Partnership, a partnership of 58 countries and civil society organisations. (1) UK is one of the founding members of Open Government Partnership (3). In 2013, London hosted the annual OGP summit (4)
The Guardian news quotes a Deloitte report on how we can understand the electoral behavior using open data (2). The news is a clear evidence to showcase the benefits of open data by civil society practices like improving transparency around the electoral process and stimulating increased democratic engagement.
The Open Data Immersion Programme (5) runs until the end of March 2015, bringing data owners and data users together. This brings SMEs, start-ups, data providers, industry experts and business leaders together to work on the idea of reuse of open data sets.
The UK Government has created an Open Data User Group (6)
##Sources
(1): https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/improving-the-transparency-and-accountability-of-government-and-its-services
(2): http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/jun/02/how-open-data-can-help-shape-the-way-we-analyse-electoral-behaviour
(3): https://www.gov.uk/government/topical-events/open-government-partnership-summit-2013/about
(4): http://www.opengovpartnership.org/get-involved/london-summit-2013
(5): Open Data Institute (ODI), http://www.theodi.org/events/immersion-programme Open Data Immersion Programme
(6): http://data.gov.uk/odug"
"UK","ODB.2013.C.CITY",9,"The government has setup the Open Data Breakthrough Fund through Department for Business, Innovation and Skills to overcome short-term financial barriers to the release of open data. (1)
There are four significant government-funded initiatives to support open data release and innovation (2)(3)
##Sources:
(1): https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/improving-the-transparency-and-accountability-of-government-and-its-services
(2): http://data.gov.uk/blog/open-data-funding-programmes
(3): https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/breakthrough-fund-and-release-of-data-fund"
"UK","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",6,"The openly local web site keeps a scoreboard of local authorities’ progress in open data. At the time of writing 15/8/13 they score 105 out 434 councils as open data councils of which 99 are “truly open” 54). There are number of major cities that have adopted open government data initiatives at the local level (1) (2) and at regional level (3)(4). Examples:
##Sources
(1): Manchester - http://opendatamanchester.org.uk/category/government/
(2): http://data.london.gov.uk/
(3): http://www.opendatascotland.org/
(4): http://www.opendatani.com/
(5): http://openlylocal.com/councils/open"
"UK","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",8,"UK has good opportunities available for individuals or businesses who wish to increase their skills to use Open Data. Most of the universities, community colleges and training centers run the programs available throughout UK (1) (3) (4)
The cities and central government do take initiatives to educate the individuals / organizations about the open data. They organize the workshops, seminars and information sessions to promote the use of open data. (2)
##Sources:
(1): http://www.skillstraininguk.com/
(2): London city spread about Open Data through 'iCity' - http://data.london.gov.uk/icity
(3): http://www.itskillsacademy.ac.uk/
(4): http://www.merkinch.org.uk/"
"UK","ODB.2013.I.GOV",5,"According to a Deloitte report, there is a increasing demand for open data in UK (1). This report was published in 2012.
According to Capgemini consulting UK is among top give countries in the world to use open data for increased efficiency. (2)
In contrast, a report submitted in the parliament does not endorse the impact by open data by the government - ""There is little evidence to suggest that the Government is consistently making the most of the opportunities to improve policy and performance via the use of its own data. Departments need to make full use of the records and information they possess to ensure they are running effectively. Opening up that data to other departments will boost the Government's evidence base and can improve policy making. The benefits of making data open include not just an increase in openness and accountability, but also the opportunity for outside experts to verify, and suggest improvements in the quality and accuracy of, the data itself."" (3)
UK is one of the foremost countries in the world that is making adequate progress in open data space. However, there is much more to be done.
##Sources:
(1): http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-UnitedKingdom/Local%20Assets/Documents/Market%20insights/Deloitte%20Analytics/uk-da-open-growth.pdf
(2): http://www.capgemini-consulting.com/resource-file-access/resource/pdf/opendata_pov_6feb.pdf
(3): http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmselect/cmpubadm/564/56407.htm"
"UK","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",7,"There are evidence available to support that open data had a noticeable impact on increasing transparency and accountability (1) . Government has recently announced GBP 1.5 million funding to open up public data (2)
Blog: Transparency and Open data: Looking forward (3)
There are criticism against the claim saying open data initiative is skewed towards efficiency but failed at transparency ""“is an unhealthy conflation of transparency, data on public services and personal data, all of which converge towards the ""Open for Business"" principle.” (4)
Corporate Report on Transparency and open Data: How DWP uses transparency and open data to improve public services and accountability. (5)
DWP Open Data Case Studies (6)
## Sources
(1): https://www.gov.uk/government/topics/government-efficiency-transparency-and-accountability
(2): https://www.gov.uk/government/news/15-million-funding-to-open-up-public-data
(3): http://data.gov.uk/blog/transparency-and-open-data-looking-forward
(4): http://zine.openrightsgroup.org/features/2012/is-open-data-a-useful-lever-to-increase-transparency-in-government
(5): https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/transparency-and-open-data
(6): https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/221159/dwp-open-data-case-studies.pdf"
"UK","ODB.2013.I.ENV",4,"The government is publishing the sustainability data reports ""Sustainable Development Indicators in your pocket"" to provide evidence about the noticeable impact (1)
2013 data set (2)
DWP Open Data Case Studies
By using the open data from councils and housing associations, the developers are creating social homes. This data can be used for better upkeep of the homes. Housing Associations taking data from their homes, particularly elements such as boilers that are prone to failure, in order to schedule preventative maintenance (4)
##Sources
(1): http://data.gov.uk/dataset/sustainable_development_indicators_in_your_pocket
(2): http://data.gov.uk/dataset/sustainable_development_indicators_in_your_pocket/resource/8977212c-98cc-45c2-b81f-cec81f91b119
(3): https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/221159/dwp-open-data-case-studies.pdf
(4): http://www.computing.co.uk/ctg/news/2351817/social-homes-big-data"
"UK","ODB.2013.I.INC",3,"UK is one of the key partner for Global Forest Watch. Global Forest Watch is using open data to fight deforestation. Over 1.2 billion people lives in forest including hundreds of thousands in UK who are dependent on forests. GBP 5 million has been provided for the efforts towards forrest monitoring. (1)
According to a wired magazine report, UK government tops the table for open data access (2)
In the open data policy note (presented to the parliament in 2012 by the minister), it clearly gives the direction of use of open data by marginalised groups in policy making and accessing government services (3)
##Sources
(1): http://blogs.fco.gov.uk/shouldertoshoulder/2014/02/21/global-forest-watch-fighting-deforestation-with-satellites-open-data-and-crowdsourcing/
(2): http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2014/06/start/infoporn-uk-gov-data-access
(3): Open Data White Paper - Gov.UK"
"UK","ODB.2013.I.ECON",6,"E-Health insider reports that Open data could add £216bn to UK economy (1)
A book published by Capgemini consulting ""The Open Data Economy"" provides evidences about the noticeable positive impact on the economy (2)
According to a world bank report, UK has potential benefited GBP 6.8 billion per annum (3)
## Sources
(1): http://www.ehi.co.uk/news/EHI/9462/open-data-could-add-%C2%A3216bn-to-uk-economy
(2): http://www.uk.capgemini-consulting.com/the-open-data-economy-0
(3): http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2014/06/05/new-open-data-project-to-support-business-innovation-and-transparency-in-the-caibbean"
"UK","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",6,"UK government has given GBP 10 million to Open Data Institute (ODI). Some of the money will be used for training data entrepreneurs and developers in open and linked data technologies to enable them to create new products and services from open data. (1)
The policy of the government is to promote the use of open data for entrepreneurial and business use (2)
## Sources:
(1): https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/improving-the-transparency-and-accountability-of-government-and-its-services/supporting-pages/the-open-data-institute
(2): http://www.businesszone.co.uk/topic/finances/minister-tells-smes-tap-our-data-innovate-globally-uk-entrepreneurs/40076
(3) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10930868/Meet-the-UK-start-ups-changing-the-world-with-open-data.html
(4) http://www.mastodonc.com/
(5) https://platform.carbonculture.net/landing/
(6) https://spendnetwork.com/
(7) http://transportapi.com/"
"UK","ODB.2013.C.DPL",6,"UK has strict privacy law to protect identity of the individuals and organisations. However, there are loopholes in the law over the 'definition' of privacy and personal data. Compared to other countries in the world, UK law has existed in the U.K. for around 40 years is among the toughest ones.
The current law coming from 1998, based on needs identified in the early 1990s (5). As a result of technological progress, this law is now under review, partly because of the ways in which commercial organisations and the state can use customer profiling, digital forensics and search technology. Its scope is being questioned with regard to the definition of ""personal data,"" or data that identifies someone or that can allow identification when combined with other data.
Various initiatives such as the Open Data Initiative have come into being, with new use of data which is often derived from citizens. So the direction of data protection law is to ensure that it does not reduce the availability of information, but ensures that we have adequate protections in place.
The Information Commissioner's Office (4) is the UK’s independent authority set up to uphold information rights in the public interest, promoting openness by public bodies and data privacy for individuals.
## Sources:
(1): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_in_English_law
(2): Right to Privacy - http://www.yourrights.org.uk/yourrights/privacy/
(3): Example: Recent case of News of the World (Phone hacking scandal) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_International_phone_hacking_scandal
(4) http://ico.org.uk/
(5): http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/29/contents"
"UK","ODB.2013.C.RTI",8,"In UK there is a mature and robust Freedom of Information Act (FOI) passed in 2000 and was implemented in 2005 (1). Any individual can request information from public sources through deemed channels.
The Freedom of Information Act gives you the right to ask any public sector organisation for recorded information they have on any subject. Anyone can make a request for information – with no restrictions on age, nationality or residence. Requests are handled under the Data Protection Act with no changes in the law since the period under consideration.
The right exists for any person, including legal entities such as companies. The right applies to any written or electronic request for information recorded in any form held by the authority at the time of the request, whether or not it explicitly mentions FOI.
However, there are a number of factors that weaken the implementation. Information can be refused on grounds of cost, vexatious requests, not in the public interest etc. It has been criticized for having the widest range of exemptions of all democratic states.
##Sources:
(1): Freedom of Information Act- https://www.gov.uk/make-a-freedom-of-information-request/the-freedom-of-information-act
(2): Right to Privacy - http://www.yourrights.org.uk/yourrights/privacy/
(3): Case Study for FOI - http://www.taxpayersalliance.com/campaign/2008/06/freedom-of-info.html"
"Ukraine","ODB.2013.C.INIT",5,"In April 2014 the Government of Ukraine announced the launch of the Open Data initiative (1) and presented a beta-version of a data portal (2). The policy commitment is clear, but sustainability has yet to be established.
(1) http://minregion.gov.ua/news/v-ukrayini-zyavivsya-nacionalniy-portal-vidkritih-danih-Data-gov-ua-956908/
(2) http://data.gov.ua/"
"Ukraine","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",5,"The Government of Ukraine has just announced the launch of the Open Data initiative (1), however civil society and information technology professionals have been using statistics released by the State Statistics Committee and other agencies (2). Among others, several apps use governmental data as a source of information to map crimes (3), rank schools (4), and built transportation schedules (5). There are active Facebook and Twitter communities (6) (7). Social Boost, an NGO, tries to build bridges between government and activists (8).
(1) http://minregion.gov.ua/news/v-ukrayini-zyavivsya-nacionalniy-portal-vidkritih-danih-Data-gov-ua-956908/
(2) http://gender.undp.org.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84%3Aeu-and-undp-supports-seminars-on-how-to-use-gender-statistics-in-ukrainian-regions-&catid=1%3Aprogrammes-news&Itemid=37&lang=ua
(3) http://zloch.in.ua/
(4) http://edumeter.com.ua/school
(5) http://citytransport.com.ua/
(6) https://twitter.com/opendataua
(7) http://vk.com/opendataua
(8) http://socialboost.com.ua/"
"Ukraine","ODB.2013.C.CITY",2,"The Government of Ukraine has only just announced the launch of the Open Data initiative (1). One of the few open data hackathons was supported by the Ukraine's Security Council (by providing speakers).
(1) http://minregion.gov.ua/news/v-ukrayini-zyavivsya-nacionalniy-portal-vidkritih-danih-Data-gov-ua-956908/
(2) http://www.ukrinform.ua/rus/news/natsionalniy_hakaton_kreativit_na_temu_bezopasnosti_1620777"
"Ukraine","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",1,"The Government of Ukraine has only just announced the launch of the Open Data initiative (1), and local governments have yet to follow suit. The very first attempt to conduct a city-level open data hackathon, KyivSmartCity, was made without government participation (2).
(1) http://minregion.gov.ua/news/v-ukrayini-zyavivsya-nacionalniy-portal-vidkritih-danih-Data-gov-ua-956908/
(2) http://nc.gov.ua/news/index.php?ID=1197"
"Ukraine","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",1,"It was only in April 2014 that the Government of Ukraine announced the launch of the Open Data initiative (1) and presented beta-version of a data portal (2). There have been some Open Data training plans: for instance, the Kiev Hackathon (3) and training fro UNDP aimed to increase municipal budget transparency (4). Kharkiv National University offers some data science sources, but nothing specifically on Open Data (5).
(1) http://minregion.gov.ua/news/v-ukrayini-zyavivsya-nacionalniy-portal-vidkritih-danih-Data-gov-ua-956908/
(2) http://data.gov.ua/
(3) http://techcrunch.com/2013/12/28/startup-hackathon-in-kiev-today-hopes-to-build-tools-for-euromaidan-protest/
(4) https://innovation.internews.org/pilots/municipal-transparency-project-ukraine
(5) http://www.mastersportal.eu/search/?q=ci-29|di-24|lv-master"
"Ukraine","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"It was only in April 2014 that the Government of Ukraine announced the launch of the Open Data initiative (1) and presented beta-version of a data portal (2). Therefore, it is not possible to estimate the impacts of open data yet.
(1) http://minregion.gov.ua/news/v-ukrayini-zyavivsya-nacionalniy-portal-vidkritih-danih-Data-gov-ua-956908/
(2) http://data.gov.ua/
(3) http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96"
"Ukraine","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"It was only in April 2014 that the Government of Ukraine announced the launch of the Open Data initiative (1) and presented beta-version of a data portal (2). Therefore, it is not possible to estimate the impacts of open data yet.
(1) http://minregion.gov.ua/news/v-ukrayini-zyavivsya-nacionalniy-portal-vidkritih-danih-Data-gov-ua-956908/
(2) http://data.gov.ua/
(3) http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96"
"Ukraine","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"It was only in April 2014 that the Government of Ukraine announced the launch of the Open Data initiative (1) and presented beta-version of a data portal (2). Therefore, it is not possible to estimate the impacts of open data yet.
(1) http://minregion.gov.ua/news/v-ukrayini-zyavivsya-nacionalniy-portal-vidkritih-danih-Data-gov-ua-956908/
(2) http://data.gov.ua/"
"Ukraine","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"It was only in April 2014 that the Government of Ukraine announced the launch of the Open Data initiative (1) and presented beta-version of a data portal (2). Therefore, it is not possible to estimate the impacts of open data yet.
(1) http://minregion.gov.ua/news/v-ukrayini-zyavivsya-nacionalniy-portal-vidkritih-danih-Data-gov-ua-956908/
(2) http://data.gov.ua/
(3) http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96"
"Ukraine","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"It was only in April 2014 that the Government of Ukraine announced the launch of the Open Data initiative (1) and presented beta-version of a data portal (2). Therefore, it is not possible to estimate the impacts of open data yet.
(1) http://minregion.gov.ua/news/v-ukrayini-zyavivsya-nacionalniy-portal-vidkritih-danih-Data-gov-ua-956908/
(2) http://data.gov.ua/
(3) http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96"
"Ukraine","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",2,"The Government of Ukraine has just announced the launch of the Open Data initiative (1), however civil society and information technology professionals have been using statistics released by the State Statistics Committee and other agencies (2). Among others, several apps use governmental data as a source of information to map crimes (3), rank schools (4), and built transportation schedules (5).
(1) http://minregion.gov.ua/news/v-ukrayini-zyavivsya-nacionalniy-portal-vidkritih-danih-Data-gov-ua-956908/
(2) http://gender.undp.org.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84%3Aeu-and-undp-supports-seminars-on-how-to-use-gender-statistics-in-ukrainian-regions-&catid=1%3Aprogrammes-news&Itemid=37&lang=ua
(3) http://zloch.in.ua/
(4) http://edumeter.com.ua/school
(5) http://citytransport.com.ua/"
"Ukraine","ODB.2013.C.DPL",7,"There is a data protection law in place in Ukraine (1). Implementation is effectively monitored by an ombudsman (2) (3) (4).
(1) http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2297-17, The Law on On Protection of Personal Data
(2) http://www.ombudsman.gov.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=202&Itemid=202
(3) Online interviews with Mr. Dmitriy Shevchuk, Former ICT Coordinator at Presidential Center of Economic Reforms, June 2-5, 2014.
(4) Global Data Privacy Directory, Norton Rose Flbright (2014) - http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/files/global-data-privacy-directory-52687.pdf"
"Ukraine","ODB.2013.C.RTI",5,"There is a Freedom of Information law in place, which has provisions to guarantees timely responses (1). However, some requests for information have recently been denied (2). There is no central agency dealing with public information.
(1) http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2939-17, Law on Access to Public Information
(2) http://www.medialaw.kiev.ua/news/organization/2127/"
"Uruguay","ODB.2013.C.INIT",6,"There is an ongoing, specific national open data initiative, led by AGESIC (Uruguay's public body in charge of e-gov) Implementation of Open Data infrastructure is in progress, with a government website as the main repository of open datasets. Many important sets are available there, from both national and a few local government entities. There is specific commitment to open data in the government's strategic plan (called ""agenda digital"" and attached below). However, according to actors involved, the pace and schedule of implementation of the open data initiative is not clear and the resources and staff allocated to it are significant enough to qualify it as ""strong"".
##Sources
(1) http://datos.gub.uy/, accessed June 13th, 2014.
(2) https://catalogodatos.gub.uy/, accessed June 13th, 2014.
(3) http://www.agev.opp.gub.uy/observatorio/servlet/mainportadaadvni?8"
"Uruguay","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",4,"The government of the city of Montevideo (largest city in the country) is very active and leads the government push for open data initiatives and serves half the country's population (1). There is also evidence of open data initiatives in the local governments of Durazno (2), the legislative board of Florida (3)and the city of Maldonado (4), although mostly quite limited in extent.
##Sources
(1): Intendencia de Montevideo, ""Datos abiertos"", http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/node/13757
(2): Intendencia de Durazno, ""Datos Abiertos de la Intendencia de Durazno"", http://durazno.gub.uy/portal/index.php/component/content/article/42-informacion/3418-datos-abiertos-de-la-intendencia-de-durazno2013
(3): Catálogo de datos, "" Junta Departamental de Florida"", https://catalogodatos.gub.uy/organization/junta-departamental-de-florida
(4): Catálogo de datos, ""Municipio de Maldonado"", https://catalogodatos.gub.uy/dataset?q=&organization=municipio-de-maldonado&sort=metadata_modified+desc"
"Uruguay","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",5,"There is ample evidence of campaigns calling for open data or working with governments to promote open data, both initiated and led by the e-gov central authority, civil society and international institutions (e.g. the World Bank). There are a few engaged groups using open government data, and outreach events and activities are conducted to promote use of open data; these are mainly targeted to specific communities and groups of users, like journalists. The government engages with the user community on a fairly regular basis.
##Sources
(1): World Bank, ""Uruguay: la era de los datos abiertos llegó para quedarse"" April 2014, http://www.bancomundial.org/es/news/feature/2014/04/24/datos-abiertos-uruguay
(2): AGESIC, ""Comenzaron las mesas de Gobierno Abierto"", May 2014, http://agesic.gub.uy/innovaportal/v/3563/1/agesic/comenzaron_las_mesas_de_gobierno_abierto.html?menuderecho=16
(3): AGESIC, ""Plan de Gobierno Abierto: nuevos plazos para presentar proyectos"", March 2014, http://agesic.gub.uy/innovaportal/v/3372/1/agesic/plan_de_gobierno_abierto:_nuevos_plazos_para_presentar_proyectos.html?menuderecho=16
(4): AGESIC, ""Quién paga: Aplicación ganadora del 1º DataBootCamp de Uruguay"", March 2014, http://agesic.gub.uy/innovaportal/v/3364/1/agesic/quien_paga:_aplicacion_ganadora_del_1%C2%BA_databootcamp_de_uruguay_.html?menuderecho=16
(5): http://larutadeldinero.info/#page4"
"Uruguay","ODB.2013.C.CITY",4,"There are a small range of interventions to support a culture of innovation. There are a few examples of competitions, funding schemes or hackathon events run by government (example urls listed below). The government has been actively involved (alone and in coordination with civil society) in running these schemes through Agesic, the government of the City of Montevideo and Antel (government's ISP). As the IT community in Uruguay is quite small, the number of events is still relevant considering the size of the developer community in this small country.
##Sources
(1): AGESIC, ""Dateidea 2013"", October 2013, http://www.agesic.gub.uy/innovaportal/v/2848/1/agesic/dateidea_2013.html
(2): DATA, ""¡Llegó Oktober DATAFEST!"", September 2013, http://www.datauy.org/llego-oktober-datafest/
(3): Hack Hackers, ""La ruta del dinero"", June 2014, http://larutadeldinero.info/"
"Uruguay","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",2,"Training for individuals and businesses is still very limited in Uruguay. A small number of training initiatives are starting to take place recently, mostly geared towards use of open data for individuals (e.g journalists) and visualization, but effective training still has to be attained outside the country.
##Sources
(1): ORT, ""Programa de Actualización en Periodismo Digital"", http://fcd.ort.edu.uy/actualizacion/periodismodigital, accessed June 13th, 2014.
(2): ABRELATAM, ""Modelos de Negocio con Datos Abiertos"", http://www.abrelatam.org/modelosdenegocio/, accessed June 13th, 2014."
"Uruguay","ODB.2013.I.GOV",1,"There is still no evidence on noticeable impact on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness. Even if there is an open data initiative in Uruguay, still there is the challenge of the use of that data. There is also the need of indicators to measure the impact of that data.
##Sources
(1): Conferencia Regional de Datos Abiertos para América Latina y el Caribe, ¿""Datos gubernamentales en formato abierto?"", http://confdatosabiertos.uy/inicio/datos-abiertos/porque+poner+los+datos+gubernamentales+en+formato+abierto
(2): Interview with members of DATA, NGO specialized on open data, transparency and FOI, Montevideo, Uruguay."
"Uruguay","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",2,"Open data has had some impact on increasing transparency and accountability in the country. The fact that there is an Agencia de Compras y Contrataciones del Estado that uploads a good part of purchases and contracts in open formats help on that sense. But it is not only the publication, but the fact they are training people on public bodies to upload their data into the system in open formats generate a real impact on the increase of transparency and accountability.
##Sources
(1): Agencia de Compras y Contrataciones del Estado, https://www.comprasestatales.gub.uy/
(2): http://www.agev.opp.gub.uy/observatorio/servlet/mainportadaadvni?8
(3): Interview with members of DATA, NGO specialized on open data, transparency and FOI, Montevideo, Uruguay.
(4): http://www.agev.opp.gub.uy/observatorio/servlet/mainportadaadvni?8"
"Uruguay","ODB.2013.I.ENV",2,"There is not many open data on environment issues. One of the two databases has been used in order to facilitate persons to know where the closest recycling points are. This even if there is not an impact evaluation of those tools (one developed by a CSO another by a media), there have used a database available with the objective of creating an impact on recycling habits of people in Montevideo.
##Sources
(1): Catálogo de datos abiertos, Contenedores de residuos reciclables (plásticos, latas, vidrios y pilas), https://catalogodatos.gub.uy/dataset/contenedores_reciclable
(2): DATA, Dónde reciclo, http://www.dondereciclo.com.uy/
(3): Croma (El Observador), En busca del contenedor de reciclaje más cercano, http://www.cromo.com.uy/2012/11/en-busca-del-contenedor-de-reciclaje-mas-cercano/"
"Uruguay","ODB.2013.I.INC",1,"There is still no noticeable impact of open data on increasing the inclusion of marginalized groups in policy making and accessing government services. In fact open data is still is used by an elite group of public servants, academy, activists and journalists.
There is now a project that uses open services that aim that people all over the city can report problem on their neighborhoods. The government of Montevideo has open it services and allows the platform (developed by CSO) to reach their own internal system. This could impact marginalized people giving them a voice and place where to report.
##Sources
(1): DATA, ""Clicks con soluciones: Por Mi Barrio pone al tuyo en la web"", http://www.datauy.org/clicks-con-soluciones-por-mi-barrio-pone-al-tuyo-en-la-web/
(2): Fundación Avina, ""Dos nuevos proyectos se unen al Fondo Acelerador de Innovaciones Cívicas"", http://www.avina.net/esp/7745/dos-nuevos-proyectos-se-unen-al-fondo-acelerador-de-innovaciones-civicas/
(3): Interview to members of DATA, NGO specialized on open data, transparency and FOI, Montevideo, Uruguay."
"Uruguay","ODB.2013.I.ECON",1,"There is a case of positive impact in the domestic economy through the use of open data. This is the case of PreciosUY, which takes data generated by the Information System of Prices to the Consumer, and though a mobile app enables the consumer to choose where to buy at the best prices near their location.
Very recently the Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas has published new databases, so they may be generate impact in future.
##Sources
(1): PreciosUY, http://apps2.genexusx.com/Idbf5c2f9573ba4c6dbfc30e8d61b43cb4/servlet/principal
(2): YoGobierno.org, ""Gobierno Abierto en Uruguay premia ideas innovadoras"", December 2013, http://yogobierno.org/gobierno-abierto-en-uruguay-premia-ideas-innovadoras/
(3): Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, http://www.mef.gub.uy/indicadores.php"
"Uruguay","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",2,"There are some initiatives that are building business using open data. These are the cases of:
- GXBus (1): an application to check bus timetables and routes from mobile phones
- PreciosUY (2): an application to control prices and know where to get better prices for products on the nearby
- Viajeros (3): an application for checking bus schedules for short, medium and long distances, both national and international routes.
The first one is based on GNexus and they receive some funds from that company. The second and third one are free, but they are charging for advertising.
##Sources
(1): GXBus, http://gxbus.com.uy/
(2): PreciosUY, http://apps2.genexusx.com/Idbf5c2f9573ba4c6dbfc30e8d61b43cb4/servlet/principal
(3): Viajeros, http://viajeros.com.uy/portada/
(4): YoGobierno.org, ""Gobierno Abierto en Uruguay premia ideas innovadoras"", December 2013, http://yogobierno.org/gobierno-abierto-en-uruguay-premia-ideas-innovadoras/"
"Uruguay","ODB.2013.C.DPL",9,"In Uruguay, law N° 18.331 sets the legal and regulatory data protection framework. The agency in charge of regulating and enforcing protection of personal data is Agesic, through its Unidad Reguladora y de Control de Datos Personales. (Unit for Regulation and Control of Personal Data). According to major legal consultants in Uruguay the current legal framework is broadly applicable and has been increasingly applied in the past year. The law provides the right of choice/consent to individuals, provides the right to access and/or correct one's personal data, imposes clear responsibilities on information holders and provides a right of redress against both private and public bodies that violate data privacy.
##Sources
(1): Ley 18.331, ""Ley de protección de datos personales y acción de habeas data"", 2008, http://www.parlamento.gub.uy/leyes/AccesoTextoLey.asp?Ley=18331&Anchor=
(2): Protection of personal data, Unit for Regulation and Control of Personal Data (Unidad Reguladora y de Control de Datos Personales.) at Agesic's website. http://www.datospersonales.gub.uy/
(3): Guyer & Regules ""Protección de datos personales"", http://www.guyer.com.uy/es/what_we_do/news-knowledge/guyer-responde/contenido-guyer-en-responde/proteccion-de-datos-personales/
(4): http://www.elpais.com.uy/vida-actual/uruguayos-hicieron-denuncias-ver-amenazados-datos-personales.html"
"Uruguay","ODB.2013.C.RTI",8,"In Uruguay, RTI and FOI are upheld by law number 18381, passed in 2008. Citizens generally receive responses to requests for government information within a reasonable time period and at a reasonable cost, and responses are of acceptable quality.
The law establishes reasonably fast times for processing information requests and sets a specific legal process to enforce it if information is not delivered in a timely manner. There is a clear political commitment to enforce RTI/FOI, involving the Presidency and including most of the Uruguayan state bodies and organizations. This right is actively used by the public, including members of the media and political parties. However, a few challenges and limitations remain: 1. Some companies, ruled by private right but which include public capital and/or public servants, are exempted from this law. This is the case as well for public-private associations. 2.the unit in charge of enforcing the law belongs to AGESIC and does not have its independent budget, nor has the ability to compel other institutions (this must be carried out by the aforementioned judicial process, which is simple but involves costs and requires legal counsel) 3. In 2013 a few modifications were introduced to the law, which widen the State's capacity to mark information as confidential.
Despite these challenges, FOI/ROI has quickly been taken up by the Uruguayan society, and public bodies are adapting to it quickly, I
information requests are taken seriously and there is wide political support to its enforcement. Most requests are fulfilled correctly and on time.
##Sources
(1): Ley 18.331, ""Ley de acceso a la información pública"", 2008, http://www.parlamento.gub.uy/leyes/AccesoTextoLey.asp?Ley=18381&Anchor=
(2): DATA/CAinfo, ""Quesabes.uy"", http://www.quesabes.org/
(3): El País, ""El Estado tendrá más potestades para negar información pública"", October 2013, http://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/tendra-mas-potestades-negar-informacion-publica.html"
"US","ODB.2013.C.INIT",9,"The US Open Data initiative launched with president Obamas memorandum on Transparency and Open Government from January 2009 (1). Later on that year the Open Data portal Data.gov launched (2) and the first Open Government Directive was released (3). On January 2011 the first Code for America fellowships launched promoting digital openness in public administration (4). In September 2011 the US Government released its first OGP National Action Plan (5). In late 2013 the Office of Management and Budget started the website Project Open Data Governance ""as a community resource to facilitate adoption of open data practices"" (6). More information on the development of the US initiative can be found here (7).
## Sources
(1): http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Transparency_and_Open_Government/ [Accessed: 10.06.2014]
(2): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data.gov [Accessed: 10.06.2014]
(3): http://www.whitehouse.gov/open/documents/open-government-directive [Accessed: 10.06.2014]
(4): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_for_America [Accessed: 10.06.2014]
(5): http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/us_national_action_plan_final_2.pdf [Accessed: 10.06.2014]
(6): http://project-open-data.github.io/ [Accessed: 10.06.2014]
(7): http://timemapper.okfnlabs.org/anon/jthmu6-usa-open-data-timeline#4"
"US","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",9,"In the US there are plenty of grassroot and organized CSO activities promoting Open Data. The government proactively tries to engage with them and to improve the data they open up. One example is the Natzional Day of Civic Hacking, where most of the Open Data CSOs join foces (1). According to Jeanne Holm (Evangelist for Data.gov) this year there have been 15k hackers involved, alone 200 of them in Los Angeles. Important CSOs the Government engages with are SecondMuse, Sunlight Foundation or the Knight Foundation.
According to Jeanne Holm there are up to 10 different Open data / Big Data groups in the major US cities which organize through Meetup or Eventbrite. Usually one fo these groups is a Code for America brigade and the others are unlabeled groups, very grass-rooty. The government also joins these meetups and talks to the developers.
The government also deals a lot with the Sunlight foundation, an NGO which serves as the major watchdog for transparency and Open Data. The Sunlight Foundation organizes Events like the Transparency Camp where they engage with peers and government officials (2).
## Sources
Informed by a personal interview with Jeanne Holm (Evangelist for Data.gov) [June 10, 2014]
(1) http://hackforchange.org/ [Accessed: 10.06.2014]
(2) http://transparencycamp.org/ [Accessed: 10.06.2014]"
"US","ODB.2013.C.CITY",8,"On its own website challenge.gov (1) the US government lists many cash-challenges related to Open Data. These challenges stem from all different government agencies. According to Jeanne Holm the average price money is 50k USD. According to Jeanne Holm there is a full-time challenge coordinator employed at the White House. According to JH the team behind data.gov also targets the ""next generation"" by joining elementary and high school science competitions and promoting the use of data.gov.
Furthermore Jeanne Holm told me about the 3-tier-model of Open Data incubators in the US. There is a government sponsored top tier incubator for data professionals, there are several regional incubators like the ones powered by the company 1776 (2) and startup programmes like the whole bunch of civic incubators, different levels HASION incubator (top tier) 1776 (mid tier incubator), UCLA (margin level).
Let me give some examples for open data challenges:
(3) Challenges on Climate and other NASA Data
(4) The American Energy Data Challenge with 100.000$ price money
(5) Challenges for financial innovation through open data
## Sources
Informed by a personal interview with Jeanne Holm, NASA & Data.gov-Team [June 10, 2014]
(1) https://challenge.gov/ [Accessed: 10.06.2014]
(2) http://1776dc.com/ [Accessed: 10.06.2014]
(3) http://www.data.gov/climate/climate-challenges [Accessed: 04.07.2014]
(4) http://energychallenge.energy.gov/ [Accessed: 04.07.2014]
(5) https://www.data.gov/finance/page/finance-challenges/ [Accessed: 04.07.2014]"
"US","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",8,"At the current date (June 10, 2014) there are 39 cities and 46 counties or states in the US that have their own Open data site (1). Jeanne Holm furthermore explains that the US national portal data.gov started out as a purely national portal with no connection to local government (unlike the Uk portal), however this is quickly changing and at this time there are 12k data sets from below-national level on data.gov and the team plans to raise this number to 30k by the end of summer.
## Sources
Personal Interview with Jeanne Holm [June 10, 2014]
(1) https://www.data.gov/open-gov/ [Accessed: 10.06.2014]"
"US","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",7,"On the University side there are 12-15 courses which are dedicated to data science, most of them fairly new, and some of them online. The flagship course might be the one at UC Berkeley (1). Furthermore Code for America or incubators like 1776 provide training. According to Jeanne Holm, the national data portal provides training as well. DigitalGov, the company behind data.gov provides training for government employees as well (2).
There are plenty of private sector training firms offering trainings for big data, databases, or cloud computing (3).
## Sources
Personal Interview with Jeanne Holm [June 10, 2014]
(1) http://datascience.berkeley.edu/ [Accessed: 10.06.2014]
(2) http://www.digitalgov.gov/?s=open+data [Accessed: 10.06.2014]
(3) http://www.globalknowledge.com/training/generic.asp?pageid=9&country=United+States [Accessed: 20.08.14]"
"US","ODB.2013.I.GOV",5,"In my interview tih jeanne Holm, Chief Evangelist of data.gov she pointed me towards the ""Impacts"" section on data.gov, which tries to lists all kinds of evidence. Right now it focusses on economic impact, however she explained that bunches of evidence for government efficiency, effectiveness and transparency will follow in the next weeks.
She described the exemplary case where the communities that work around data.gov figured out that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service collected almost the same data. This was changed for a greater efficiency of data collection. Furthermore she gave an example where sharing data between government agencies reduced cost and improved efficiency (Jeanne sends evidence).
Due to the evidence presented there had been some efficiency improvement, however the collection of impact stories that is about to come up on data.gov will justify a higher score with higher confidence
There is one example where the U.S. Agency for International Development saved money by crowdsourcing a cleanup of there previously opened up datasets (1)
A report by SUnlight Foundation gives four other recent examples where Open Data increased (regional) government efficiency (2)
## Sources
Informed by personal interview with Jeanne Holm, NASA & data.gov-team [10.06.2014]
(1) https://www.data.gov/blog/open-data-spells-success [04.07.2014]
(2) http://sunlightfoundation.com/blog/2014/04/22/beyond-business-the-impacts-of-open-data/ [04.07.2014]"
"US","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",7,"The major influence for transparency and accountability through Open Data are watchdog organizations like the Sunlight Foundation. In their website's ""issues"" section (1) you can find some stories on how they used open data to increase transparency and accountability in the US. One of many examples is the lobby tracker (2). USAspending is not that new anymore, however it is a large step towards transparency (3). Within data.gov there is even a separate section for datasets related to accountability of the state (4). However, we are still looking for the major scoop uncovered through Open Data.
## Sources
Informed by personal interview with Jeanne Holm, NASA & data.gov-team [10.06.2014]
(1)https://sunlightfoundation.com/issues/ [10.06.2014]
(2) http://reporting.sunlightfoundation.com/lobbying/issue/financial-institutionsinvestmentssecurities [10.06.2014]
(3) http://www.usaspending.gov/ [10.06.2014]
(4) https://explore.data.gov/ethics [10.06.2014]"
"US","ODB.2013.I.ENV",3,"Jeanne Holm explains that ""climate"" is the newest community around data.gov, therefore evidence may not be as much as within the other communities. The climate community working on sea level data for example. The next issue they are working on is food resilience. In December 2013 the US ministry has announced the winners of the first Energy Data competition (1). At the time of research the third challenge, as well as some other energy challenges are running (2). Although there are no reports on the impacts, is can be assumed that there has been some impact realized. According to Jeanne Holm the NASA is monitoring the pollution level and emissions from factories and then publish this data. When asked for energy reduction of public buildings through Open Data she pointed to a report of the GSA Public Buildings Service, however a keyword search inside the document could not find any connection to open data (3).
Generally my impression is that there is quite a lot of effort to unlock the supply side and there also have been plenty of pilot-applications. However I wouldn't call this ""large scale impact"" yet.
## Sources
(1) http://energychallenge.energy.gov/a/pages/contest1winners [10.06.2014]
(2) http://www.data.gov/energy/page/energy-challenges [10.06.2014]
(3) http://www.gsa.gov/graphics/pbs/Green_Building_Performance.pdf [10.06.2014]"
"US","ODB.2013.I.INC",2,"As Jeanne Holm explained the US government is walking along several paths to include marginalized groups through Open Data. First they put all their information and code on Github and Stackexchange so everyone can access and reimplement it. Furthermore everyone can comment on the developments, the Open Data activities and strategy is quite deliberative and allows everyone who is online to participate. This includes people which are marginalized through their geographical location. For people who have a lower technology affinity, discussions with the government are possible through G+ or other social networks as well. To tackle the digital divide the team of data.gov organizes offline events in local schools and works with them to include Open Data into the curriculum.
There have been several regional applications developed that help marginalized people to access government services. In LA there is an app that connects homeless shelters with restaurants and stores to relocate food leftovers. Open data is used to identify the locations of shelters or the health inspection scores of relevant restaurants. Furthermore there are apps which connect department stores with shelters or which give an overview of the recovery rates and services of hospitals (also relevant for homeless). (1,2)
There have been some efforts on regional level, but obviously there is potential. However you should also notice that within the United States there are not as many people classified as marginalized as in other less developed countries so including them is less of a ""low hanging fruit"".
## Sources
Personal Interview with Jeanne Holm [10.06.2014]
(1) http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-la-hackathon-20140601-story.html [04.07.2014]
(2) http://www.hacktoendhomelessness.com/projects/ [04.07.2014]"
"US","ODB.2013.I.ECON",7,"In its ""Impact Section"", data.gov has assembled plenty of impact case studies of successful Open Data companies and links to the datasets they use (1). Furthermore Open Data 500 lists hundreds of companies using open data to make business (1). Although this is no peer-reviewed study the existence of these many companies, which have raised high amounts of capital points to the economic impact of Open Data.
A good example for the economic growth potential open data incorporates is the case of Climate Corporation (working with open climate and agricultural data), which has been accquired by Monsanto for $930 million USD in late 2013. (2)
## Sources
Personal interview with Jeanne Holm [10.06.2014]
(1) http://www.opendata500.com/
(2) http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-10-02/monsanto-buys-climate-corporation-for-930-million-bringing-big-data-to-the-farm [04.07.2014]"
"US","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",8,"Due to a well equipped national Open Data Initiative backed by President Obama and a world-leading technology startup scene there have been plenty of Open Data companies growing in the US. The GovLab's ""Open Data 500"" project lists many US companies that turn OGD into new businesses.
Here is the full list (1) and some examples:
- DataMade is a civic technology company. We work on projects that make open data, make open source software, and make people more powerful. (2)
- Development Seed is a creative strategy and engineering team that helps empower citizens and organizations with tools and data to solve complex issues and make better decisions. (3)
## Sources
Personal interview with Jeanne Holm [10.06.2014]
(1) http://www.opendata500.com/list/ [04.07.2014]
(2) http://datamade.us/ [04.07.2014]
(3) http://developmentseed.org/ [04.07.2014]"
"US","ODB.2013.C.DPL",5,"The US has the Privacy Act of 1974 (1), which governs personal information maintained by federal agencies.
The Act outlines the laws in the US relating to Data Protection, and strives to achieve four basic policy objectives:
(1) To restrict disclosure of personally identifiable records maintained by agencies.
(2) To grant individuals increased rights of access to agency records maintained on
themselves.
(3) To grant individuals the right to seek amendment of agency records maintained on
themselves upon a showing that the records are not accurate, relevant, timely, or
complete.
(4) To establish a code of “fair information practices” which requires agencies to
comply with statutory norms for collection, maintenance, and dissemination of records.
It also has a data protection agency, the Federal Trade Commission and is a member of several international associations of data protection agencies (eg ICDPPC; GPEN; APPA; APEC CPEA).
Other US legislation on data protection has been passed on an ad hoc or sectoral basis when a specific need arises ( eg the Video Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (3), the Cable Television Protection and Competition Act of 1992 (4), the Fair Credit Reporting Act, and the 2010 Massachusetts Data Privacy Regulations.
According to the Service GovTrack.us there is the ""Personal Data Protection and Breach Accountability Act of 2014"" under discussion. This bill was assigned to a congressional committee on February 4, 2014, which will consider it before possibly sending it on to the House or Senate as a whole. (5)
However, ""agencies"" in this law only refers to the public sector and this law does not apply to the private sector, thus not fulfilling the criteria of broad applicability. According to a 2012 paper by Graham Greenleaf, ""The US is one of only two countries that ""still provide basic data privacy protection in relation to their public sector only ... but do not do so for their private sector."" Consumers have little control over their personal data in the face of private companies and few options for redress in cases of privacy invasion.(2)
According to an article in the Wall Street Journal, ""Sensitive health information gleaned from the websites we visit is collected and sold, GPS and cell-signal location tracking by the police is conducted without warrants, and online retailers target consumers for higher prices based on their Web browsing histories. Industry self-regulation and options like privacy settings on social networks, Web browsers and mobile apps have failed to keep up with advances in invasive tracking techniques. Our limited legal rights don't come close to protecting us against online tracking and profiling."" (source: Joel R. Reidenberg. Wall Street Journal. ""Yes: Our Experiment With Self-Regulation Has Failed."" http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324338604578328393797127094.html)
According to the Center for Digital Democracy, ""[T]here are few meaningful restrictions on the U.S. government’s authority to monitor communications—and, in particular, communications between foreigners abroad and Americans - in the name of national security."" (source: Center for Digital Democracy. ""American Law Gives The U.S. Government Carte Blanche to Access Private Data Stored in the “Cloud” or Elsewhere."" http://www.centerfordigitaldemocracy.org/sites/default/files/US%20Surveillance%20Law%20One%20Pager.pdf)
In a letter to US government leaders, a coalition of more than a dozen American advocacy groups says: ""Our personal data -‐- our privacy -‐- is being abused by both the commercial sector and governments. In fact, the line is increasingly blurred as personal data passes between both with few restrictions."" (source: Letter from Prominent US Consumer and Civil Liberties Organizations to US Government Leaders. http://epic.org/privacy/intl/NGOs-to-US-Gov-re-EU-US-Privacy.pdf)
## Sources
(1) http://www.justice.gov/opcl/privacy-act-1974
(2) http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2000034)
(3) https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/100/s2361 Accessed Aug 3rd 2014
(4) https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/102/hr4850
(5) https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/s1995#overview [04.07.2014]"
"US","ODB.2013.C.RTI",8,"In the US a federal Freedom of Information Act has been established in 1966 (1). The Act defines agency records subject to disclosure, outlines mandatory disclosure procedures and grants nine exemptions to the statute.
The functionality of this act consists of 5 categories. It states: ""Every agency should make available to the public the following information: (a) publication in the federal register [...] (b) agency opinions and orders [...] (c) agency records [...] (d) agency proceedings [...] (e) exemptions [...]"" (2)
In February 2014 the FOIA Oversight and Implementation Act of 2014 (H.R. 1211; 113th Congress) passed the US House of representatives. Representative Darrell Issa, who introduced the bill, argued in favor of the bill because it ""shifts the burden of proof from the public requestor seeking information about a government agency...to the government being open and transparent unless it has a good reason to withhold."" (3) In line with this bill the government works towards a single point of access portal for FOIA requests (4)
## Sources
(1) http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/552 [Accessed: 10.06.2014]
(2) http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-80/pdf/STATUTE-80-Pg250.pdf
(3) http://www.nextgov.com/emerging-tech/2014/02/house-passes-bill-put-more-foia-processing-online/79447/?oref=ng-dropdown [Accessed: 10.06.2014]
(4) https://foiaonline.regulations.gov/foia/action/public/home [Accessed: 10.06.2014]"
"Venezuela","ODB.2013.C.INIT",1,"A published open government policy has not be enacted. The subject is out of public statement by senior government officers. Very few isolated initiatives of open data exists, such as geographical information via maps published in open formats (1) and some census data available for analysis using R (2). These initiatives are lead by medium level bureaucrats with personal commitment for open data. No open data is available in critical matters such as elections, national budget, education, health or crime.
##Sources
(1): http://sigot.geoportalsb.gob.ve/GEOPORTAL/#
Accessed June 4th, 2014.
(2): http://www.ine.gov.ve/
Accessed June 4th, 2014."
"Venezuela","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",1,"In the early years of 21st century, IT professional community and NGOs were active on advocacy work related to ICT for development and open government (1). There were several advocacy groups working in this issue. One was ""Todos en red"". This kind of activism has declined in the last 4 years, since government is increasingly reluctant to dialogue with civil society. Interest in promoting open data initiatives still exists among the civil society, but since there are not expectations of getting support from the national government, activism is focusing on more pressing matters (2). Most advocacy is now focused on keeping internet users protected from government filtering, blocking, and censorship (3).
##Sources
(1): http://todosenred.wordpress.com/page/2/
Accessed June 27, 2014.
(2): Two open data specialists were interviewed. They asked not to be mentioned for security reasons.
(3): http://espaciopublico.org/index.php/component/search/?searchword=internet&ordering=&searchphrase=all
Accessed June 27, 2014."
"Venezuela","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"Not even CNTI -the agency in charge of promoting eGov initiatives (1)--has organized events or granted funds for promoting open data projects.
##Sources
(1): http://www.cnti.gob.ve/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=777&Itemid=777
Accessed June 4th, 2014."
"Venezuela","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",1,"There a few regional or local policies on transparency that incorporates some open data principles.
For instance, Miranda State's Law of Transparency and Access to Public Information (1), Municipality of Chacao's Bill of Transparency and Access to Public Information (2), Municipality of Baruta's Bill of Citizens Transparency and Access to Public Information (3).
##Sources
(1): http://www.cem.gob.ve/images/base%20normativa/leyes/Gaceta%20Oficial%20del%20Estado%20N%200244.pdf
Accessed June 19th, 2014.
(2): http://www.concejochacao.gob.ve/Ordenanzas_Vigentes/OrdenanzasdeAdministracionyProcedimientos/OrdenanzadeTransparencia.pdf
Accessed June 19th, 2014.
(3): http://www.alcaldiadebaruta.gob.ve/v2/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ordenanza_2007_8.pdf
Accessed June 19th, 2014."
"Venezuela","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",1,"There is very limited training available. Some foundations or NGOs held informative events on the matter of open data, but extensive training on how create value from public data is not offered within the country. For instance, the Fundación Ciudades Digitales has held forums and workshops in which experts address this matter and advocate for policies and investment (1).
##Sources
(1): http://cidiweb.net/evento/cd2013/inicio.php"
"Venezuela","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"There are very few experiences of open data from the national government, and I have not been able to find evidence of impact on increasing government efficiency."
"Venezuela","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"There is not evidence of impact of open data on increasing transparency and accountability in the country. Indeed, the trend is that national government is increasingly concealing data in national stats and public offices performance. There is very little open data- just maps and some Census data to work with. Thus, there is very little data at all to work for increasing accountability.
Transparency is falling and accountability is becoming more difficult. The NGO Transparency Venenezuela (Transparencia Venezuela) has been reporting on this negative trend since 2008. Transparency International (2) qualify Venezuela transparency as Minimal (being Minimal, fourth level in a 5-level rank) and Accountability in 22 percentile.
##Sources
(1): http://transparencia.org.ve/que-hacemos/accesso-a-la-informacion-publica/calidad-de-acceso-a-la-informacion/
Accessed June 16th, 2014.
(2): http://www.transparency.org/country/#VEN
Accessed June 16th, 2014."
"Venezuela","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"As it happens in other sectors, government is concealing data on environmental issues. The national government not only does not publish open data on environmental, it also threatens to prosecute those who publish news on sensible issues as water pollution or oil spills.
Water pollution and rivers contamination from oil and mine exploitation used to be denounced by the media. However, in March 2012, the National Prosecutor Office (Fiscalía General de la República) (1) got a Regional Court decision banning the publication of news about water pollution without scientific certified tests.
##Sources
(1): http://www.ministeriopublico.gob.ve/web/guest/buscador/-/journal_content/56/10136/952695
Accessed June 13th, 2014."
"Venezuela","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Some Census data available maybe useful for helping civil society organizations to influence policymaking in favor of marginalized groups access to basic services--such as health and education--, but there is not evidence of impact from the usage of such data."
"Venezuela","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"There is not evidence of open data from national government having impact on Venezuela economy. There is not surprinsing since The Global Information Technology Report 2014 by the World Economic Forum (1) ranks Venezuela 108 on ICTs usage, but in Business usage the country ranks 119 and 127 in Government usage.
According to this report, Economic impact on ICTs usage in Venezuela is low, scorng 2.76 out of 6.00.
##Sources
(1): http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalInformationTechnology_Report_2014.pdf
Accessed June 16th, 2014."
"Venezuela","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"There are not many entrepreneurial endeavors based upon open data in Venezuela--not surprising since there is not much open data to begin with--. The Global Information Technology Report 2014 by the World Economic Forum (1), Venezuela (as well as other countries in the region) ""suffer from both important weaknesses in the development of their ICT infrastructures and a lack of the innovation and entrepreneurial conditions that could help them fully leverage them."" (p. 27).
##Sources
(1): http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalInformationTechnology_Report_2014.pdf
Accessed June 16th, 2014."
"Venezuela","ODB.2013.C.DPL",2,"The Venezuelan State, in accordance with Article 48 of the Constitution guarantees the secrecy and inviolability of private communications in all its forms. They cannot be interfered with without a warrant issued by a competent court (1).
The Law against Informatics Crimes (Ley contra los Delitos Informáticos) protects privacy of data, granting confidentiality, inviolability and secrecy of communications (2). This law establishes three to five years of imprisonment to the person registering and disclosing private communications. However, despite the complaints, such protection is not been enforced currently and violations are not investigated or punished. On 2012 and 2013, there were several cases of hacking of Twitter and emails accounts of journalists, internet rights activists, and Union leaders. A group called N33 claimed on government-run TV channel that they hacked such accounts. They were never prosecuted (3) (4) (5).
Moreover, last year was created the CESPPA, a national security office reporting to the President of the Republic, who has power to block personal communications in the web without judicial authorization on matters deemed to affect the State strategic interests (6). On 2010, a similar agency, the CESNA, was created, but the Supreme Justice Court ruled that it violates Constitutional rights (7). After the Court ruling, the CESNA was eliminated.
##Sources
(1): http://www.enoriente.com/constitucion/articulo48.htm
Accessed July 17th, 2014.
(2): http://www.oas.org/juridico/spanish/mesicic3_ven_anexo18.pdf
Accessed June 18th, 2014.
(3): http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2012/venezuela#.U6ORHpR5NZ4
Accessed June 18th, 2014.
(4): https://knightcenter.utexas.edu/blog/pro-chavez-hackers-steal-twitter-passwords-venezuelan-journalists
Accessed June 18th, 2014.
(5): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHRFuCItKLA
Accessed June 19th, 2014.
(6): http://espaciopublico.org/index.php/noticias/1-libertad-de-expresi/2863-cesppa-reglamento-espionaje-privacidad
Accessed June 19th, 2014.
(7): http://espaciopublico.org/index.php/noticias/1-libertad-de-expresi/2749-2013-10-14-15-37-31
Accessed June 18th, 2014."
"Venezuela","ODB.2013.C.RTI",1,"Venezuela have not a functioning Right to Information Law. In Venezuela there is still no law or regulation on access to public information. This issue is governed by Articles 28, 141 and 143 of the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela which provide, respectively, the right to access and request information access, mandate of transparency for the public and the right of citizens to receive information when required (right to petition). In the facts accessing public information is really hard and sometimes even dangerous, especially for journalist, or can have negative consequences such as impediment to access to social benefits, permits, strikes, expropriation, fines or suspensions. A coalition of NGOs plus the professional journalist bar (Colegio Nacional de Periodistas) working together under the name of ProAcceso have been campaigning for several years in order to obtain such a law (1). So far, they have been unsuccessful.
##Sources
(1): http://www.proacceso.org.ve/Quienes-Somos.aspx
Accessed June 18th, 2014."
"Vietnam","ODB.2013.C.INIT",0,"There is no release or commitment from the government about open data.
Moreover, Global Open Access Portal of UN revealed this: ""Since Internet penetration and technology diffusion are slow in Vietnam, the environment is not yet conducive to develop and exchange open data in the public domain."" (1)
On the Open Knowledge Foundation Blog, the article ""Open Data developments in Asia"" said: Early Oct 2013, Vietnam government enacted the “Decree 72”, limiting ""the use of blogs and social media to “providing or exchanging personal information”, and prohibits them from being used to disseminate news or even information from government sites. The law also bans content which could be “harmful” to national security or which opposes the government. This kind of restriction is based on the perception that governments own the information and can control its use, and that information-empowered citizens and businesses are potentially dangerous.""
Source:
(1) http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/portals-and-platforms/goap/access-by-region/asia-and-the-pacific/vietnam/
(2) http://blog.okfn.org/2013/10/03/open-data-developments-in-asia/"
"Vietnam","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"There is nothing like open data contest on government website or official regional websites."
"Vietnam","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",0,"Because there is no government engagement to open data and technically there is no legal civil society in Vietnam yet (1)) there is no evidence for this question.
##Source:
(1): http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/CivilSocietyReportFINALweb.pdf - Accessed 9th July 2014 - No.3, 3.1 Types of organizations"
"Vietnam","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"We cannot find any evidence showing that government support directly grants or competition about open data contest. However, there are some hackathon events organized by local groups/ private companies like Space App Challenge which used open data from NASA. (1)
## Sources:
(1) http://www.spaceappsvn.com/
(1)https://2014.spaceappschallenge.org/location/ho-chi-minh-city/"
"Vietnam","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",0,"There is no training mentioned about open data for individuals or businesses."
"Vietnam","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"There is no evidence to show that open data had a noticeable impact on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness. However, there is a story about Da Nang Province, the city joined Open Data Centre Alliance.(1)
In the Membership Board of Open Data Centre Alliance, there is Danang named (Logo with big S next to Daimler): http://www.opendatacenteralliance.org/membership/adoptermembers .
The official site of Danang ICT Infrastruction Development Centre (2)
## Sources:
(1) http://en.vietnamplus.vn/Home/Da-Nang-to-join-open-data-centre-alliance/201012/14844.vnplus - Accessed 28th July 2014
(2) http://www.dsp.vn/"
"Vietnam","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"There is no evidence to show that open data have relates in transparency and accountability, but according to a report from World Bank article, some scholars and researchers believe that with open data provided by World Bank, there would be more transparency and accountability in the country (1)
## Sources:
(1) http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/VIETNAMEXTN/0,,contentMDK:23154724~menuPK:387584~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:387565,00.html - Accessed 17th July 2014"
"Vietnam","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"There is no actual evidence about the impact of open data on environment sustainability, but carbon dioxide emission metrics provided by World Bank (1) is a source for Vietnamese citizens to have a better sense about its annual environment impact. Some NGOs like REDD also measure the carbon dioxide metrics and help farmers understand the issues they face.
## Sources:
(1) http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.PC/countries/VN?display=graph - Accessed 17th July 2014
(2) REDD Vietnam- http://www.vietnam-redd.org/Web/Default.aspx?lang=en-US"
"Vietnam","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no source showing that policy making or accessing government services of marginalised group is developing based on open data."
"Vietnam","ODB.2013.I.ECON",1,"An article in Business Today, mentioned that Vietnam implemented an e-tax system for its 700,000 registered businesses cutting down the time it takes to process from around a week to 15 minutes. (1)
Moreover, most people now can search information about companies directory, bids and tenders openly online, provided by government and some third parties (2)
(1)http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/lessons-in-big-data-vietnam-apac-big-data-and-cloud-summit/1/197954.html - Accessed 17th July 2014
(2) Some sources of company directory:
Tenders, bids: http://muasamcong.mpi.gov.vn/
Company information: http://hieudinh.dangkykinhdoanh.gov.vn/"
"Vietnam","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"There is no evidence to show this help for entrepreneurs. Moreover, The World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC) rank Vietnam in 99th place in the world for ease of doing business (1). And entrepreneurs still have to find local consultant to pass difficulties and barriers (2)
## Sources:
(1) http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/vietnam/ - Accessed 17th July 2014
(2)http://www.tmf-group.com/en/media-centre/resources/top-challenges/apac/vietnam - Accessed 17th July 2014"
"Vietnam","ODB.2013.C.DPL",3,"In 2012, Vietnam was among the countries to have a data Privacy law. (3)
There is no law or regulation about protection of personal data. However, In the Directive 27/CT-TƯ dated 16 October 2008, there is informed: “paying attention to secure information to the requirements of laws, especially protection of individual information"" (1) and “The right of an individual with respect to his/her picture” - under Civil Code - Article 31 (2)
##Source:
(1) http://www.worldcp.org/vietnam.php?aid=518 - Accessed 21th July 2014
(2) http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=6595 - Accessed 21th July 2014
=> Use this link to download the civil code if the above link is unaccessible: http://kenfoxlaw.com/resources/ip-law/ip-related-laws/doc_details/116-civil-code-no-33-2005-qh11-of-14-june-2005.html - Accessed 17th August 2014
(3)http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2000034 - Accessed 21th July 2014"
"Vietnam","ODB.2013.C.RTI",0,"In 2009, the Ministry of Justice drafted a law on Access to Information in Vietnam (1) (2). It was only in December 2013 however, that the Prime Minister acknowledged the country's need to enact the law and expressed that something should be done about it soon (3).
Sources:
(1) http://www.right2info.org/recent/vietnam-is-drafting-a-right-to-information-law-with-the-help-of-article-19 - Accessed 21th July 2014
(2) http://www.article19.org/data/files/pdfs/laws/vietnam-law-on-access-to-information.pdf - Accessed 21th July 2014
(3) http://nld.com.vn/thoi-su-trong-nuoc/se-som-co-luat-tiep-can-thong-tin-20131225213153172.htm - Accessed 21th July 2014"
"Yemen","ODB.2013.C.INIT",0,"There's no open data initiative to speak of, let alone a well-resourced one. The country has been lagging quite a lot in this respect.
## Sources:
1- Skype Interview with Dr. Mazen Al-Hebshi (June 16)"
"Yemen","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",1,"In general terms, civil society organizations has been shy to address open data as a policy issue. However, efforts to push the government to provide citizens with access to information when requested have paid off in issuing the right to information law in 2012. However, as open data suggests being open from the beginning, i.e., without having to request, this is still well short of a full-scale engagement in open data. However, calls for transparency in general due to the rampant level of corruption.
## Sources:
1- Skype Interview with Dr. Mazen Al-Hebshi (June 16)
2- http://www.transparency.org/country#YEM (Accessed June 20)"
"Yemen","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"No evidence of such efforts were found.
## Sources:
1- Skype Interview with Dr. Mazen Al-Hebshi (June 16)"
"Yemen","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"The city and regional governments do not have their own data initiatives and lack autonomy in terms of gathering and distributing various types of data.
## Sources:
1- Skype Interview with Dr. Mazen Al-Hebshi (June 16)"
"Yemen","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",1,"There is limited training to businesses in certain sectors, such as researchers and data analysts to use spread sheets and other solutions but remains a very limited.
## Sources:
1- Skype Interview with Dr. Mazen Al-Hebshi (June 16)"
"Yemen","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"The impact remains very weak due to the lack of strong initiatives and low Internet penetration and lack of awareness of how to use the data available.
## Sources:
1- Skype Interview with Dr. Mazen Al-Hebshi (June 16)"
"Yemen","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"There is no evidence in that any open data, which is extremely limited in the first place, have had an impact on transparency or accountability.
## Sources:
1- Skype Interview with Dr. Mazen Al-Hebshi (June 16)"
"Yemen","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Same applies here, i.e., no impact was observed.
## Sources:
1- Skype Interview with Dr. Mazen Al-Hebshi (June 16)"
"Yemen","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"Same applies here, i.e., no impact was observed.
## Sources:
1- Skype Interview with Dr. Mazen Al-Hebshi (June 16)"
"Yemen","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"Same applies here, i.e., no impact was observed.
## Sources:
1- Skype Interview with Dr. Mazen Al-Hebshi (June 16)"
"Yemen","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",1,"Some impact of open data available from various global sources, not in Yemen and not governmental, have indeed supported the development of new businesses in the IT sector. An example is open source code and software, which resulted in creating some innovative home-grown software solutions such as the Aodle Social Network. However, those are barely emerging and are too few.
## Sources:
1- Skype Interview with Dr. Mazen Al-Hebshi (June 16)
2- https://www.aodle.com/en/ (Accessed June 20)"
"Yemen","ODB.2013.C.DPL",0,"That does not exist but there are plans to introduce such a plan.
## Sources:
(1) Skype Interview with Dr. Mazen Al-Hebshi (June 16)
(2) Skype Interview with Fahmi Al-Baheth (June 14)
(3) http://www.barakish.net/news.aspx?cat=12&sub=23&id=129271 (Accessed June 20)"
"Yemen","ODB.2013.C.RTI",4,"Yemen ratified a law guaranteeing the right of information, however, since its adoption in 2012, it remained largely on paper and does not appear to be functioning as required. This is mainly due to the enormous needs that the law requires to be effective.
## Sources:
(1) Skype Interview with Dr. Mazen Al-Hebshi (June 16)
(2) Skype Interview with Fahmi Al-Baheth (June 14)
(3) http://nashwannews.com/news.php?action=view&id=18436 (Accessed June 20)
(4) http://www.alkhabarnow.net/news/39051/2013/03/04/ (Accessed June 20)
(5) http://yemen-pac.org/play-186.html (Accessed June 20)"
"Zambia","ODB.2013.C.INIT",0,"There is no known government initiative using open data in the country, neither is there any for private organizations. The closest to it are certain Facebook groups (3)(4). There is also an internationally initiated open data portal (1)(2). There have been a few positive statements from the government, but no evidence of implementation plans (5).
##Sources:
(1) Open data website, http://zambia.opendataforafrica.org/gallery
(2) Open data website, http://knoema.com/atlas/Zambia
(3) Emerging Young Zambians Fourm http://www.facebook.com/groups/Emergingyoungzambia/members/
(4) One Zambia One Nation,http://www.facebook.com/groups/ZedUnited/
(5) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/blog/hope-mubanga/2013/10/17/key-steps-build-transparency-and-accountability accessed 14 August 2014."
"Zambia","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",0,"There is no evidence of engagement between government and civil society on open data, in any of the places where you would expect to find it (1)(2).
##Sources:
(1) Emerging Young Zambians Fourm http://www.facebook.com/groups/Emergingyoungzambia/members/
(2) One Zambia One Nation,http://www.facebook.com/groups/ZedUnited/"
"Zambia","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"There is no known government support for innovation using open data in the country, in any of the places where you would expect to find it (1)(2).
##Sources:
(1) Emerging Young Zambians Fourm http://www.facebook.com/groups/Emergingyoungzambia/members/
(2) One Zambia One Nation,http://www.facebook.com/groups/ZedUnited/"
"Zambia","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"There is no evidence of any city or regional government running an open data initiative (1) (2) (3) (4).
##Sources:
(1) Open data website, http://zambia.opendataforafrica.org/gallery
(2) Open data website, http://knoema.com/atlas/Zambia
(3) Emerging Young Zambians Fourm http://www.facebook.com/groups/Emergingyoungzambia/members/
(4) One Zambia One Nation,http://www.facebook.com/groups/ZedUnited/"
"Zambia","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",0,"There is and has not been any such training on open data talked about in the country. There are no relevant courses at the University of Zambia or the University of Lusaka (1) (2), nor is it mentioned in relevant discussion areas (3)(4).
##Sources:
(1) http://www.unilus.ac.zm/SOBM.aspx accessed 14 August 2014.
(2) http://www.unza.zm/ accessed 14 August 2014.
(3) Emerging Young Zambians Fourm http://www.facebook.com/groups/Emergingyoungzambia/members/
(4) One Zambia One Nation,http://www.facebook.com/groups/ZedUnited/"
"Zambia","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"No known impacts, since government does not have its own open data initiatives."
"Zambia","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",0,"As little open data is available, and given limited internet access, there are no documented cases of an impact in terms of transparency. Even key organisations promoting transparency, and theoretically in favour of open data, reference it relatively little in their programmes (1).
(1) http://fodep.blogspot.co.uk/p/fodep-programmes.html accessed 14 August 2014."
"Zambia","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"As little open data is available, and given limited internet access, there are no documented cases of an impact in terms of environmental sustainability."
"Zambia","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"As little open data is available, and marginalised groups have extremely limited internet access, there is no impact in terms of inclusion."
"Zambia","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"No known impacts, given the extremely limited awareness of open data in the country. The African Development Bank open data platform, which includes some economics-related information, was only launched in March 2013, giving little time for evidence of impact (1) (2).
(1) http://www.zbcnews.org/index.php/local-news/541-open-data-platform-now-in-zambia
(2) http://zambia.opendataforafrica.org/xecvhnf/zambia-country-outlook-economic-business-environment-and-health-sector"
"Zambia","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"No known impacts, given the extremely limited awareness of open data in the country. The African Development Bank open data platform, which includes some business-related information, was only launched in March 2013, giving little time for evidence of impact (1) (2).
(1) http://www.zbcnews.org/index.php/local-news/541-open-data-platform-now-in-zambia
(2) http://zambia.opendataforafrica.org/xecvhnf/zambia-country-outlook-economic-business-environment-and-health-sector"
"Zambia","ODB.2013.C.DPL",4,"There are a number of legal instruments that provide guidelines for the protection of privacy(1)(2)(3)(4). For protection of personal data and against the misuse of electronic communications and transactions, the country uses the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 2009 (4). However, the Zambian constitution, which is the supreme law of the land is silent on this matter, but merely provides protection against violation of a person's property (3). The word property has not been defined clearly and the clause is not clear enough as to state whether or not, private data/information can be classified as personal property. Further, there is the right to communicate ideas and information without interference, which is contained under the freedom of expression clause of the Zambian Constitution, but it only goes to the extent of granting ""freedom to impart and communicate ideas and information without interference, whether the communication be to the public generally or to any person or class of persons, and freedom from interference with his correspondence (3).
The Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 2009, protects individuals' personal data and provides clear processes for which people/authorities requiring a person's data could follow, and does say one would only obtain information through written consent and in accordance with the law (4). There is however, no specific indication as to whether or not a court order is required. The Technology Authority also protects the rights and interests of service providers and consumers, under the Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) Act, 2009.
##Sources:
(1)Data Protection and Privacy Policy, Standard Chartered Bank Zambia, https://www.online-banking.standardchartered.com/scb/newGUI/DataProtection_ZM.htm
(2) Privacy Policy, Football Association of Zambia (Official Online Store),https://www.zambiafootballshop.com/index.php?privacypolicy
(3) Constitution of Zambia, 1996, Article 16, Protection From Deprivation of Property, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZM/Constitution%20of%20Zambia%201996.pdf
(4)The Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 2009, http://www.internet.org.za/ect_act.html#PROTECTION_OF_PERSONAL_INFORMATION"
"Zambia","ODB.2013.C.RTI",1,"Zambia has not enacted any information bill, although freedom of expression and the press is provided for in the constitution but does not provide clear guidelines about the issue and as such, requests for government information are generally not responded to in time or at all (1)(2).
##Sources:
(1) Interview with Machova Musanshi, Zambian Journalist, on 11th June 2014, in Lusaka, Zambia
(2) Interview with Lloyd Mugala, Marketer, Tourism News, on 11th June 2014, in Lusaka, Zambia"
"Zimbabwe","ODB.2013.C.INIT",1,"Government departments like the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) disclose data such as national statistics and national budgets without request from citizens. The Internet is the primary means of disclosure and the data is free to access (1). However, the data is not always adequate or in an easily accessible format. It is also not readily available to those who do not have internet access (2). The government has no strong policy in this area.
(1) www.zimstat.co.zw/. Accessed 24 June 2014.
(2) O. Mudziwepasi. Communications Engineer. Mutare., Zimbabwe (contacted – 25 June 2014)"
"Zimbabwe","ODB.2013.C.CSOC",0,"There is no evidence of demand or use of open data, and civil society and information technology professionals have not been engaging with the government regarding open data (1) (2)
(1) O. Mudziwepasi. Communications Engineer. Mutare., Zimbabwe (contacted – 25 June 2014)
(2) K. Masocha. Business Applications Developer. Prizeless technologies. 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe"
"Zimbabwe","ODB.2013.C.SUPIN",0,"There are no cities in Zimbabwe operating open data initiatives (1) (2).
(1) Anonymous. Ministry of Information Communication Technology, Postal and Courier Services. 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe.
(2) K. Masocha. Business Applications Developer. Prizeless technologies. 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe"
"Zimbabwe","ODB.2013.C.TRAIN",2,"Public and private training institutions in Zimbabwe provide some training on issues related to open data, like technology, data science and statistics, data visualisation and the business and legal aspects (3) (4). Individuals or businesses who want to increase their technical skills or develop businesses to use open data can have access to the training (1) (2). However, there appears to be little or no targeted training.
(1) Anonymous. Ministry of Information Communication Technology, Postal and Courier Services. 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe.
(2) K. Masocha. Business Applications Developer. Prizeless technologies. 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe
(3) http://www.gzu.ac.zw/index.php/gzu/125-gzufaculties/agriculture-and-natural-sciences/department-of-mathematics-and-computer-science/208-bsc-honours-degree-in-computer-science accessed 12 August 2014.
(4) UZ School of Technology http://www.uz.ac.zw/index.php/about-us accessed 12 August 2014."
"Zimbabwe","ODB.2013.C.CITY",0,"There is no government support for innovation using open data. Initiatives like Running competitions, Organising incubators and open data boot camps or Offering grant funding or innovation vouchers have not been implemented in the country (1). Players in the ICT sector are not aware of any interventions where government is supporting a culture of innovation with open data (2).
(1) Anonymous. Ministry of Information Communication Technology, Postal and Courier Services. 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe.
(2) O. Mudziwepasi. Communications Engineer. Mutare., Zimbabwe (contacted – 25 June 2014)"
"Zimbabwe","ODB.2013.I.GOV",0,"There is no evidence that open data had a noticeable impact on increasing government efficiency and effectiveness (1) (2). No relevant open government data is available (3)
(1) C. Zhuwau. Independent Environmental Expert. 09 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe
(2) A. Tawanda, Secretary-General, Zimbabwe Cross Border Traders Association (ZCBTA). 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe
(3) Anonymous. Ministry of Information Communication Technology, Postal and Courier Services. 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe"
"Zimbabwe","ODB.2013.I.ACCOUNT",1,"There is no evidence that open data had been used to increasing transparency and accountability in the country (1). No relevant open government data is available (2). The only possible example is the use of some open data tools in advance of the last elections, and in following up on the results (3). But there is almost no evidence of significant impact.
(1) C. Zhuwau. Independent Environmental Expert. 09 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe
(2) Anonymous. Ministry of Information Communication Technology, Postal and Courier Services. 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe
(3) http://ijnet.org/stories/open-data-tool-engages-voters-zimbabwe-elections accessed 14 August 2014."
"Zimbabwe","ODB.2013.I.ENV",0,"Open data had not been used for the purpose of enhancing environmental sustainability in the country (1). No relevant open government data is available (2)
(1) C. Zhuwau. Independent Environmental Expert. 09 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe
(2) Anonymous. Ministry of Information Communication Technology, Postal and Courier Services. 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe."
"Zimbabwe","ODB.2013.I.INC",0,"There is no evidence that open data has been used in the inclusion of marginalised groups in policy making and accessing government services (1). Engagement of communities has largely been through community consultative meetings. No relevant open government data is available (2)
(1) A. Tawanda, Secretary-General, Zimbabwe Cross Border Traders Association (ZCBTA). 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe
(2) Anonymous. Ministry of Information Communication Technology, Postal and Courier Services. 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe."
"Zimbabwe","ODB.2013.I.ECON",0,"There is no evidence that open data has made any impact on the country’s economy (1). The government does not hold open data (2)
(1) A. Tawanda, Secretary-General, Zimbabwe Cross Border Traders Association (ZCBTA). 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe
(2) Anonymous. Ministry of Information Communication Technology, Postal and Courier Services. 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe."
"Zimbabwe","ODB.2013.I.ENTR",0,"There is no evidence of entrepreneurial use of open
Data (1). The government does not hold open data relevant to entrepreneurs (2)
(1) A. Tawanda, Secretary-General, Zimbabwe Cross Border Traders Association (ZCBTA). 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe
(2) Anonymous. Ministry of Information Communication Technology, Postal and Courier Services. 23 June 2014. Harare, Zimbabwe."
"Zimbabwe","ODB.2013.C.DPL",4,"Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act Chapter 10:27 was enacted to protect personal privacy (1). According to Section 29 of the Act,
""A public body may only collect personal information if—
(a) the collection of that information is expressly authorized in terms of an enactment;
(b) the information is to be collected for the purposes of national security, public order and
law enforcement; or
(c) the information is to be collected for the purposes of public health; or
(d) the information relates directly to and is necessary for an operating programme, function
or activity of the public body;
(e) the information will be used to formulate public policy"". Section 30 of the act stipulates that any public body shall inform a person from whom it intends to collect personal information of the purpose for which the personal information is being collected and the legal authority for collecting it (2).
However, some key best-practice elements are missing.
(1) http://www.worldcp.org/zimbabwe.php?aid=518. Accessed 25 June 2014.
(2) ACCESS TO INFORMATION AND PROTECTION OF PRIVACY ACT (CHAPTER 10:27). PART V: COLLECTION, PROTECTION AND RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION BY PUBLIC BODIES."
"Zimbabwe","ODB.2013.C.RTI",2,"Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act Chapter 10:27 was enacted to provide members of the public with a right of access to records and information held by public bodies (1). Section 5 of the Act provides that an ""applicant who requires access to a record that is in the custody or control of a public body shall make a request, in writing, to the public body, giving adequate and precise details to enable the public body to locate the information so requested"" (2). In reality it is very difficult to access information or records from government and it is very costly. For example it costs at least $300,000 to access the country's voters roll (3)
1) http://www.worldcp.org/zimbabwe.php?aid=518. Accessed 25 June 2014.
(2) ACCESS TO INFORMATION AND PROTECTION OF PRIVACY ACT (CHAPTER 10:27). PART II
ACCESS TO INFORMATION.
(3) http://www.radiovop.com/index.php/national-news/10174-voters%E2%80%99-roll-ultimatum-for-zec.html. Accessed 25 June 2014"